Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 193-198.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.027

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Effects of Different New Type Fertilizers on Wheat Photosynthetic Characteristics, Canopy Structure and Yield

Yu Guoyi1(), Kong Lingcong2, Zhang Liang1, Wei Zhi2, Wang Yongjiu1, Wang Zhi2, Du Xiangbei2()   

  1. 1Anhui Wanken Seed Industry Company Limited, Hefei 230061, Anhui, China
    2Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • Received:2021-04-12 Revised:2021-07-19 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Du Xiangbei E-mail:417519709@126.com;duxiangbei@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of different new fertilizers and provide a basis for reasonable fertilizer selection in production. The experiment was carried out in Longkang Farm, Huaiyuan County, Anhui province, using the wheat variety Yannong 19 as the material. A total of seven different fertilizer treatments were setted: common fertilizers, maintenance fertilizers, active synergistic fertilizers, activated carbon fertilizers, active plain fertilizers, soil conditioners + conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization. Different fertilizer treatments were investigated for their effects on wheat canopy structure, light interception, flag leaf photosynthetic properties, yield, and its components. The results showed that compared to the conventional fertilization treatment, the new type fertilizer treatments enhanced wheat yield by 4.4%-10.2%, with the active synergistic fertilizer treatment having the highest yield. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the new fertilizer treatments enhanced the wheat flag leaf SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, canopy LAI, and light interception. Finally, the novel fertilizer have the benefit of improving wheat productivity and fertilizer efficiency, and particularly the activated synergistic fertilizer may be employed as the ideal scheme for scientific wheat fertilization under production settings.

Key words: New type fertilizer, Wheat, Yield, Canopy structure

Table 1

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on grain yield and its components and biomass of wheat"

生长季
Growing
season		 处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
Grains number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Spike density
(×104/hm2)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 生物量
Biomass
(kg/hm2)
2018-2019 普通化肥 35.8b 43.1a 480.2b 7 323.6c 16 908.1c
保持肥 38.1a 44.2a 507.3a 8 483.8ab 19 682.4ab
活性增效肥 38.5a 45.0a 505.5ab 8 711.2a 20 149.7a
活性炭肥 37.6ab 43.1a 496.5ab 8 091.9b 18 794.3b
活性素肥 37.5ab 44.3a 504.6ab 8 320.1ab 19 416.5ab
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 37.5ab 44.6a 507.8a 8 304.5ab 19 306.3ab
习惯施肥 36.6ab 43.7a 493.9ab 7 816.7b 18 204.1c
变异系数CV (%) 2.43 1.66 2.01 5.66 5.73
2019-2020 普通化肥 35.6b 42.7a 479.1b 7 148.5c 16 574.6c
保持肥 38.3a 43.5a 496.5a 8 151.6ab 18 911.7ab
活性增效肥 38.6a 43.4a 504.8a 8 477.5a 19 783.6a
活性炭肥 37.7ab 43.8a 495.6a 8 195.3ab 19 013.1a
活性素肥 37.6ab 43.7a 496.5a 8 209.2ab 19 287.2a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 37.6ab 43.1a 499.2a 8 023.3ab 18 614.1b
习惯施肥 36.7ab 43.0a 492.4ab 7 778.9b 18 146.8b
变异系数CV (%) 2.74 0.92 1.60 5.37 5.57

Table 2

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on LAI of wheat"

生长季
Growing season		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 孕穗期
Booting stage		 开花期
Anthesis		 花后20d
20 days after anthesis
2018-2019 普通化肥 3.40a 5.93b 6.64b 2.08c
保持肥 3.20a 6.16ab 6.96ab 2.87ab
活性增效肥 3.44a 6.24a 7.08a 2.95a
活性炭肥 3.52a 6.20a 6.84b 2.79ab
活性素肥 3.44a 6.15ab 6.66b 2.95a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 3.28a 6.33a 6.95ab 2.87ab
习惯施肥 3.28a 6.28a 6.72b 2.71b
2019-2020 普通化肥 3.28a 5.43b 6.14b 1.95c
保持肥 3.04a 5.92a 6.48ab 2.62b
活性增效肥 3.20a 5.96a 6.60a 2.87a
活性炭肥 3.28a 5.88a 6.44ab 2.62b
活性素肥 3.04a 5.79a 6.36ab 2.71a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 3.28a 5.82a 6.48ab 2.79a
习惯施肥 3.04a 5.53b 6.28ab 2.54b

Table 3

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on canopy light interception rates of wheat %"

生长季
Growing season		 处理
Treatment		 起身期
Rising stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 孕穗期
Booting stage		 开花期
Anthesis		 花后20d
20 days after anthesis
2018-2019 普通化肥 78.9a 95.6a 85.6b 60.1b 31.6c
保持肥 80.7a 97.8a 89.6ab 67.9ab 45.3ab
活性增效肥 81.6a 98.1a 94.3a 73.7a 48.7a
活性炭肥 79.8a 96.9a 91.8a 68.9ab 43.1ab
活性素肥 82.1a 98.4a 92.4a 70.5a 47.4a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 81.4a 95.6a 89.9ab 66.4ab 46.5ab
习惯施肥 78.7a 96.4a 89.3ab 64.6ab 42.4b
2019-2020 普通化肥 68.8a 93.9a 84.6a 59.3b 29.7c
保持肥 70.9a 96.9a 86.5a 64.0a 36.8ab
活性增效肥 77.4a 99.1a 89.3a 65.5a 40.9a
活性炭肥 76.5a 97.4a 88.6a 63.4a 37.6ab
活性素肥 75.8a 96.4a 87.9a 63.1a 36.9ab
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 74.6a 98.2a 86.0a 64.3a 35.5ab
习惯施肥 71.6a 94.2a 86.4a 65.2a 33.6b

Table 4

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on flag leaf SPAD of wheat"

生长季Growing season 处理Treatment 孕穗期Booting stage 开花期Anthesis 花后20d 20 days after anthesis
2018-2019 普通化肥 49.9b 54.3b 39.5c
保持肥 54.5a 59.8a 46.4ab
活性增效肥 52.6a 59.9a 48.5a
活性炭肥 51.2ab 56.8b 45.7b
活性素肥 55.0a 58.2ab 43.6b
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 53.1ab 58.5ab 46.2ab
习惯施肥 49.7b 56.1b 41.1bc
2019-2020 普通化肥 50.9b 48.7b 38.2c
保持肥 53.6a 56.5a 46.2a
活性增效肥 55.3a 58.6a 47.7a
活性炭肥 55.1a 58.9a 48.6a
活性素肥 53.6a 56.6a 46.7a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 53.7a 59.4a 45.3a
习惯施肥 48.5c 50.9b 42.1b

Table 5

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on flag leaf Pn of wheat μmol CO2/(m2·s)"

生长季
Growing
season		 处理
Treatment		 开花期
Anthesis		 花后20d
20 days after
anthesis
2018-2019 普通化肥 23.9b 10.6b
保持肥 27.6a 12.3a
活性增效肥 27.0a 12.0a
活性炭肥 26.6a 11.9a
活性素肥 27.3a 12.3a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 27.2a 12.1a
习惯施肥 25.1ab 10.4b
2019-2020 普通化肥 23.0b 9.5b
保持肥 24.8ab 10.8a
活性增效肥 25.9a 10.6a
活性炭肥 25.3a 11.3a
活性素肥 24.6ab 10.6a
土壤改良剂+习惯施肥 25.9a 11.7a
习惯施肥 22.7b 9.0b

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between canopy photosynthetic characteristics and wheat yield components"

指标Index 穗粒数
Grains number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 穗数
Spike number		 产量
Yield		 生物量
Biomass
平均光能截获率Mean canopy light interception 0.626* 0.819** 0.810** 0.804** 0.789**
平均叶面积指数Mean leaf area index 0.631* 0.778** 0.803** 0.766** 0.743**
旗叶平均SPAD值Mean flag leaf SPAD 0.858** 0.622* 0.827** 0.898** 0.888**
旗叶平均Pn Mean flag leaf Pn 0.659* 0.724** 0.804** 0.754** 0.729**
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