Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 37-43.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.006

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The Application of Agricultural Information Technology in Wheat Breeding

Wang Junchan,Gao Zhifu,Li Dongsheng,Zhu Dongmei,Wu Hongya   

  1. Lixiahe Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2017-12-04 Revised:2018-04-20 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20

Abstract:

As one of the three major grain crops in China, wheat has been increasingly demanded in the market. However, with the change of climate and other factors, the yield and quality of wheat will be severely tested and more new excellent varieties are needed. In recent years, the main breeding of wheat in China is still dominated by traditional breeding techniques. By virtue of the experience of breeders,the pressure of selecting new high yield, multi resistance and excellent quality varieties from massive breeding populations becomes bigger and bigger. There is a urgent need of the effective means to enhance the breeding process. With the continuous improvement of agricultural information technology in crop breeding,it is possible to make non-destructive forecasting and process information management. The research progresses of information technology in wheat breeding are introduced from four aspects: breeding process management, data collection, comprehensive evaluation decision making and information management of germplasm resources. The main problems and how to realize information breeding are analyzed and the application is prospected.

Key words: Wheat, Breeding, Agricultural information technology, Data collection, Totally evaluation

Table 1

Wheat traits measuring equipment (2012-2016)"

设备Equipment 用途Function 测定项目Item for measurement
叶片形态测量仪(AI-YPXT-01) 辅助小麦抗病性分析和鉴定 叶面积、长度、宽度,病斑面积
麦穗形态测量仪(AI-MSXT-01) 获取麦穗形态参数 穗长、小穗数
茎秆强度测定仪(AI-JGQD-02) 快速、直观评价小麦抗倒伏能力 抗倒伏性能等级
考种数粒仪(AI-KZ-01) 快速考种 子粒千粒重、形态等
便携式LVF光谱仪(AI-GPY-02) 高光效育种材料筛选、长势监测 诊断叶绿素、氮素、水分含量
穗层温度湿度监控测量仪(AI-GPY-05) 抗旱性的高通量快速筛选 热成像获取冠层温度分布图
小麦穗数测量仪 单位面积穗数测量工具,辅助快速测产 热成像获取小麦冠层温度分布图,数字处理提取麦穗数量

Table 2

Three kinds of comprehensive evaluation methods of wheat variety breeding"

综合评判方法Comprehensive evaluation method 特点Character 应用Application
模糊综合评判:运用模糊数学原理分析和评价具有“模糊性”事物的系统分析方法,是一种以模糊推理为主的定性与定量相结合、精确与非精确相统一的分析评判方法 不是就产量单项指标进行评判来进行品种的选育,而是对多个性状进行综合评判来确定品种的优劣,模糊综合评判法可以全面、综合、定量地评价新品种的优劣,为品种审定推广提供可靠的理论依据 品种选育[32,33,34,35]
黏虫发生量[36]
品种(系)抗旱性[37,38]
产量与耗水量[39]
DTOPSIS法相对接近度分析:将各参试品种的主要经济性状综合为一个具有可比性的量化指标,对农作物的品种试验结果分析更为简便。借助于多目标决策理想解和负理想解去排序 把每一个性状指标都量化为可比较的规范化标准,且对每一指标都找出其理想解和负理想解,能详细地比较各指标间的差异,能使品种的综合性状这一模糊指标量化为该品种对理想解的相对接近度,为育种者提供客观量化标准,客观全面地反映品种的优劣,比仅仅用产量进行分析更为合理 新品种综合评价[40]
灰色关联度分析:根据因素之间发展趋势的相似或相异程度,亦即“灰色关联度”,作为衡量因素间关联程度的一种方法 与等权关联度排序相比,加权关联度排序的评估结果更能反映品种(系)产量等多个性状的实际表现 新品种(系)的选育和确切评价以及品种审定[41,42]

Table 3

Germplasm resources management platforms"

国家Country 平台Platform 藏种数量The number of resource (×104)
美国 种质资源信息网(GRIN) 46
国际作物信息平台(ICIS) -
澳大利亚 植物遗传信息系统(AusPGRIS) 13
加拿大 植物遗传信息网络 9.8
日本 作物种质资源信息系统(EXIS) 9
丹麦、挪威、芬兰、瑞典、冰岛 作物种质资源数据库 -
中国 农作物种质资源数据库系统(CGRIS) 37
中国作物种质资源信息共享网络 39
种质资源信息共享系统(贵州省) -
甘肃省种质资源数据信息查询系统(甘肃省) -
江苏农业种质资源信息服务系统(江苏省) -
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