Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 203-210.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.028

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Effects of Soil Available Phosphorus on Tobacco Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution

Meng Fan1(), Luo Jianxin1,*(), Cai Ye1, Yu Ying1, Yang Lei2, Zhou Wanchun2   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Hunan China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha 410014, Hunan, China
  • Received:2021-07-27 Revised:2021-09-19 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Luo Jianxin E-mail:2803000264@qq.com;1023826846@qq.com

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Abstract:

The abundance and deficiency of phosphorus in crops seriously affect their growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution. This study was conducted to explore the effects of soil available phosphorus on tobacco growth and development and dry matter accumulation and distribution, and provide a scientific basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer in the Hunan tobacco area. The pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil available phosphorus on tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution in eight tobacco-growing soils with different available phosphorus contents in Hunan province. The results showed that tobacco grew well when the soil available phosphorus content was more than 50mg/kg. When the content of available phosphorus in soil was less than 30mg/kg, it had a significant impact on the growth and development of tobacco which was characterized by the short tobacco plant, the decrease of effective leaves number, and the significant reduction of dry matter. Compared with the soil with higher available phosphorus content, the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants in the soil with lower available phosphorus content decreased by 27%-31%. When the soil with lower available phosphorus content, the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants was only 3.6% in the soil with the higher available phosphorus content. The low content of soil available phosphorus not only restricted the growth of tobacco stems and leaves but also increased the length-width ratio of tobacco leaves from 2.2 to 2.7. 76-90 days after transplanting was the fastest period of dry matter accumulation, and when the soil available phosphorus content was lower, the proportion of dry matter accumulation in this period was 55.2%-69.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the soil with high available phosphorus content. When the soil available phosphorus content was lower, the tobacco plant not only grew slowly but also the accumulation of dry matter was significantly lagged.

Key words: Tobacco, Tobacco growing soil, Phosphorus, Growth and development, Dry matter accumulation and distribution

Table 1

Changes of available phosphorus contents in the process of phosphorus depletion in the tested soils mg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 原始土壤
The original soil		 第1茬收获后土壤
The first harvest soil		 第2茬收获后土壤
The second harvest soil		 第3茬收获后土壤
The third harvest soil
T1 89.9 87.2 85.4 87.4
T2 87.0 87.4 87.1 86.0
T3 68.7 57.6 55.5 58.0
T4 41.9 34.3 35.1 29.9
T5 36.1 25.4 24.4 23.7
T6 34.4 19.6 20.9 14.9
T7 135.3 113.9 111.3 103.8
T8 108.4 94.5 89.2 87.3

Table 2

Main agrochemical properties of the tested soils"

处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g/kg)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus (mg/kg)		 pH
T1 23.26 1.49 0.94 87.4 6.70
T2 27.98 1.88 0.91 86.0 7.46
T3 19.59 1.41 1.02 58.0 7.56
T4 21.58 1.42 0.95 29.9 7.09
T5 15.36 0.98 0.67 23.7 4.93
T6 13.25 1.02 1.04 14.9 5.86
T7 26.12 1.70 1.50 103.8 6.64
T8 26.83 1.71 1.37 87.3 7.01

Fig.1

Changes of soil available phosphorus content during tobacco growth Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05)"

Fig.2

Effects of different available phosphorus contents on agronomic characteristics of tobacco"

Fig.3

Dry matter mass of tobacco at different growth stages"

Table 3

Dry matter accumulation and accumulation ratio of tobacco at different growth stages"

处理
Treatment		 积累量（g/株）Accumulation (g/plant) 积累比例Accumulation ratio (%)
0~30d 31~45d 46~60d 61~75d 76~90d 总量Total 0~30d 31~45d 46~60d 61~75d 76~90d
T1 1.16 2.28 12.32 17.10 23.61 56.47 2.1 4.0 21.8 30.3 41.8
T2 1.09 2.06 11.00 15.13 22.05 51.33 2.1 4.0 21.4 29.5 43.0
T3 1.24 1.93 9.91 13.29 21.01 47.38 2.6 4.0 20.5 28.0 44.3
T4 0.98 1.77 2.51 7.40 28.46 41.12 2.4 4.3 6.1 18.0 69.2
T5 1.29 2.44 3.08 10.67 21.52 39.00 3.3 6.3 7.9 27.4 55.2
T6 0.90 0.42 0.39 -1.01 1.32 2.02 44.6 20.8 19.3 -50.0 65.4
T7 1.16 0.90 10.06 8.72 18.43 39.27 3.0 2.3 25.6 22.2 46.9
T8 1.16 2.20 10.61 15.52 20.44 49.93 2.3 4.4 21.3 31.1 41.0

Table 4

"

处理Treatment 0~30d 31~45d 46~60d 61~75d 76~90d
T1 0.04 0.15 0.82 1.14 1.57
T2 0.04 0.14 0.73 1.01 1.47
T3 0.04 0.13 0.66 0.89 1.40
T4 0.03 0.12 0.17 0.49 1.90
T5 0.04 0.16 0.21 0.71 1.43
T6 0.03 0.03 0.03 -0.07 0.09
T7 0.04 0.06 0.67 0.58 1.23
T8 0.04 0.15 0.71 1.03 1.36

Fig.4

Distribution proportion of tobacco dry matter in each organ"

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