青贮玉米品质性状遗传变异及主成分分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了鉴定青贮玉米品质性状间的相关和依附关系,对14份青贮玉米材料的22个品质性状检测分析,并进行一般描述统计、遗传变异、相关性及主成分分析。结果表明,参试青贮玉米各品质性状中,脂肪、钾、木质素、淀粉含量的变异系数较大,分别为0.20、0.19、0.17和0.16,表明这些性状在品种遗传选育进程中有较大的改良空间;消化率及能量品质相关性状的变异系数介于0.03~0.08,表明这部分性状难以得到遗传改良;青贮玉米品质性状间相关性较大,适宜采用主成分分析保留品质性状的最重要方面。对测试的22个品质性状进行主成分提取,前3个主成分的累积贡献率达到91.29%,分别代表了青贮玉米的饲用价值、微量元素及粗蛋白成分。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 品质, 遗传变异, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To identify the correlation and attachment between quality traits of silage maize, 14 self-produced silage maize were selected in this study. The analysis of general descriptive statistics, genetic variation, correlation and principal component analysis were conducted for the 22 quality traits of the silage maize involved. The results showed: among the traits of silage maize, the content of fatty, potassium, lignin and starch have a large improvement space due to the greater coefficient variation of 0.20, 0.19, 0.17 and 0.16, respectively; While the coefficient variation of digestibility and energy quality was between 0.03 and 0.08, indicating that it was difficult to obtain significant genetic improvement for these traits. The high correlation between quality traits made them suitable for silage maize to reserve the most important aspects of quality traits using principal component analysis. In this study, principal components were extracted from 22 quality traits tested, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first three main components reached 91.29%, which representing the feeding value, micronutrients and crude protein components of silage maize, respectively.

Key words: Silage maize, Quality, Genetic variation, Principal component analysis

吴建忠,李绥艳,林红,马延华,潘丽艳,李东林,孙德全. 青贮玉米品质性状遗传变异及主成分分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (3): 42–48

Wu Jianzhong,Li Suiyan,Lin Hong,Ma Yanhua,Pan Liyan,Li Donglin,Sun Dequan. Genetic Variation and Principal Component Analysis of Silage Maize Quality Traits[J]. Crops, 2019(3): 42–48

图/表 5

表1

表2

14份青贮玉米材料品质性状及描述值"

指标Index	缩写 Acronym	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变幅 Range	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	变异系数(%) Variable coefficient
灰分Ash content (%)	Ash(%)	5.24±0.45	1.90	4.26	6.16	9
脂肪含量Ether extract content (%)	EE(%)	2.66±0.52	1.70	1.86	3.56	20
粗蛋白质含量Crude protein content (%)	CP(%)	7.50±0.94	4.13	4.42	8.55	13
淀粉含量Starch content content (%)	SC(%)	32.14±5.16	19.31	18.91	38.22	16
木质素含量Crude xylogen content (%)	CX(%)	2.94±0.50	2.03	2.18	4.21	17
ADF含量Acid detergent fiber content (%)	ADF(%)	22.21±2.81	11.01	18.04	29.05	13
NDF含量Neutral detergent fiber content (%)	NDF(%)	39.56±4.75	19.66	31.69	51.35	12
48h NDF可消化率Digestibility of NDF for 48h (% DM)	dNDF48	27.54±2.28	8.81	23.92	32.73	8
体外48h干物质消化率In vitro dry matter digestibility for 48h (% DM)	IVDMD48	81.04±2.50	9.77	74.82	84.59	3
Ca(%)	Ca(%)	0.25±0.03	0.08	0.20	0.28	11
P(%)	P(%)	0.26±0.01	0.04	0.24	0.28	5
K(%)	K(%)	0.74±0.14	0.44	0.48	0.92	19
Mg(%)	Mg(%)	0.24±0.01	0.02	0.23	0.25	4
非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate (%)	NFC(%)	46.13±4.44	18.42	35.22	53.64	10
体外48h NDF可消化率Digestibility of NDF in vitro for 48h (% DM)	dvNDF48	69.92±2.91	11.74	63.74	75.48	4
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (% DM)	TDN(%)	68.21±2.36	8.00	63.00	71.00	3
产奶净能Net energy of lactation (Mcal/kg)	NE_L	1.41±0.06	0.20	1.28	1.48	4
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (Mcal/kg)	NE_M	1.69±0.07	0.25	1.53	1.78	4
增重净能Net energy for gain (Mcal/kg)	NE_G	1.02±0.08	0.34	0.84	1.18	8
相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value	RFV	170.93±24.31	100.00	120.00	220.00	14
相对牧草价值Relative pasture value	Rpv	141.64±8.44	30.00	125.00	155.00	6
产奶量/t干物质Milk yield per ton dry matter (kg)	Mp	1 341.93±81.69	294.00	1 152.00	1 446.00	6

表2

表3

14份青贮玉米材料品质性状相关分析"

性状Trait	Ash(%)	EE(%)	CP(%)	SC(%)	CX(%)	ADF(%)	NDF(%)	dNDF48	IVDMD48	Ca(%)	P(%)	K(%)	Mg(%)	NFC%	dvNDF48	TDN(%)	NEL	NEM	NEG	RFV	Rpv
EE(%)	-0.610^*
CP(%)	-0.567^*	-0.191
SC(%)	-0.450	-0.691^**	-0.322
CX(%)	-0.347	-0.392	-0.296	-0.877^**
ADF(%)	-0.413	-0.594^*	-0.454	-0.965^**	-0.854^**
NDF(%)	-0.302	-0.498	-0.418	-0.952^**	-0.872^**	-0.987^**
dNDF48	-0.183	-0.415	-0.413	-0.889^**	-0.762^**	-0.950^**	-0.972^**
IVDMD48	-0.468	-0.676^**	-0.368	-0.971^**	-0.908^**	-0.963^**	-0.941^**	-0.849^**
Ca(%)	-0.678^**	-0.319	-0.167	-0.083	-0.091	-0.231	-0.305	-0.435	-0.094
P(%)	-0.646^*	-0.425	-0.595^*	-0.360	-0.219	-0.332	-0.271	-0.226	-0.317	-0.485
K(%)	-0.881^**	-0.833^**	-0.334	-0.552^*	-0.310	-0.458	-0.343	-0.248	-0.518	-0.630^*	-0.555^*
Mg(%)	-0.341	-0.224	-0.193	-0.239	-0.364	-0.333	-0.378	-0.432	-0.269	-0.768^**	-0.571^*	-0.397
NFC(%)	-0.339	-0.468	-0.438	-0.942^**	-0.873^**	-0.982^**	-0.995^**	-0.964^**	-0.932^**	-0.280	-0.264	-0.354	-0.386
dvNDF48	-0.451	-0.536^*	-0.378	-0.893^**	-0.922^**	-0.891^**	-0.886^**	-0.760^**	-0.952^**	-0.051	-0.296	-0.438	-0.215	0.891^*
TDN(%)	-0.608^*	-0.741^**	-0.391	-0.937^**	-0.850^**	-0.874^**	-0.848^**	-0.725^**	-0.942^**	-0.186	-0.483	-0.663^**	-0.016	0.846^**	0.930^**
NE_L	-0.644^*	-0.783^**	-0.425	-0.954^**	-0.821^**	-0.904^**	-0.865^**	-0.762^**	-0.948^**	-0.152	-0.531	-0.696^**	-0.023	0.861^**	0.895^**	0.984^**
NE_M	-0.628^*	-0.755^**	-0.396	-0.956^**	-0.859^**	-0.902^**	-0.868^**	-0.753^**	-0.957^**	-0.155	-0.487	-0.675^**	-0.045	0.866^**	0.920^**	0.992^**	0.995^**
NE_G	-0.445	-0.537^*	-0.384	-0.895^**	-0.919^**	-0.892^**	-0.889^**	-0.765^**	-0.952^**	-0.054	-0.310	-0.432	-0.203	0.892^**	1.000^**	0.932^**	0.897^**	0.921^**
RFV	-0.282	-0.462	-0.445	-0.920^**	-0.839^**	-0.973^**	-0.986^**	-0.963^**	-0.921^**	-0.343	-0.267	-0.319	-0.370	0.983^**	0.892^**	0.826^**	0.836^**	0.836^**	0.895^**
Rpv	-0.695^**	-0.690^**	-0.425	-0.791^**	-0.785^**	-0.705^**	-0.659^*	-0.508	-0.815^**	-0.401	-0.657^*	-0.660^*	-0.172	0.650^*	0.799^**	0.909^**	0.904^**	0.911^**	0.802^**	0.614^*
Mp	-0.627^*	-0.763^**	-0.419	-0.961^**	-0.845^**	-0.916^**	-0.880^**	-0.775^**	-0.961^**	-0.128	-0.495	-0.677^**	-0.052	0.878^**	0.917^**	0.989^**	0.998^**	0.998^**	0.918^**	0.854^**	0.897^**

表3

表4

表5

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材料编号Code of hybrid	来源(♀×♂) Source
17J401	P7×KWS8855M
17J402	P7-6×KWS8855M
17J403	DK1411×187M
17J405	696F×88L378
17J407	88L378×KWS8855M
17J411	88L378×707M
17J412	阳光1号
17J413	KW-18×BY815
17J414	88L378×BY815
17J417	88L378-3×BY815
17J421	88L378×BY4944
17J422	88L378-1×BY815
17J424	P7×BY815
17J425	龙育15

成分 Component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalues			提取平方和载入Extraction sums of squared loadings
成分 Component	合计Total	方差Variance (%)	累积Accumulation (%)	合计Total	方差Variance (%)	累积Accumulation (%)
1	14.88	67.66	67.66	14.88	67.66	67.66
2	4.03	18.33	85.99	4.03	18.33	85.99
3	1.17	5.30	91.29	1.17	5.30	91.29
4	0.70	3.18	94.47
5	0.55	2.50	96.97
6	0.28	1.29	98.25
7	0.18	0.83	99.08
8	0.13	0.59	99.68
9	0.04	0.20	99.88
10	0.01	0.06	99.94
11	0.01	0.03	99.97
12	0.01	0.03	99.99
13	0.001	0.01	100.00
14	5.00E-16	2.27E-15	100.00
15	3.44E-16	1.56E-15	100.00
16	2.85E-16	1.30E-15	100.00
17	8.19E-17	3.72E-16	100.00
18	4.65E-17	2.11E-16	100.00
19	-1.27E-16	-5.76E-16	100.00
20	-1.86E-16	-8.44E-16	100.00
21	-3.31E-16	-1.50E-15	100.00
22	-6.00E-16	-2.73E-15	100.00

性状Trait	主成分Principal component
性状Trait	1	2	3
Ash(%)	-0.576	-0.687	-0.076
EE(%)	0.694	0.402	-0.361
CP(%)	0.470	0.256	0.778
SC(%)	0.974	-0.118	-0.105
CX(%)	-0.883	0.236	0.069
ADF(%)	-0.958	0.231	-0.075
NDF(%)	-0.932	0.329	-0.097
dNDF48	-0.842	0.425	-0.189
IVDMD48	0.980	-0.133	-0.097
Ca(%)	0.025	0.939	-0.129
P(%)	0.462	0.631	0.440
K(%)	-0.606	-0.665	0.203
Mg(%)	-0.139	0.860	0.123
NFC(%)	0.930	-0.320	0.114
dvNDF48	0.939	-0.126	-0.055
TDN(%)	0.972	0.137	-0.116
NE_L	0.982	0.140	-0.078
NE_M	0.984	0.115	-0.111
NE_G	0.941	-0.124	-0.042
RFV	0.912	-0.348	0.147
Rpv	0.862	0.358	-0.059
Mp	0.989	0.104	-0.085