作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 289–296 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.033

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    

嗪吡嘧磺隆对不同水稻品种的安全性研究

张苏新(), 李广雨, 王春, 王芊, 黄元炬()   

  1. 黑龙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 150086, 黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-11 修回日期:2026-05-06 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 黄元炬,主要从事除草剂应用技术及杂草抗性研究,E-mail:huangyuanju@163.com
  • 作者简介:张苏新,主要从事除草剂应用技术及杂草抗性研究,E-mail:574982719@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1401100);黑龙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所青年基金项目(zbsqn2024-2)

Study on the Safety of Metazosulfuron to Different Rice Varieties

Zhang Suxin(), Li Guangyu, Wang Chun, Wang Qian, Huang Yuanju()   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2026-02-11 Revised:2026-05-06 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

摘要:

为探明在不同条件下施嗪吡嘧磺隆对耐、敏水稻生长发育的影响及其与丙草胺的混用效应,以耐药水稻龙粳31和敏感水稻五优稻4号为研究对象,采用整株生物测定法测定嗪吡嘧磺隆在不同剂量、施药时期及环境温度下对耐、敏水稻株高、鲜重等生长指标的影响;采用Gowing法评价嗪吡嘧磺隆与丙草胺的混用效应。结果表明,嗪吡嘧磺隆于移栽后5 d施药更为安全,此时期各药剂浓度处理下,龙粳31生长均未受到显著抑制,五优稻4号在用药剂量低于99.00 g a.i./hm2时药害更轻;嗪吡嘧磺隆在低温条件(15 ℃/5 ℃)下施药对水稻安全性极低,对五优稻4号鲜重的抑制率最高可达22.83%,温度升高至25 ℃/15 ℃时抑制作用显著降低,龙粳31株高甚至出现负抑制率(-0.45%),五优稻4号株高及鲜重抑制率也较其他温度处理显著降低。嗪吡嘧磺隆与丙草胺混用对稗草、萤蔺、野慈姑均有增效作用,最佳混配比为1:3;混剂对龙粳31和五优稻4号选择性指数分别为4.80和3.16,对2个水稻品种均安全,最佳推荐剂量为240.00~360.00 g a.i./hm2。因此,嗪吡嘧磺隆移栽后用药较移栽前用药更为安全,对敏感水稻品种施药剂量不宜超过99.00 g a.i./hm2,且要避免在温度低于20 ℃/10 ℃的连续低温天气下用药,必要时可选择嗪吡嘧磺隆与丙草胺混用以提高安全性。

关键词: 水稻, 嗪吡嘧磺隆, 施药时期, 温度, 丙草胺, 安全性

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of metazosulfuron application under different conditions on the growth and development of tolerant and sensitive rice varieties, and its combined effect with pretilachlor. The tolerant rice variety Longjing 31 and the sensitive rice Wuyoudao 4 were used as test materials. The whole-plant bioassay method was applied to determine the effects of metazosulfuron on plant height, fresh weight and other growth indicators of rice under different application doses, application timings and environmental temperatures. The Gowing method was adopted to evaluate the combined effect of metazosulfuron and pretilachlor. The results showed that metazosulfuron application at five days after transplanting was safer. At this timing, the growth of Longjing 31 was not significantly inhibited under all tested concentrations, while for Wuyoudao 4, phytotoxicity was milder when the application dose was below 99.00 g a.i./ha. Metazosulfuron application under low temperature (15 ℃/5 ℃) posed a high safety risk, with the highest fresh weight inhibition rate of Wuyoudao 4 reaching 22.83%. When the temperature increased to 25 ℃/15 ℃, the inhibitory effect decreased significantly. The plant height of Longjing 31 even showed a negative inhibition rate (-0.45%), and the inhibition rates of plant height and fresh weight of Wuyoudao 4 were also significantly lower compared with other temperature treatments. The mixture of metazosulfuron and pretilachlor showed synergistic effects against Echinochloa crus-galli, Schoenoplectus juncoides, and Sagittaria trifolia, with an optimal mixing ratio of 1:3. The selectivity indices of the mixture for Longjing 31 and Wuyoudao 4 were 4.80 and 3.16, respectively, indicating safety to both varieties, and the recommended dose range was 240.00-360.00 g a.i./ha. Therefore, metazosulfuron application after transplanting was safer than application before transplanting. For sensitive rice varieties, the application dose should not exceed 99.00 g a.i./ha, and application should be avoided under consecutive low-temperature conditions below 20 ℃/10 ℃. When necessary, metazosulfuron can be mixed with pretilachlor to improve safety.

Key words: Rice, Metazosulfuron, Application timing, Temperature, Pretilachlor, Safety

表1

不同时期施药对水稻生长指标的影响

施药时期
Application
timing
施药剂量
Application
dosage
(g a.i./hm2)
龙粳31 Longjing 31 五优稻4号Wuyoudao 4
株高
Plant
height
(cm)
株高抑制率
Plant height
inhibition
rate (%)
鲜重
Fresh
weight
(g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight
inhibition
rate (%)
株高
Plant
height
(cm)
株高抑制率
Plant height
inhibition
rate (%)
鲜重
Fresh
weight
(g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight
inhibition
rate (%)
移栽前5 d施药
Apply the herbicide 5
days before transplanting
0.00 30.17±0.44a - 5.76±0.33a - 33.67±0.17a - 6.09±0.13a -
49.50 29.33±0.64ab 2.76 5.59±0.18a 3.01 31.23±0.52b 7.23 5.48±0.21b 10.01
74.25 28.70±0.06bc 4.86 5.48±0.24a 4.80 30.07±0.72bc 10.69 5.27±0.22b 13.46
99.00 27.83±0.32cd 7.73 5.20±0.25a 9.78 28.93±0.35c 14.06 5.01±0.23bc 17.78
148.50 26.77±0.49d 11.27 4.98±0.13a 13.48 27.20±0.56d 19.21 4.61±0.19c 24.34
移栽前3 d施药
Apply the herbicide 3
days before transplanting
0.00 32.67±1.20a - 5.91±0.33a - 36.27±0.87a - 6.70±0.19a -
49.50 31.07±0.73ab 4.90 5.54±0.66a 6.26 31.87±0.44b 12.13 5.63±0.28b 16.01
74.25 30.23±0.67abc 7.45 5.43±0.17a 8.12 30.40±1.65bc 16.18 5.34±0.16bc 20.29
99.00 29.13±0.64bc 10.82 5.16±0.38a 12.75 29.27±0.66bc 19.30 5.14±0.07bc 23.27
148.50 27.73±0.73c 15.10 4.95±0.23a 16.19 27.50±0.17c 24.17 4.68±0.32c 30.23
移栽后3 d施药
Apply the herbicide 3
days after transplanting
0.00 38.50±1.32a - 11.38±0.64a - 40.83±1.01a - 12.99±0.65a -
49.50 37.33±0.68ab 3.03 10.64±0.65a 6.56 37.67±0.29b 7.76 11.41±0.50ab 12.14
74.25 36.57±1.03ab 5.02 10.39±0.95a 8.70 36.47±0.61bc 10.69 11.00±0.92ab 15.27
99.00 35.63±1.35ab 7.45 10.18±0.26a 10.57 34.37±0.35cd 15.84 10.54±0.60b 18.87
148.50 34.73±0.32b 9.78 9.92±0.24a 12.86 32.57±0.87d 20.24 9.65±0.30b 25.72
移栽后5 d施药
Apply the herbicide 5
days after transplanting
0.00 41.33±0.60a - 15.27±086a - 43.50±0.29a - 16.63±0.42a -
49.50 41.67±0.33a -0.81 15.09±0.96a 1.22 41.13±0.60b 5.44 15.08±0.92a 9.28
74.25 40.67±1.42a 1.61 14.81±0.59a 3.03 39.30±0.58bc 9.66 14.56±1.32a 12.45
99.00 39.97±1.64a 3.31 14.43±0.35a 5.52 38.13±1.17cd 12.34 13.95±1.80a 16.12
148.50 38.77±1.48a 6.21 14.01±0.41a 8.29 36.00±0.50d 17.24 13.05±1.25a 21.49

表2

施药时期×施药剂量×水稻品种交互作用方差分析F值

交互因子Interaction factor 株高Plant height (cm) 鲜重Fresh weight (g)
施药时期Application timing 370.959** 541.100**
施药剂量Application dosage 55.842** 10.246**
水稻品种Rice variety 8.115* 6.479*
施药时期×施药剂量Application timing × application dosage 0.491ns 0.335ns
施药时期×水稻品种Application timing × rice variety 4.634* 3.727*
施药剂量×水稻品种Application dosage × rice variety 7.170** 4.601*
施药时期×施药剂量×水稻品种Application timing × application dosage × rice variety 0.127ns 0.106ns

表3

不同温度下施药对水稻生长指标影响

温度
Temperature
处理
天数
Processing
days
处理
Treatment
龙粳31 Longjing 31 五优稻4号Wuyoudao 4
株高
Plant
height
(cm)
株高抑制率
Plant height
inhibition
rate (%)
鲜重
Fresh
weight
(g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight
inhibition
rate (%)
株高
Plant
height
(cm)
株高抑制率
Plant height
inhibition
rate (%)
鲜重
Fresh
weight
(g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight
inhibition
rate (%)
15 ℃/5 ℃ 1 d CK 35.67±1.86a - 3.59±0.26a - 35.33±1.45a - 3.52±0.28a -
处理 32.83±0.44ab 7.94 2.95±0.43ab 17.83 30.33±1.20b 14.15 2.85±0.10b 19.11
3 d CK 32.67±1.76ab - 2.94±0.48ab - 34.67±1.67a - 2.85±0.16b -
处理 28.33±0.60c 13.27 2.33±0.53ab 20.66 28.67±0.33bc 17.31 2.20±0.14c 22.83
5 d CK 30.33±0.88bc - 2.10±0.43b - 32.00±0.58ab - 2.71±0.26bc -
处理 27.00±1.53c 10.99 1.75±0.09b 16.53 26.00±1.00c 18.75 2.13±0.17c 21.40
20 ℃/10 ℃ 1 d CK 36.67±1.76a - 3.63±0.63a - 36.33±0.67a - 4.26±0.07a -
处理 35.00±1.15ab 4.55 3.19±0.13a 12.13 32.00±2.08bc 11.93 3.63±0.25cd 14.72
3 d CK 35.00±0.58ab - 2.86±0.44a - 35.67±0.33a - 4.05±0.10ab -
处理 32.00±0.58b 8.57 2.43±0.12a 14.92 30.00±0.58c 15.89 3.31±0.13cd 18.34
5 d CK 34.17±0.60ab - 2.86±0.55a - 34.67±0.88ab - 3.97±0.14bc -
处理 31.83±0.73b 6.83 2.60±0.12a 9.09 29.33±0.67c 15.38 3.30±0.11d 16.81
25 ℃/15 ℃ 1 d CK 37.00±1.15a - 3.99±0.46a - 37.50±1.26a - 4.66±0.18a -
处理 37.17±0.60a -0.45 3.96±0.33a 0.67 35.50±0.60b 5.33 4.35±0.02b 6.59
3 d CK 37.00±1.15a - 3.78±0.07a - 37.00±0.58a - 4.23±0.17a -
处理 36.67±0.88a 0.90 3.74±0.10a 1.23 35.00±0.58b 5.41 3.97±0.09b 6.07
5 d CK 36.33±0.88a - 3.81±0.08a - 37.33±0.67a - 4.06±0.27a -
处理 36.00±0.44a 0.92 3.77±0.20a 1.14 35.67±0.17b 4.46 3.84±0.13b 5.58

表4

温度×处理天数×水稻品种交互作用方差分析(F值)

交互因子Interaction factor 株高Plant height (cm) 鲜重Fresh weight (g)
温度Temperature 88.139** 79.643**
处理天数Processing days 14.539** 12.906**
水稻品种Rice variety 9.975* 8.758*
温度×处理天数Temperature × processing days 3.110** 2.261*
温度×水稻品种Temperature × rice variety 4.065** 3.321*
处理天数×水稻品种Processing days × rice variety 0.823ns 0.160ns
温度×处理天数×水稻品种Temperature × processing days × rice variety 0.399ns 0.753ns

表5

嗪吡嘧磺隆与丙草胺混用对杂草的鲜重抑制率

杂草种类
Weed species
丙草胺
Pretilachlor
(g a.i./hm2)
嗪吡嘧磺隆
Metazosulfuron (g a.i./hm2)
0.00 24.75 49.50 74.25 99.00
稗草
Echinochloa
crus-galli
0.00 - 20.78 46.56 59.44 77.25
112.50 30.38 57.47 77.02 90.31 96.52
225.00 59.11 78.25 89.46 98.81 100.00
337.50 73.54 88.30 95.63 100.00 100.00
450.00 90.78 97.43 100.00 100.00 100.00
萤蔺
Schoenoplectiella
juncoides
0.00 - 55.12 77.03 82.27 95.35
112.50 21.44 76.97 83.26 93.81 98.22
225.00 42.01 84.63 92.85 100.00 100.00
337.50 64.38 95.99 100.00 100.00 100.00
450.00 82.18 99.06 100.00 100.00 100.00
野慈姑
Sagittaria trifolia
0.00 - 49.53 70.02 81.18 91.65
112.50 15.76 57.29 74.51 89.9 95.77
225.00 31.08 65.92 81.63 97.08 98.19
337.50 58.66 78.35 90.78 100.00 100.00
450.00 71.39 84.76 96.23 100.00 100.00

表6

嗪吡嘧磺隆与丙草胺混用对杂草鲜重抑制率的E-E0

杂草种类
Weed species
丙草胺
Pretilachlor
(g a.i./hm2)
嗪吡嘧磺隆
Metazosulfuron (g a.i./hm2)
24.75 49.50 74.25 99.00
稗草
Echinochloa crus-galli
112.50 12.62 14.22 18.55 12.36
225.00 10.64 11.31 15.39 9.30
337.50 9.26 9.77 10.73 6.02
450.00 4.73 4.93 3.74 2.10
萤蔺
Schoenoplectiella juncoides
112.50 12.23 1.31 7.74 1.87
225.00 10.66 6.17 10.28 2.70
337.50 11.98 8.18 6.32 1.66
450.00 7.06 4.09 3.16 0.83
野慈姑
Sagittaria trifolia
112.50 -0.19 -0.23 5.75 2.80
225.00 0.70 2.29 10.05 3.94
337.50 -0.79 3.17 7.78 3.45
450.00 -0.80 4.81 5.38 2.39

表7

混剂对稗草的鲜重抑制率

混剂
Mixture
(g a.i./hm2)
鲜重
Fresh
weight (g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight
inhibition rate (%)
ED90
(g a.i./hm2)
0.00 5.13a - 237.15
120.00 3.14b 38.79
240.00 0.46c 91.03
360.00 0.07d 98.64
480.00 0.01d 99.81

表8

混剂对水稻的鲜重抑制率

水稻品种
Rice variety
混剂
Mixture (g a.i./hm2)
鲜重
Fresh weight (g)
鲜重抑制率
Fresh weight inhibition rate (%)
ED10
(g a.i./hm2)
选择性指数
Selectivity index (I)
龙粳31
Longjing 31
0.00 10.33a - 1139.13 4.80
240.00 10.12a 2.03
360.00 10.01a 3.10
480.00 9.93a 3.87
600.00 9.72a 5.91
五优稻4号
Wuyoudao 4
0.00 8.65a - 750.55 3.16
240.00 8.33ab 3.70
360.00 8.21ab 5.09
480.00 8.05ab 6.94
600.00 7.92b 8.44
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