Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 199-204.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.028

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Effects of Tillage Methods on Sowing Quality, Yield and Benefit of Wheat

Zhou Jihong1(), Wang Junying1, Meng Fanyu1, Tong Guoxiang2, Mei Li1, Liu Guoming3, Wang Yan3, Luo Jun2, Xie Chunyuan2   

  1. 1Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China
    2Beijing Fangshan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 102446, China
    3Beijing Shunyi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
  • Received:2021-04-10 Revised:2021-07-26 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22

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Abstract:

In order to define tillage methods and soil preparation on wheat seeding quality, yield and benefit, seven kinds of tillage methods, rotary tillage two times, deep loosening + rotary tillage, heavy harrow + rotary tillage, ploughing + light harrow, ploughing + rotary tillage, harrow tillage + ploughing + light harrow and heavy harrow + ploughing + rotary tillage (CK), were carried out. The results showed that among the seven tillage methods, the straw content of CK was less, and the straw contents of the soil surface and 0-20cm soil layer were 27.5% and 28.6% less than those of other treatments, respectively. The soil and straw were mixed evenly, and the soil bulk density per 5cm in 0-20cm soil layer was 30.5% lower than that in other treatments. The seeding depth was suitable with an average of 3.9cm. The emergence quality of seedlings was good, and ridge breaking of seedlings was reduced by 25.7% compared with other treatments. The seedlings dispersion was consistent, and the mean range shrank by 39.0%. CK treatment had the largest number of ears (6.705×106 per hectare), the best output (7966.5kg/ha), and the highest benefit (9051.0 yuan/ha), all of which were much higher than other treatments. Except for rotary tillage (two times) and deep loosening + rotary tillage, there was no significant yield difference among the other treatments in silage maize plot, but the tillage method of ploughing + rotary tillage had the highest yield of 8133.0kg/ha and the highest benefit of 9894.0 yuan/ha, the benefit was significantly higher than that of the other treatments.

Key words: Wheat, Ploughing and land preparation, Sowing quality, Yield, Benefit

Table 1

Change of soil straw contents under different tillage methods g"

处理
Treatment		 地表
Land
surface		 土层深度Soil depth
0~5cm 5~10cm 10~15cm 15~20cm
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 3.43 3.61 3.98 1.74 1.18
深松+旋耕DL+R 2.27 2.65 2.23 1.20 1.61
重耙+旋耕HH+R 2.08 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.22
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 0.73 1.43 1.38 1.29 1.10
翻耕+旋耕T+R 2.18 1.56 1.57 1.44 1.29
重耙+翻耕+轻耙
HH+T+LH		 1.49 1.64 1.54 1.35 1.41
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 0.97 1.31 1.25 1.08 1.06
平均Mean 1.88 1.97 1.93 1.38 1.27
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 9.42 12.14 11.75 3.82 3.25
深松+旋耕DL+R 10.23 13.75 10.52 4.43 5.04
重耙+旋耕HH+R 5.26 5.86 5.45 3.22 3.10
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 7.84 7.65 7.62 6.23 3.90
翻耕+旋耕T+R 5.31 4.87 4.80 4.76 3.56
重耙+翻耕+轻耙
HH+T+LH		 5.22 5.47 3.95 3.55 3.75
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 5.23 5.28 3.97 3.98 3.73
平均Mean 6.93 7.86 6.87 4.28 3.76

Table 2

Soil moisture contents under different tillage methods %"

处理
Treatment		 土层深度Soil depth
0~5cm 5~10cm 10~15cm 15~20cm
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 6.9 11.4 11.2 11.6
深松+旋耕DL+R 7.8 10.1 10.8 11.4
重耙+旋耕HH+R 6.5 10.6 10.9 11.7
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 5.5 10.7 11.5 14.6
翻耕+旋耕T+R 6.2 10.4 10.8 11.3
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 5.6 10.6 11.2 11.5
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 5.6 10.5 11.1 11.4
平均Mean 6.3 10.6 11.1 11.9
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 4.1 9.7 10.0 11.1
深松+旋耕DL+R 4.0 8.0 10.2 11.0
重耙+旋耕HH+R 4.8 8.5 10.1 10.5
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 5.0 8.4 10.3 11.0
翻耕+旋耕T+R 4.4 8.9 10.0 10.6
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 4.6 8.8 10.3 10.5
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 4.7 8.7 10.7 11.1
平均Mean 4.5 8.7 10.2 10.8

Table 3

Changes of soil bulk density under different tillage methods g/cm3"

处理
Treatment		 土层深度Soil depth
0~5cm 5~10cm 10~15cm 15~20cm
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7
深松+旋耕DL+R 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
重耙+旋耕HH+R 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.7
翻耕+旋耕T+R 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6
平均Mean 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.7
深松+旋耕DL+R 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.5
重耙+旋耕HH+R 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.5
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4
翻耕+旋耕T+R 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3
平均Mean 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5

Table 4

"

处理
Treatment		 标准差
Standard
deviation		 平均值
Average		 变异系数
Coefficient of
variation (%)		 极差
Range
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 2.9 21.3 13.53 5.0
深松+旋耕DL+R 3.2 18.7 17.22 6.0
重耙+旋耕HH+R 2.1 23.7 8.80 4.0
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 1.5 26.3 5.80 3.0
翻耕+旋耕T+R 1.0 26.0 3.85 2.0
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 1.5 23.3 6.55 3.0
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 1.5 29.3 5.21 3.0
平均Mean 2.0 24.1 8.71 3.7
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 5.8 21.3 27.06 10.0
深松+旋耕DL+R 5.9 21.7 27.04 11.0
重耙+旋耕HH+R 3.1 23.7 12.91 6.0
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 6.1 26.0 23.40 11.0
翻耕+旋耕T+R 3.1 20.3 15.02 6.0
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 2.5 22.3 11.27 5.0
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 2.5 20.7 12.18 5.0
平均Mean 4.1 22.3 18.40 7.7

Table 5

Effects of different tillage methods on sowing depth, ridging and dead seedling and dead stem of wheat"

处理
Treatment		 播深
Sowing depth
(cm)		 缺苗断垄长度
The length of seedling shortage
and ridge breaking (cm)		 缺垄断苗比例
The proportion of seedling
shortage and ridge breaking (%)		 死苗率
Dead plants
proportion (%)		 死茎率
Death stalks
proportion (%)
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 3.2 38.3 19.2 5.0 12.0
深松+旋耕DL+R 3.6 40.8 20.4 4.0 10.0
重耙+旋耕HH+R 4.0 36.1 18.1 3.5 10.0
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 4.1 33.0 16.5 2.0 7.0
翻耕+旋耕T+R 4.1 31.4 15.7 1.5 5.0
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 4.0 28.6 14.3 0.5 5.0
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 4.2 18.3 9.2 1.0 3.0
平均Mean 3.9 32.4 16.2 2.5 7.4
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 2.9 63.3 31.7 10.0 29.0
深松+旋耕DL+R 2.8 58.5 29.3 13.0 31.0
重耙+旋耕HH+R 3.3 45.3 22.7 13.0 26.0
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 3.5 51.8 25.9 2.0 7.5
翻耕+旋耕T+R 3.6 40.8 20.4 1.5 6.0
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 3.8 28.8 14.4 1.5 7.0
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 3.9 35.8 17.9 1.6 5.0
平均Mean 3.4 46.3 23.2 6.1 15.9

Table 6

Effects of different tillage methods on wheat yield and benefit"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Ear number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产值
（元/hm2）
Output value
(yuan/hm2)		 总成本
（元/hm2）
Total cost
(yuan/hm2)		 农机成本（元/hm2）
Agricultural
machinery
cost (yuan/hm2)		 效益
（元/hm2）
Benefit
(yuan/hm2)
青贮玉米地Silage corn field
旋耕2次R 675.0c 29.8a 39.7a 6766.5c 1064.6 9150 1950 6819.0g
深松+旋耕DL+R 693.0c 29.4a 39.7a 6867.0bc 1080.4 9300 2100 6906.0f
重耙+旋耕HH+R 750.0ab 29.6a 39.3a 7434.0abc 1169.6 9150 1950 8394.0e
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 735.0b 30.4a 40.0a 7600.5ab 1195.8 9300 2100 8637.0d
翻耕+旋耕T+R 780.0a 30.3a 40.5a 8133.0a 1279.6 9300 2100 9894.0a
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 781.5a 29.0a 39.5a 8005.5a 1259.5 9750 2550 9142.5c
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 771.0ab 30.6a 40.0a 8034.0a 1264.0 9750 2550 9210.0b
籽粒玉米地Grain corn field
旋耕2次R 577.5d 29.7bc 39.0ab 6675.0e 1050.2 9150 1950 6603.0g
深松+旋耕DL+R 592.5c 29.8bc 38.5b 6771.0de 1065.3 9300 2100 6679.5f
重耙+旋耕HH+R 592.5c 29.5bc 39.0ab 6822.0d 1073.3 9150 1950 6949.5e
翻耕+轻耙T+LH 595.5c 30.1ab 39.6a 7101.0c 1117.2 9300 2100 7458.0c
翻耕+旋耕T+R 594.0c 30.2ab 39.0ab 6996.0c 1100.7 9300 2100 7210.5d
重耙+翻耕+轻耙HH+T+LH 645.0b 29.3c 39.2ab 7405.5b 1165.1 9750 2550 7726.5b
重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK） 670.5a 30.5a 38.9ab 7966.5a 1253.4 9750 2550 9051.0a
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