Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 194-203.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.028

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Effects of Dense Planting with Reduced Nitrogen Input Cultivation on the Grain Quality of Hybrid Indica Rice

Liu Zichen(), Shang Liyan, Ye Jiayu, Sheng Tian, Li Ruijie, Deng Jun, Tian Xiaohai, Zhang Yunbo, Huang Liying()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-07-04 Revised:2023-09-19 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

The study took four hybrid indica rice varieties (Y Liangyou 900, Liangyoupeijiu, Luoyou10, and Chuanyou 6203) as materials, and set three nitrogen fertilizer rate of 0 (N1), 90 (N2) and 180 kg/ha N (N3), and two planting density of 22.2 (D1) and 33.3 plants/m2 (D2) under field conditions to study the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on grain quality in rice. The results showed that the yield of Liangyoupeijiu, Luoyou10, and Chuanyou 6203 under dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice (N2D2) increased by 10.0%, 9.2% and 7.6%, respectively, compared with that under normal nitrogen and normal density treatment (N3D1), while the yield of Y Liangyou 900 was not significantly different between the two treatments. Dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice significantly decreased the milling quality, and the head rice rate reduced by 15.3%, while the appearance quality was improved in N2D2, and chalkiness degree and chalky grain percentage were reduced by 26.9% and 9.7%, respectively. At the same time, amylose content and total protein content were decreased by 6.2% and 21.9% in N2D2, compared with that in N3D1, respectively. In addition, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice increased the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value, but decreased the setback. In conclusion, the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on rice yield and quality were significantly different between varieties and between years. On the whole, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice improved the appearance and cooking and eating quality of rice while increasing yield, but reduced the milling and nutritional quality. Therefore, to a certain extent, dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice can improve synergistically yield and quality of rice.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Planting density, Rice quality, Hybrid indica rice, Yield

Fig.1

Daily maximum and minimum temperature and solar radiation during rice growing season in 2021 and 2022"

Fig.2

The yield of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022 Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant difference among different treatments for the same cultivar (P < 0.05), the same below."

Fig.3

The rate of brown rice, milled rice and head rice of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022"

Fig.4

Chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022"

Fig.5

Amylose content of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022"

Table 1

The contents of protein components of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022 %"

品种
Variety		 氮肥
Nitrogen		 密度
Density
清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin		 谷蛋白
Glutenin		 清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin		 谷蛋白
Glutenin
YLY900 N1 D1 0.30c 0.94c 0.22c 3.71d 0.34c 1.00c 0.21c 4.06e
D2 0.26d 0.92c 0.18d 3.58d 0.31d 0.97c 0.11d 3.91e
N2 D1 0.36b 1.00b 0.23b 4.61b 0.31d 1.13b 0.25b 4.75c
D2 0.32c 0.94c 0.21c 4.22c 0.39b 1.03c 0.36a 4.48d
N3 D1 0.40a 1.07a 0.26a 5.28a 0.33c 1.37a 0.35a 6.80a
D2 0.39a 1.04ab 0.24b 5.12a 0.41a 1.21b 0.24b 6.17b
LYPJ N1 D1 0.14bc 0.89de 0.19d 4.50d 0.14c 0.93de 0.25c 3.97e
D2 0.13c 0.87e 0.16e 4.17e 0.12d 0.88e 0.06e 4.03e
N2 D1 0.16b 0.98bc 0.20c 4.81c 0.18b 1.03c 0.27c 4.64c
D2 0.15b 0.94cd 0.18d 4.72c 0.15c 0.97cd 0.12d 4.36d
N3 D1 0.19a 1.15a 0.24a 6.26a 0.12d 1.31a 0.30b 7.88a
D2 0.18a 1.01b 0.22b 5.20b 0.22a 1.14b 0.32a 7.26b
LY10 N1 D1 0.19d 0.82c 0.18c 3.91c 0.24a 0.96c 0.17d 4.32d
D2 0.18d 0.80c 0.15d 3.73c 0.17c 0.89c 0.06f 4.06e
N2 D1 0.20bc 0.97b 0.19bc 4.74b 0.22b 1.07b 0.30a 4.74c
D2 0.20cd 0.85c 0.19bc 4.57b 0.21b 1.05b 0.22c 4.47d
N3 D1 0.23a 1.03a 0.22a 5.30a 0.16c 1.22a 0.25b 5.55a
D2 0.21b 0.98ab 0.20b 5.21a 0.24a 1.09b 0.13e 5.28b
CY6203 N1 D1 0.29d 0.98cd 0.21d 4.17d 0.37e 1.06d 0.27c 4.28c
D2 0.28d 0.96d 0.17e 3.84e 0.40d 0.99d 0.14e 4.17c
N2 D1 0.34b 1.03bc 0.26bc 4.65c 0.47a 1.30b 0.26c 4.75b
D2 0.32c 0.99bcd 0.25c 4.36d 0.34f 1.17c 0.32a 4.68b
N3 D1 0.35ab 1.28a 0.28a 5.19a 0.43c 1.42a 0.18d 6.02a
D2 0.37a 1.04b 0.27b 4.95b 0.45b 1.33b 0.29b 5.94a
方差分析Variance analysis
氮肥N 128.39** 46.50** 90.11** 198.88** 27.06** 65.58** 198.56** 404.52**
密度D 12.00** 18.12** 79.09** 22.31** 5.40* 13.34** 117.39** 17.72**
品种V 646.20** 15.75** 27.25** 40.67** 497.46** 42.07** 63.87** 14.47**
N×D 1.05ns 2.90ns 7.07** 0.67ns 91.27** 0.95ns 52.91** 2.03ns
N×V 9.08** 0.64ns 3.72* 2.10ns 4.41** 1.10ns 30.53** 23.93**
D×V 2.90ns 0.66ns 0.26ns 1.44ns 23.43** 0.03ns 32.97** 0.97ns
N×D×V 0.65ns 1.56ns 0.73ns 1.90ns 31.32** 0.26ns 28.00** 0.80ns

Fig.6

Protein content of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021 and 2022"

Table 2

RVA profile characteristics of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2021"

品种Variety 氮肥Nitrogen 密度Density PV (cP) HV (cP) FV (cP) BKV (cP) SB (cP) GT (℃)
YLY900 N1 D1 3266bc 2206b 2788c 1060c -478e 88.03ab
D2 3788a 2261b 3592a 1526a -196c 85.08bc
N2 D1 3051d 2213b 3009b 838d -42a 84.08c
D2 3215c 2445a 3075b 770e -139b 82.93c
N3 D1 2618e 1904d 2026d 714f -592f 89.35a
D2 3289b 2069c 3051b 1220b -238d 82.13c
LYPJ N1 D1 2624a 1693c 3357b 931a 733c 87.23b
D2 2003e 1854b 2439d 149e 436d 87.48b
N2 D1 2086d 1994a 2348e 93f 262f 86.15b
D2 2511b 1677c 3444a 834b 934b 87.28b
N3 D1 2300c 1565d 3287c 735c 987a 87.75ab
D2 1966e 1609d 2303e 357d 336e 90.70a
LY10 N1 D1 2920b 2236a 3708b 684c 788b 86.42bc
D2 3287a 1937d 3648b 1350a 361d 90.12a
N2 D1 2899bc 2111b 4031a 787b 1133a 86.95bc
D2 2247e 2035c 2835d 212e 588c 84.82c
N3 D1 2841c 2125b 2817d 716c -24e 88.57ab
D2 2344d 1927d 2928c 416d 585c 87.78abc
CY6203 N1 D1 2159e 2117a 2130e 42f -29d 85.83c
D2 2401d 1939b 2575d 462e 174c 87.27bc
N2 D1 3181a 1568d 3101b 1613a -80e 90.95a
D2 2753b 1816c 2161e 936c -592f 88.25abc
N3 D1 2504c 1757c 2957c 747d 454b 89.60ab
D2 3138a 2146a 4005a 992b 867a 89.08ab
方差分析Analysis of variance
氮肥N 52.45** 31.12** 12.28** 3.69* 26.24** 1.27ns
密度D 4.39* 0.83ns 4.49* 4.72* 0.00ns 0.73ns
品种V 434.24** 132.12** 139.59** 797.61** 807.65** 4.40ns
N×D 17.54** 5.28* 65.15** 91.23** 90.75** 0.67ns
N×V 146.78** 28.91** 204.46** 334.79** 588.01** 0.88ns
D×V 69.36** 15.85** 140.87** 91.03** 50.29** 2.05ns
N×D×V 62.90** 9.12** 211.25** 370.00** 315.37** 0.93ns

Table 3

RVA profile characteristics of four hybrid rice varieties under different N fertilizer and density treatments in 2022"

品种Variety 氮肥Nitrogen 密度Density PV (cP) HV (cP) FV (cP) BKV (cP) SB (cP) GT (℃)
YLY900 N1 D1 3681b 2461bc 3508a 1220b -174b 83.84ab
D2 3893a 2584a 3499a 1309a -395d 82.03bc
N2 D1 3271d 2334d 3248c 938d -23a 80.08cd
D2 3601bc 2483b 3355b 1118c -246c 78.98d
N3 D1 3585c 2426bc 3415b 1159c -170b 85.10a
D2 3654bc 2391cd 3239c 1264ab -415e 78.22d
LYPJ N1 D1 2782b 2139b 3394a 643ab 612a 83.08b
D2 2936a 2258a 3404a 678a 468d 83.32b
N2 D1 2637d 2040c 3191b 596c 554b 82.05b
D2 2723bc 2105bc 3152b 618bc 429e 83.13b
N3 D1 2665cd 2085bc 3181b 580c 516c 83.57b
D2 2712bcd 2115bc 3133b 596c 421e 86.38a
LY10 N1 D1 3495b 2539a 3896a 956c 400c 82.30bc
D2 3716a 2369d 3828a 1347a 113e 85.83a
N2 D1 3050c 2377cd 3557c 674d 507b 83.48abc
D2 3482b 2454bc 3693b 1027b 211d 80.78c
N3 D1 3129c 2462ab 3702b 667d 573a 84.35ab
D2 3069c 2417bcd 3566c 652d 497b 83.60ab
CY6203 N1 D1 3399b 2377b 3255b 1022c -144d 81.75c
D2 3814a 2564a 3471a 1250a -343f 83.11bc
N2 D1 3120c 2240c 3158cd 880d 38b 86.62a
D2 3438b 2286c 3159c 1151b -279e 84.05abc
N3 D1 3114c 2246c 3076de 868d -38c 85.33ab
D2 2839d 1928d 3059e 910d 221a 83.84bc
方差分析Analysis of variance
氮肥N 95.64** 16.53** 44.90** 103.08** 447.57** 1.01ns
密度D 46.37** 0.72ns 0.01ns 133.46** 1567.96** 0.95ns
品种V 541.97** 185.41** 305.16** 1613.36** 4159.57** 4.48ns
N×D 20.97** 6.09** 4.04* 18.56** 229.85** 1.16ns
N×V 11.07** 4.22** 0.58ns 26.05** 327.02** 1.02ns
D×V 1.10ns 2.09ns 0.99ns 14.00** 74.59** 1.90ns
N×D×V 3.78** 3.16* 1.68ns 6.04** 99.02** 1.05ns
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