Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 99-110.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.012

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Effects of Intercropping of Varieties with Different Maturity Stages on Grain Dehydration Performance and Grain Weight of Maize after Physiological Maturity

Li Zesong1(), Xiao Shanshan1, Zhang Yifei1,2(), Li Guibin1, Lu Yuxin1, Liu Haichen1, Chen Zhongxu1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University / Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-01-23 Revised:2024-04-11 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

In order to examine the characteristics of changes in grain moisture content, dehydration rate, and grain weight of maize varieties with different maturity stages in intercropping patterns during the period of dewatering of stalks in field after physiological maturity, three different varieties of maize were used as experimental materials: Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335), and Dongnong 264 (DN264). The main treatment involved intercropping a shorter growth period variety (DN264) with two longer growth varieties (ZD958 and XY335), namely (Z‖D) and (X‖D). The subtreatments were different numbers of rows of intercropping, namely 6:6, 4:4, 2:2, 1:1, 0:1, and 1:0, with the monocrops of each variety (0:1, 1:0) as control treatments. The results showed that with the decreasing of the number of intercropped rows, the fertility period of varieties with long fertility periods showed a tendency to shorten, while the fertility period of varieties with short fertility periods showed a tendency to lengthen; the moisture contents of grains after physiological maturity of varieties with longer growth period gradually decreased, the dehydration rate of grains accelerated, and the cumulative temperature required to reach the standard of machine harvesting was reduced, while the varieties with shorter growth period showed the opposite trend, but differences was no significant compared with that of their monocropping. From 2021 to 2022, the average grain moisture content of Z‖D-(6:6-1:1) and X‖D-(6:6-1:1) decreased by 10.08%-17.54% compared with that of single cropping. The intercropping of maize varieties with different maturity could also increase the grain weight of the varieties with long maturity and reach the maximum under 1:1 treatment, while the grain weight of the varieties with short maturity had a tendency to decrease; the correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the 100-grain weight of the maize varieties with different maturity and the moisture content. The extension of the number of days with standing stalks in the field could effectively reduce the average moisture content of grains during harvest period in the intercropping composite population as the number of days of field stationing of the stalks was extended, and there was no significant effect on grain weight.

Key words: Maize, Varieties with different maturity, Intercropping, Dehydration performance, Grain weight

Table 1

Variety characteristics"

品种
Variety		 选育单位
Breeding unit		 生育期
Growing period (d)		 有效积温需求
Effective accumulated temperature demand (℃)		 籽粒类型
Grain type
郑单958 ZD958 河南农业科学院粮食作物研究所 128 2750 半马齿型
先玉335 XY335 铁岭先锋种子有限公司 127 2650 半硬粒型
东农264 DN264 东北农业大学 122 2550 马齿型

Fig.1

Day-by-day temperature and daily precipitation variations during maize growth period from 2021 to 2022"

Fig.2

The growth period of varieties of each maturity under intercropping conditions"

Table 2

Grain moisture contents and dehydration rates of varieties with various maturity stages under intercropping conditions"

年份
Year		 间作处理
Intercropping
treatment		 间作行数
Intercropping
rows		 生理成熟期含水率
Moisture content in physiological
maturity stage (%)		 收获期含水率
Moisture content
in harvest period (%)		 生理成熟后平均脱水速率
Average dehydration rate after
physiological maturity [%/(℃·d)]
LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV
2021 Z‖D 1:00 36.99a － 31.61a － 0.0195c －
6:06 36.27b 31.17ab 30.43b 22.06a 0.0207bc 0.0228a
4:04 35.86c 31.55ab 29.84c 22.52a 0.0213abc 0.0223a
2:02 35.36d 31.79ab 28.84d 23.42a 0.0218ab 0.0220a
1:01 34.68e 32.28a 28.01e 24.12a 0.0223a 0.0216a
0:01 － 30.71b － 21.02a － 0.0242a
X‖D 1:00 34.79a － 28.65a － 0.0221c －
6:06 34.41b 30.96a 27.73b 21.81ab 0.0224bc 0.0241a
4:04 33.81c 31.32a 27.06c 22.38ab 0.0226abc 0.0239a
2:02 33.28d 31.53a 26.08d 23.21ab 0.0227ab 0.0236a
1:01 32.68e 32.01a 25.26e 23.74a 0.0234a 0.0233a
0:01 － 30.71a － 21.02b － 0.0242a
2022 Z‖D 1:00 37.61a － 32.32a － 0.0188c －
6:06 37.24b 31.64a 31.67b 24.31ab 0.0189bc 0.0211a
4:04 36.67c 31.85a 30.99c 24.72ab 0.0193abc 0.0206a
2:02 36.14d 32.21a 30.01d 25.61ab 0.0199ab 0.0198a
1:01 35.61e 32.41a 29.38e 26.09a 0.0202a 0.0195a
0:01 － 31.15a － 23.13b － 0.0225a
X‖D 1:00 35.31a － 29.36a － 0.0203c －
6:06 34.96b 31.44ab 28.61b 24.19ab 0.0206c 0.0220a
4:04 34.42c 31.75ab 27.94c 24.68ab 0.0210bc 0.0214a
2:02 33.99d 32.16ab 26.93d 25.58ab 0.0219b 0.0205a
1:01 33.68e 32.55a 26.27e 26.06a 0.0230a 0.0196a
0:01 － 31.15b － 23.13b － 0.0225a
F值F-value
年份Year (Y) 936.89** 4.29* 5438.61** 33.33** 99.50** 7.23**
品种Variety (V) 6432.44** 0.33 46 683.22** 0.1 112.03** 0.95
间作行数Intercropping rows (IR) 782.64** 5.37** 7298.84** 7.13** 21.31** 0.96
Y×V 18.83** 0.14 93.90** 0.04 3.13 0.14
Y×IR 6.26** 0.03 33.95** 0.01 0.25 0.08
V×IR 3.52* 0.03 0.91 0.01 0.53 0.07
Y×V×IR 3.25* 0.03 6.24** 0.01 0.77 0.01

Fig.3

Average grain moisture contents at harvest stage in intercropping composite groups The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.4

Dehydration rates of grains at various stages after physiological maturity of various maturity varieties under intercropping conditions"

Table 3

Logistic Power model fitting results after physiological maturity of various maturity varieties under intercropping conditions"

年份
Year		 间作处理
Intercropping treatment		 间作行数
Intercropping rows		 b c R2 S-28AT (℃·d) S-25AT (℃·d)
LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV LGPV SGPV
2021 Z‖D 1:0 917.32 － 1.725 － 0.992 － 331 － 473 －
6:6 901.43 785.91 1.747 1.865 0.986 0.994 307 138 443 246
4:4 886.08 794.27 1.746 1.872 0.987 0.995 283 149 418 258
2:2 854.63 816.27 1.701 1.924 0.991 0.994 265 158 400 266
1:1 839.60 827.47 1.701 1.919 0.992 0.995 241 177 373 286
0:1 － 754.44 － 1.812 － 0.997 － 119 － 228
X‖D 1:0 904.98 － 1.803 － 0.990 － 293 － 424 －
6:6 878.12 761.11 1.742 1.800 0.985 0.997 287 133 420 243
4:4 866.44 768.67 1.732 1.803 0.985 0.997 272 144 405 255
2:2 852.24 798.29 1.806 1.869 0.99 0.993 234 156 357 266
1:1 837.69 810.41 1.805 1.875 0.989 0.993 212 173 333 284
0:1 － 754.44 － 1.812 － 0.997 － 119 － 228
2022 Z‖D 1:0 893.10 － 1.718 － 0.984 － 358 － 497 －
6:6 868.40 768.40 1.663 1.836 0.981 0.997 347 151 489 259
4:4 851.65 777.99 1.653 1.854 0.982 0.996 324 161 465 269
2:2 830.27 792.08 1.68 1.850 0.974 0.996 288 177 422 287
1:1 817.15 800.32 1.687 1.840 0.977 0.995 265 192 396 305
0:1 － 745.02 － 1.832 － 0.996 － 126 － 231
X‖D 1:0 869.88 － 1.724 － 0.992 － 326 － 461 －
6:6 852.62 757.41 1.764 1.825 0.992 0.996 294 141 422 249
4:4 838.55 768.76 1.755 1.838 0.992 0.995 275 155 401 263
2:2 820.44 783.79 1.734 1.843 0.993 0.995 260 172 386 282
1:1 802.65 795.07 1.738 1.837 0.993 0.995 231 191 354 303
0:1 － 745.02 － 1.832 － 0.996 － 126 － 231

Fig.5

Changes of 100-grain weight at various stages of physiological maturity of varieties with various maturity stages under intercropping conditions"

Fig.6

Relationship between grain moisture content and 100-grain weight after physiological maturity of different maturity varieties under various intercropping ratios NS indicates no significant correlation."

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