Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 1-6.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.04.001

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Implementing Higher Population and Full Mechanization Technologies to Achieve High Yield and High Efficiency in Maize Production

Li Shaokun1,Wang Keru1,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1,Yang Xiaoxia2,Han Dongsheng2,Wang Yuhua2   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China
    2 71st regiment,4th division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Xinyuan 835801,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2016-07-12 Revised:2016-07-17 Online:2016-08-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

In order to explore the transformation of the production mode, and achieve high yield and high efficiency of maize, we analyzed the relationship between the increases of planting density and yield of maize, present situation of planting density and yield increasing effects of increasing planting density in different areas, and advantages of grain mechanical harvest technique. We built higher population, high yield, and full mechanization production technology based on cultivars of lodging resistance under high planting density and suitable for mechanized production, and high planting density and high spike, and high population uniformity and quality, and full mechanization, and large-scale planting and unified management, and total cost accounting. This technology was selected as the national main maize push technology by Ministry of Agriculture. It was expanded in 71 st farm of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops which created a high yield record of 18 414kg/hm 2 at a large scale and profit of 24 118.2 yuan/hm 2 and high yield and high efficiency were achieved. It provides a typical case for maize production transformation and development of modern maize production.

Key words: Maize, Higher population, Grain mechanical harvest, High yield and high efficiency, Mode

Fig.1

Maize planting density and yield variation in China and America Data source: Literature 2-4 and field surveys"

Table 1

Yield test of maize in different maize regions in 2015"

区域Regions 调查样本数Simple size 收获株数(株/hm2)Harvest plants
东华北春玉米区Spring sowing maize district in North and Northeast of China 64个县（市）、1 479户 59 075
黄淮海夏玉米区Summer sowing maize district in Huang-huai-hai plain 59个县（市）、1 418户 49 850
西北玉米区Maize district in Northwest of China 30个县（市）、720户 65 177
西南及南方玉米区Maize district in Southwest and South of China 50个县（市）、1 176户 50 690
平均 Average - 58 979

Table 2

Yield performance of maize under high planting density in different regions"

区域Regions 试验点次Simple size 传统生产密度处理(kg/hm2)
Normal plant density treatment		 增密处理(kg/hm2)
Higher population treatment		 增产幅度(%)
Yield increase rate
东华北春玉米区
Spring sowing maize district in North and Northeast of China		 271
 11 923
 12 502
 4.9
黄淮海夏玉米区
Summer sowing maize district in Huang-huai-hai plain		 130
 8 715
 9 106
 4.5
西南及南方玉米区
Maize district in Southwest and South of China		 69
 7 150
 7 930
 10.9
西北灌溉玉米区
Irrigated maize district in Northwest of China		 45
 15 392
 17 049
 10.8

Table 3

Maximum grain yields per unit area were reached in recent years"

年份Year 单产Yield(kg/hm2) 收获穗数Harvest ears(穗/hm2) 品种Varieties 地点Sites 备注Notes
2013 21 508.8 98 096 晋单73 新疆71团 全国高产纪录
2013 22 676.1 133 614 登海618 新疆奇台总场 全国高产纪录
2014 20 359.4 90 654 晋单73 宁夏永宁 宁夏高产纪录
2014 21 876.0 103 099 陕单618 陕西定边 陕西高产纪录
2014 21 135.2 113 130 登海618 新疆奇台总场 当年新疆最高单产
2014 19 280.7 109 753 DK517 甘肃凉州区 甘肃高产纪录
2014 18 639.0 89 550 良玉99 黑龙江肇东 当年黑龙江最高单产
2015 20 431.1 85 465 京科968 新疆71团 当年全国最高单产

Table 4

Yield and yield component of maize in field of higher population and full mechanization in 71st farm, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops"

项目Items 2012年 2014年 增减
Increase or
decrease		 增减比例(%)
Rate of increase or decrease
平均值
Average		 变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 变幅
Range
收获穗数Harvest ears(穗/hm2) 92 700±10 245 75 000~122 130 106 530±10 095 89 070~131 415 +13 830 14.9
出鲜子率Fresh kernel rate(%) 81.5±2.0 78.3~85.6 83.9±3.0 76.7~87.2 +2.4 2.7
子粒含水量Grain water content(%) 26.3±3.0 22.0~32.6 28.5±3.0 24.2~35.8 +2.2 11.5
单穗重Single ear weight(g) 182.0±21.0 138.0~225.0 174.2±19.0 138.5~214.6 -7.8 -4.3
折14%水分产量Actual yield(kg/hm2) 1 6701±1 155 14 058~19 731 18 414±1 290 15 344~21 185 +1 713 10.3

Table 5

Operation link and cost income of maize in field of higher population and full mechanization in 71st farm,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops"

项目Items 数值Value
成本Cost 机械作业 犁地 420.0
(元/hm2) Mechanical operation 施全层肥 97.5
整地 第一遍 285.0
第二遍 195.0
播种 135.0
喷药（化除） 27.0
喷药（化控） 27.0
中耕 第一遍 97.5
第二遍 112.5
开沟 97.5
开毛渠 30.0
收割 1 125.0
拉运 277.5
粉碎秸杆 255.0
切地 172.5
小计 3 354.0
种子Seed 金额 1 518.0
肥料Fertilizer 磷酸二铵 1 755.0
尿素 1 071.0
小计 2 826.0
灌溉(渠水) Irrigation 502.5
农药Pestcide 67.2
保险Insurance 378.0
雇工劳务费Labour 675.0
其他Others 0
合计 9 320.7
土地费Cost of land(元/hm2) 2 468.40
经营费用Operating cost(元/hm2) 11 789.10
玉米单产Yield per hectare(kg/hm2) 18 414.00
产品单价Price of maize grain(元/kg) 1.95
产值Gross income(元/hm2) 35 907.30
净利润Net profit(元/hm2) 24 118.20
成本产品率Cost product rate(kg/元) 1.56
成本产值率Cost income rate(元/元) 3.05
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