不同氮效率品种小麦根际土壤酶活性和细菌群落的差异

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明不同氮效率小麦品种的微生物学特性差异，于2018-2020年开展大田试验，研究0（N0）和165kg/hm²（N1）2个施氮水平处理下，氮高效品种“许科168”和氮低效品种“郑品麦8号”的根系活力、根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的差异。结果表明，随生育进程推进小麦根系活力表现为先增加后降低，孕穗期根系活力最强。在孕穗期，与郑品麦8号相比，许科168的根系活力、β-葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和多酚氧化酶活性在N0和N1处理下均增加。N0处理下，许科168的细菌群落丰富度指数和多样性指数大部分显著高于郑品麦8号，N1处理下2个品种差异不显著。同一处理，2个品种的优势门丰度也有一定差别，N0处理下，许科168的酸酐菌门和奇古菌门均高于郑品麦8号；N1处理下，许科168的酸酐菌门比郑品麦8号降低了37.23%，奇古菌门则增加了13.30%；GP6属和亚硝基球藻属为优势属，其中许科168的亚硝基球藻属在2种氮水平下均明显高于郑品麦8号。总之，氮高效小麦品种许科168在N0和N1处理下均具有较高的根系活力和根际土壤酶活性；在N0处理下具有较高的丰富度指数和多样性指数，这都可能引起根际微环境的变化，也可能因为栽培措施（施氮）不同而有所改变。本研究可以为当地适宜小麦品种筛选和适当施肥提供参考。

关键词: 小麦, 氮效率, 根际, 酶活性, 细菌多样性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

In order to explore the difference of wheat varieties with different nitrogen efficiency in microbial characteristics, a field experiment was set in 2018-2020 to study the differences in root activity, rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity between 0 (N0) and 165kg/ha (N1) treatments of high nitrogen efficiency variety “Xuke 168” and low nitrogen efficiency variety “Zhengpinmai 8”. The results showed that the root vitalities first increased and then decreased with the advancement of growth process, and the root vigor at the booting stage was strongest. At the booting stage, compared with Zhengpinmai 8, the root activity, β-glucosidase, leucine amiopeptidase and polyphenol oxidase activities of Xuke 168 increased at N0 and N1 treatments. Under N0 treatment, the enrichment index and diversity index of bacteria of Xuke 168 were higher than those of Zhengpinmai 8, and the difference was not significant under N1 treatment. In the same treatment, the abundance of the dominant phyla of the two varieties was also different to a certain extent. Under the N0 treatment, the Acidobacteria and Thaumarchaeota of Xuke 168 were higher than those of Zhengpinmai 8; compared with Zhengpinmai 8, Acidobacteria of Xuke 168 decreased by 37.23% while the phylum Thaumarchaeota increased by 13.30%; the genus GP6 and Nitrososphaera were the dominant genera, and the Nitrososphaera Xuke 168 was significantly higher than that of Zhengpinmai 8 at two nitrogen levels. In conclusion, the nitrogen-efficient wheat variety Xuke 168 had higher root activity and rhizosphere soil enzyme activity at N0 and N1 treatments, and higher richness index and diversity index at N0 treatment. All of these may cause changes in the rhizosphere microenvironment, which may be changed due to different cultivation techniques (nitrogen application). Therefore, this study can provide reference for local selection of suitable wheat varieties and appropriate fertilization.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen efficiency, Rhizosphere, Enzyme activity, Bacterial diversity, Microbial community

宋晓, 张珂珂, 岳克, 黄晨晨, 黄绍敏, 孙建国, 郭腾飞, 郭斗斗, 张水清, 裴敏楠. 不同氮效率品种小麦根际土壤酶活性和细菌群落的差异[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (4): 188–194

Song Xiao, Zhang Keke, Yue Ke, Huang Chenchen, Huang Shaomin, Sun Jianguo, Guo Tengfei, Guo Doudou, Zhang Shuiqing, Pei Minnan. Differences of Enzyme Activities and Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiency[J]. Crops, 2023(4): 188–194

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土壤酶Soil enzyme	底物Substrate
BG	4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷
LAP	L-亮氨酸-4-硝基苯胺
POX	连苯三酚

年份Year	处理Treatment	品种Variety	BG	LAP	POX
2018-2019	N0	许科168	534.24±11.32a	43.15±2.13a	12.41±0.54a
		郑品麦8号	345.46±13.89b	28.62±3.02b	9.12±0.41b
	N1	许科168	741.36±14.87a	49.12±4.51a	12.88±0.81a
		郑品麦8号	674.13±21.02a	43.24±3.08a	11.45±0.49a
2019-2020	N0	许科168	548.00±11.84a	37.13±2.33a	12.49±0.50a
		郑品麦8号	333.56±14.81b	31.10±3.22b	9.96±0.37b
	N1	许科168	763.72±15.93a	51.52±4.11a	13.14±0.93a
		郑品麦8号	702.77±19.00a	41.42±3.20a	12.41±0.61a

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	丰富度指数Enrichment index		多样性指数Diversity index
处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	Chao指数Chao index	ACE指数ACE index	Shannon指数Shannon index	Simpson指数Simpson index
N0	许科168	4454.21±126.30a	4484.52±154.21a	6.89±0.02a	1.00±0.01a
	郑品麦8号	4154.82±135.13b	4177.22±126.64b	6.10±0.02b	0.99±0.02a
N1	许科168	3885.83±102.43a	3738.39±137.63a	5.82±0.03a	0.98±0.03a
	郑品麦8号	4013.31±123.20a	4177.19±135.41a	6.13±0.01a	0.99±0.02a