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作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 90–97 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.011

• 植物激素与作物生长发育调控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯对雾培马铃薯产量和品质性状的影响

陈娟娟1(), 张玉梅2, 周小成3, 周爱爱1, 付蓉1, 张峰3()   

  1. 1 甘肃省庄浪县农业技术推广中心， 744699， 甘肃平凉
    2 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州农林牧草科学院， 747000， 甘肃甘南
    3 甘肃农业大学农学院/干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室， 730070， 甘肃兰州
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 修回日期:2026-03-12 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 张峰，主要从事马铃薯遗传育种研究，E-mail：zhangf@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈娟娟，主要从事马铃薯种薯繁育研究，E-mail：1053790368@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA009);高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2023CYZC-44);甘肃省高校科研创新平台(2024CXPT-01)

Effects of Foliar-Applied Methyl Jasmonate on Yield and Quality Traits of Aeroponic Potato

Chen Juanjuan1(), Zhang Yumei2, Zhou Xiaocheng3, Zhou Aiai1, Fu Rong1, Zhang Feng3()   

  1. 1 Gansu Zhuanglang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Pingliang 744699, Gansu, China
    2 Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural, Forestry and Pasture Sciences, Gannan 747000, Gansu, China
    3 College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-03-12 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

为探究叶片喷施茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate，MeJA）对微型薯产量和品质的影响，以早熟品种费乌瑞它和中晚熟品种甘农薯7号脱毒组培苗为材料，雾培法定植20 d后，每7 d叶面喷施100 μmol/L MeJA，分析蒸馏水对照和MeJA处理后脱毒苗植株、产量性状及微型薯蔗糖、淀粉及内源激素含量。结果表明，MeJA处理显著促进2个品种的株高和产量，其中费乌瑞它单株结薯总数极显著增加15.70%，单株小薯数和小薯重分别显著增加52.70%和28.20%；甘农薯7号单株结薯总数和总重分别极显著增加11.10%和8.10%，单株小薯数和小薯重分别显著增加60.80%和76.90%，增产效果更明显。MeJA显著影响植株内源激素水平，费乌瑞它生长素（IAA）含量显著增加63.90%，甘农薯7号IAA和脱落酸（ABA）含量分别极显著增加148.00%和56.88%，赤霉素（GA3）含量显著降低19.29%。同时，费乌瑞它微型薯蔗糖含量极显著下降21.68%，淀粉含量增加2.92%；甘农薯7号蔗糖含量显著增加19.33%，淀粉含量基本不变。喷施100 μmol/L MeJA可促进马铃薯植株生长和结薯，其对甘农薯7号的增产效果更为显著。

关键词: 马铃薯, 微型薯, 雾培, 茉莉酸甲酯, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on potato minituber yield and quality, virus-free tissue-cultured plantlets of the early-maturing cultivar Favorita and the mid-to-late- maturing cultivar Gannongshu 7 were used as materials. After 20 days of aeroponic cultivation, the plants were foliar-sprayed with 100 μmol/L MeJA at 7-day intervals. Plant growth and yield-related traits, as well as sucrose, starch, and endogenous hormone contents in minitubers, were analyzed under water control and MeJA treatments. The results showed that MeJA treatment significantly increased plant height and yield in both cultivars. In Favorita, the total number of tubers per plant increased extremely significantly by 15.70%, while the number and weight of small tubers per plant increased significantly by 52.70% and 28.20%, respectively. In Gannongshu 7, the total number of tubers and total tuber weight per plant increased very significantly by 11.10% and 8.10%, respectively, while the number and weight of small tubers per plant increased significantly by 60.80% and 76.90%, respectively, indicating a stronger yield response. MeJA significantly affected endogenous hormone levels. In Favorita, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content increased significantly by 63.90%, whereas in Gannongshu 7, IAA and abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased extremely significantly by 148.00% and 56.88%, respectively, while gibberellin A3 (GA3) content decreased significantly by 19.29%. Meanwhile, sucrose content in Favorita minitubers decreased extremely significantly by 21.68%, whereas starch content increased by 2.92%. In Gannongshu 7, sucrose content increased significantly by 19.33%, while starch content remained essentially unchanged. Foliar application of 100 μmol/L MeJA promoted potato plant growth and minituber formation, with a more pronounced yield-enhancing effect in Gannongshu 7.

Key words: Potato, Minituber, Aeroponic, Methyl jasmonate, Yield, Quality

图1

费乌瑞它MeJA处理与对照在不同时期的植株形态

图2

费乌瑞它MeJA处理与对照不同时期田间性状统计 “*”和“**”分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平上差异显著。下同。

图3

甘农薯7号MeJA处理与对照在不同时期的植株形态

图4

甘农薯7号MeJA处理与对照不同时期田间性状

图5

费乌瑞它MeJA处理与对照平均单株结薯数和平均单株薯重 T1：<5 g的微型薯；T2：≥5 g的微型薯；T3：总的微型薯数；T4：总的微型薯重。下同。

图6

甘农薯7号MeJA处理与对照平均单株结薯数和平均单株薯重

表1

不同品种MeJA处理与对照间微型薯内蔗糖和淀粉含量

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 蔗糖含量
Sucrose content
(mg/g DW)		 淀粉含量
Starch content
(% DW)
费乌瑞它
Favorita		 CK 78.13** 57.31
MeJA 61.19** 58.98
甘农薯7号
Gannongshu 7		 CK 24.55** 53.11
MeJA 29.30** 53.12

表2

不同品种MeJA处理与对照间内源IAA、GA3、ABA含量

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 生长素
IAA		 赤霉素
GA3		 脱落酸
ABA
费乌瑞它
Favorita		 CK 18.38* 72.92 182.53
MeJA 30.13* 77.98 211.46
甘农薯7号
Gannongshu 7		 CK 31.72** 82.91* 104.28**
MeJA 78.66** 66.92* 163.59**

图7

MeJA处理下费乌瑞它植株性状、微型薯品质与产量性状相关性分析 PH：株高，SD：茎粗，SIN：茎节间数，SIL：茎节间长度，NUSN：地下茎节数，NBSN：同一茎节分枝数，SuC：蔗糖含量，StC：淀粉含量，IC：IAA含量，GC：GA3含量，AC：ABA含量，NTPP：单株薯数，TWPP：单株薯重。“*”和“**”分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平上相关性显著。下同。

图8

MeJA处理下甘农薯7号植株性状、微型薯品质与产量性状相关性分析

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