Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 204-211.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.029

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Effects of Ridge and Mulching on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rapeseed

Tian Xiaoqin1,2,3(), Wang Dan1, Li Zhuo1,2,3(), Liu Yonghong1,2, Li Wei4   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    2Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of South China, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    3Environment- Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    4Sichuan Huabiao Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-03-25 Revised:2023-07-21 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to explore techniques for water-saving and drought-resistant, high-yield and high-efficiency of rapeseed, eight treatments of flat cropping+no film mulching (CK), flat cropping+sowing on the side of white film (R0F1), flat cropping+sowing on white film (R0F2), flat cropping+sowing on black film (R0F3), ridge cropping+no film mulching (R1F0), ridge cropping+sowing on the side of white film (R1F1), ridge cropping+ sowing on white film (R1F2) and ridge cropping+sowing on black film (R1F3) were set, and the effects of ridge cropping and mulching methods on soil temperature and humidity, yield and water use of rapeseed were studied. The results showed that, compared with CK, white film mulching could significantly improve the soil temperature and humidity, and R1F2 significantly increased effective primary branches and pods of primary branch, inflorescence pods, seeds per pod, 1000-grain weight and R1F1 treatment significantly increased inflorescence pods and 1000-grain weight. R1F1 and R1F2 treatments were the better treatments for yield, water use efficiency and output. Water use efficiency of R1F1 and R1F2 treatments were 2.88 and 2.94kg/m3, which were 25.76% and 28.38% higher than that of CK, and the yields were 3010.42 and 3088.54kg/ha, which were 20.25% and 23.37% higher than that of CK, respectively. The output values of R1F2 and R1F1 treatments were 18 062.50 and 18 531.20 yuan/ha, respectively, but R1F1 treatment had the highest net income, reaching 6222.50 yuan/ha. In conclusion, ridge cropping combined with sowing on the film side could be used as water saving and drought resistance, high yield and high efficiency technology for rapeseed.

Key words: Rapeseed, Ridge, Film mulching, Yield, Water use efficiency

Table 1

Experimental plans"

处理
Treatment		 具体措施
Specific measures
R0 秋季整地后不起垄，整个生育期内实行少耕
R1 于9月中旬人工起垄，垄宽60.00cm，垄高20.00cm，种植2行油菜，宽行间距50.00cm，窄行间距30.00cm
F0 生长期内不进行地膜覆盖
F1 用宽度50cm、厚度0.008mm的白色塑料地膜覆盖，膜两侧种植油菜
F2 用宽度80cm、厚度0.008mm的白色塑料地膜覆盖，膜上打洞种植油菜
F3 用宽度80cm、厚度0.008mm的黑色塑料地膜覆盖，膜上打洞种植油菜

Fig.1

The sketch map of winter rapeseed ridging and mulching"

Fig.2

Changes of soil temperature under different treatments during rape growing period Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.3

Changes of soil moisture content under different treatments during rape growing period"

Table 2

Effects of film mulching on agronomic characteristics of rape"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 有效分枝高度
Effective branch
height (cm)		 主序长度
Length of the main
inflorescence (cm)		 一次有效分枝数
Effective primary branch number		 有效角果数Effective pods 每果粒数
Seeds
per pod		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)
主序
Main inflorescence		 一次分枝
Primary branch
CK 208.75a 112.65a 94.88a 5.31b 78.21b 140.29b 19.50b 4.25b
R0F1 223.27a 128.50a 96.50a 6.13ab 97.80ab 181.73ab 19.93ab 4.36ab
R0F2 217.80a 121.70a 98.56a 6.21ab 99.20ab 186.13ab 20.23ab 4.66a
R0F3 213.93a 114.00a 96.79a 5.80ab 94.67ab 179.64ab 19.80ab 4.29ab
R1F0 210.06a 115.00a 95.95a 5.50b 88.10b 169.70b 19.73ab 4.39ab
R1F1 214.95a 118.04a 96.93a 6.25ab 101.33a 184.75ab 20.33ab 4.51a
R1F2 216.18a 120.46a 99.25a 6.40a 103.21a 191.73a 20.57a 4.77a
R1F3 212.85a 117.25a 97.43a 5.93ab 97.20ab 180.53ab 20.13ab 4.41a

Table 3

Effects of film mulching on water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of rape"

处理
Treatment		 贮水量Soil water content (mm) 生育期耗水量
Water consumption (mm)		 WUE (kg/m3) 产量
Yield(kg/hm2)
播前Before planting 收获After harvest
CK 58.93a 38.90a 109.43a 2.29b 2503.47b
R0F1 54.91a 40.81a 103.50a 2.62ab 2710.07ab
R0F2 58.59a 41.73a 106.26a 2.57ab 2732.64ab
R0F3 59.08a 42.65a 105.83a 2.51ab 2654.51ab
R1F0 57.54a 41.55a 105.39a 2.50ab 2630.21b
R1F1 57.93a 42.98a 104.35a 2.88a 3010.42a
R1F2 58.38a 42.78a 105.00a 2.94a 3088.54a
R1F3 57.40a 42.33a 104.47a 2.84a 2970.49a

Table 4

"

处理
Treatment		 成本Input 产值
Output		 纯利润
Net income
种子Seed 肥料Fertilizer 人工Labor 地膜Film
CK 1140.00 2100.00 6000.00 0.00 15 020.80 5780.80
R0F1 1140.00 2100.00 6750.00 650.00 16 260.40 5620.40
R0F2 1140.00 2100.00 7500.00 1020.00 16 395.80 4635.80
R0F3 1140.00 2100.00 7500.00 975.00 15 927.10 4212.10
R1F0 1140.00 2100.00 7200.00 0.00 15 781.30 5341.30
R1F1 1140.00 2100.00 7950.00 650.00 18 062.50 6222.50
R1F2 1140.00 2100.00 8700.00 1020.00 18 531.20 5571.20
R1F3 1140.00 2100.00 8700.00 975.00 17 822.90 4907.90
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