三种外源植物生长调节物质对玉米幼苗耐寒性的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以玉米低温敏感自交系T165为试验材料，用10 ℃模拟低温胁迫，用不同浓度的5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）、茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）和独脚金内酯（SL）进行灌根，测定与幼苗耐寒性相关的12个生长生理指标，比较不同处理间指标的综合差异性。结果表明，1~30 mg/L的5-ALA、0.1~20.0 mg/L的MeJA和0.05~0.40 mg/L的SL能促进低温下玉米幼苗地上部及地下部物质积累和渗透调节物代谢，增强细胞质膜稳定，缓释效果随浓度呈先增后减的趋势。主成分分析显示，5-ALA最佳低温胁迫缓解浓度为20 mg/L，综合评价值（D）为2.72；MeJA为1.0 mg/L，D值为2.24；SL为0.30 mg/L，D值为3.01。

关键词: 玉米, 低温胁迫, 外源物质, 缓解效应

Abstract:

Using maize low-temperature sensitive inbred line T165 as the test material, different concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and strigolactone (SL) were treated to determine 12 growth physiological indicators related to seedling cold tolerance, and the comprehensive differences among different treatments were compared under the simulated low-temperature stress at 10 °C. The results showed that 5-ALA at concentrations of 1-30 mg/L, MeJA at concentrations of 0.1-20.0 mg/L, and SL at concentrations of 0.05-0.40 mg/L could promote the accumulation of substances in the aboveground and underground parts of maize seedlings under low temperature, as well as the metabolism of osmoregulators, enhancing the stability of the cytoplasmic membrane. The sustained release effect showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with concentration. Principal component analysis showed that the optimal slow-release concentration of 5-ALA under low temperature stress was 20 mg/L, and the comprehensive evaluation value (D) was 2.72; The optimal sustained release concentration of MeJA under low temperature stress is 1.0 mg/L, and D was 2.24; The optimal slow-release concentration of SL under low temperature stress was 0.30 mg/L, and the D was 3.01.

Key words: Maize, Low temperature stress, Exogenous substance, Alleviation effect

金梓浩, 赵文清, 王芳, 王威, 彭云玲, 常芳国. 三种外源植物生长调节物质对玉米幼苗耐寒性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (3): 125–132

Jin Zihao, Zhao Wenqing, Wang Fang, Wang Wei, Peng Yunling, Chang Fangguo. Effects of Three Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on the Cold Tolerance of Maize Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2025(3): 125–132

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外源物质Exogenous substance	处理Treatment	根鲜重RFW (g)	苗长SL (cm)	苗鲜重SFW (g)	叶面积LA (cm²)
5-ALA	NT	0.38±0.06a	23.33±0.60a	0.80±0.08a	9.78±0.70a
	H0	0.25±0.03b	13.33±0.95d	0.38±0.01c	4.77±0.91c
	H1	0.28±0.02ab	14.25±0.21cd	0.38±0.03c	4.87±0.20c
	H2	0.32±0.05ab	14.35±0.47c	0.48±0.06bc	6.11±1.04bc
	H3	0.33±0.07ab	16.76±1.35b	0.49±0.02bc	6.98±0.56b
	H4	0.28±0.06ab	16.90±1.12b	0.57±0.10b	7.13±1.16b
	H5	0.25±0.06b	15.13±1.23b	0.50±0.09bc	5.98±1.22bc
MeJA	NT	0.39±0.04a	21.70±2.21a	0.78±0.10a	9.82±0.70a
	H0	0.25±0.04c	12.43±0.92c	0.44±0.04c	4.96±0.90c
	H1	0.28±0.06bc	13.75±0.54bc	0.52±0.06bc	5.64±0.31bc
	H2	0.38±0.06ab	15.20±1.03b	0.66±0.10ac	6.76±0.80b
	H3	0.32±0.04abc	14.10±0.48bc	0.56±0.05bc	5.67±0.48bc
	H4	0.31±0.05abc	13.48±0.83bc	0.55±0.07bc	5.56±1.12bc
	H5	0.26±0.03bc	13.13±0.71bc	0.50±0.05c	5.52±0.51bc
SL	NT	0.37±0.02ab	21.83±0.57a	0.77±0.03a	9.36±0.41a
	H0	0.24±0.03d	13.78±0.40d	0.44±0.02d	5.17±0.81c
	H1	0.27±0.07cd	14.77±0.26cd	0.53±0.06cd	5.43±0.71c
	H2	0.31±0.03bcd	15.00±0.88c	0.58±0.03c	6.04±0.86bc
	H3	0.41±0.02a	16.23±0.76b	0.63±0.11bc	7.21±1.39b
	H4	0.39±0.05ab	16.98±0.40b	0.71±0.05ab	7.53±0.73b
	H5	0.33±0.02bc	16.40±0.39b	0.58±0.03b	7.32±0.38b

外源物质Exogenous substance	主成分PCA	特征值Eigenvalue	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)
5-ALA	CI (1)	4.792	59.894	59.894
	CI (2)	2.058	25.728	85.622
MeJA	CI (1)	4.975	62.186	62.186
	CI (2)	1.646	20.572	82.757
SL	CI (1)	5.073	63.413	63.413
	CI (2)	1.975	24.693	88.106

外源物质Exogenous substance	主成分PCA	SOD	POD	CAT	SP	Pro	SS	MDA	REC
5-ALA	CI (1)	0.914	0.888	0.869	0.827	0.427	0.511	-0.898	-0.691
	CI (2)	-0.103	0.180	0.110	-0.156	0.820	0.829	0.360	0.699
	W (1)	0.417	0.406	0.397	0.378	0.195	0.234	-0.410	-0.316
	W (2)	-0.072	0.125	0.076	-0.109	0.572	0.578	0.251	0.487
MeJA	CI (1)	0.912	0.923	0.937	-0.325	-0.873	-0.960	-0.659	0.434
	CI (2)	0.230	0.243	-0.160	-0.846	0.218	0.092	0.727	0.456
	W (1)	0.409	0.414	0.420	-0.146	-0.391	-0.431	-0.296	0.194
	W (2)	0.180	0.190	-0.125	-0.659	0.170	0.071	0.567	0.356
SL	CI (1)	0.876	0.828	0.932	0.639	0.538	0.571	-0.914	-0.944
	CI (2)	-0.332	-0.377	-0.206	0.602	0.765	0.785	0.253	0.231
	W (1)	0.389	0.368	0.414	0.284	0.239	0.253	-0.406	-0.419
	W (2)	-0.237	-0.268	-0.147	0.429	0.544	0.558	0.180	0.164

外源物质Exogenous substance	处理Treatment	主成分得分F (1)	主成分得分F (2)	综合评价值D	排名Ranking
5-ALA	NT	1.443	-2.542	0.2475	4
	H0	-3.799	0.055	-2.6428	7
	H1	-1.457	0.349	-0.9152	6
	H2	0.013	0.394	0.1273	5
	H3	1.448	1.281	1.3979	2
	H4	3.120	1.794	2.7222	1
	H5	1.443	-2.542	0.5932	3
	权重	0.700	0.300
MeJA	NT	1.158	-2.526	0.0528	3
	H0	-3.409	0.279	-2.3026	7
	H1	0.445	-0.151	0.2662	4
	H2	2.746	1.051	2.2375	1
	H3	1.074	0.426	0.8796	2
	H4	-0.557	0.138	-0.3485	5
	H5	-1.782	-0.383	-1.3623	6
	权重	0.776	0.224
SL	NT	1.098	-2.524	0.0114	4
	H0	-4.065	0.289	-2.7588	7
	H1	-1.862	0.360	-1.1954	6
	H2	-1.196	1.007	-0.5351	5
	H3	0.508	1.617	0.8407	2
	H4	3.572	1.686	3.0062	1
	H5	0.647	0.566	0.6227	3
	权重	0.751	0.249