Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 209-220.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.028

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Cadmium Tolerance of Tartary Buckwheat during Germination Stage and Its Effects on Physiological Characteristics of Seedlings

Du Hanmei1(), Tan Lu1, Li Shengchun1, Wang Qinghai1, Xu Zhou1, Wu Dandan2, Wang Anhu1()   

  1. 1 Panxi Crop Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
    2 Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-03-05 Revised:2024-05-15 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

To explore the effects of Cd stress on the germination of tartary buckwheat seeds and the physiological characteristics of seedlings, five CdCl2 treatment concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μmol/L were set up to analyze their effects on seed germination, physiological characteristics of seedlings and cadmium accumulation of 14 tartary buckwheat germplasms. The results showed that the effects of different concentrations of Cd stress varied among different tartary buckwheat germplasms. The germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI) and vigour index (VI) of most germplasms decreased with the increase of Cd concentration. In addition, seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited at a high concentration of Cd stress (300 μmol/L). Comprehensive evaluation analysis found that all materials were divided into three groups, including six Cd-tolerant materials, six Cd-sensitive materials and two intermediate materials. Among them, V14 had the highest resistance and V4 had the lowest resistance to Cd stress. Moreover, the Cd content in roots and shoots increased with the increase of Cd concentration, while the accumulation of Cd in roots was higher than that in shoots. Besides, Cd toxicity caused oxidative stress in tartary buckwheat, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion (O2-. ) increased with the increase of Cd concentration. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX also appeared a similar trend of initial increase followed by a decrease. Moreover, these enzyme activities were higher in Cd-tolerant tartary buckwheat germplasms than those in Cd-sensitive germplasms.

Key words: Cadmium stress, Tartary buckwheat, Seed germination, Physiological characteristic, Cd accumulation

Table 1

The information of test materials"

编号
ID		 材料
Material		 来源
Origin
V1 九江苦荞 江西吉安市农业科学研究所
V2 西荞3号 西昌学院
V3 西荞8号 西昌学院
V4 川荞2号 四川西昌农业科学研究所高山作物研究站
V5 迪苦1号 云南迪庆州农业科学研究所
V6 定苦1号 甘肃定西市农业科学研究院
V7 黔苦5号 贵州威宁县农业科学研究所
V8 酉苦1号 重庆酉阳县农业技术推广总站
V9 川荞1号 四川昭觉农业科学研究所
V10 四川盐源农家种1 四川凉山州盐源县本邦营村
V11 四川冕宁农家种 四川凉山州冕宁县拖乌乡
V12 米荞1号 西昌学院、成都大学
V13 西荞9号 西昌学院
V14 四川盐源农家种2 四川凉山州盐源县白乌镇

Table 2

Effects of Cd stress on germination of tartary buckwheat seeds"

编号
ID		 镉浓度
Cd concentration (μmol/L)		 发芽率
Germination rate (%)		 发芽势
Germination potential (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 活力指数
Vigor index
V1 0 94.44±5.56a 70.00±3.06ab 7.97±1.17ab 53.09±17.97ab
50 92.22±6.19a 67.78±4.66ab 8.80±2.74a 65.56±11.84a
100 67.78±1.11b 63.33±3.33b 7.67±1.85ab 49.79±3.16ab
200 65.67±3.33b 72.22±1.11a 7.98±3.11ab 38.01±16.64b
300 44.67±11.71c 71.11±3.56a 7.51±2.25b 30.83±12.13bc
V2 0 86.67±6.94a 56.67±3.68a 19.38±5.27a 129.59±9.08a
50 82.22±8.68ab 44.44±6.23b 16.71±1.94ab 108.49±28.62ab
100 61.11±10.67b 52.22±3.19ab 16.07±2.53b 74.54±7.48b
200 57.89±7.78c 58.89±10.60a 19.58±2.52a 72.59±19.73b
300 18.00±6.78d 44.44±0.51b 17.25±2.65ab 47.68±5.50c
V3 0 72.72±4.97a 76.48±3.99a 18.52±2.21a 90.50±12.13a
50 66.67±2.55a 78.89±4.00a 18.19±0.24a 81.04±7.70a
100 40.00±12.83b 74.44±2.43a 14.95±2.03bc 55.17±4.50b
200 39.00±5.98b 84.44±12.37a 15.83±2.71b 46.02±14.53b
300 19.11±2.08c 76.67±4.04a 17.99±2.99ab 51.06±12.05b
V4 0 74.19±12.69a 33.21±5.25a 7.60±2.61a 38.91±6.93a
50 61.31±3.84b 20.87±3.65b 7.20±3.89a 29.93±3.33ab
100 30.66±5.75c 31.11±2.36a 4.49±3.11b 18.42±6.38b
200 15.11±2.71d 25.00±6.80ab 6.79±3.43a 24.68±8.70b
300 10.57±0.96d 18.33±5.61b 4.97±3.37ab 14.50±4.08b
V5 0 92.22±4.01a 30.00±1.77b 18.34±0.70a 132.00±8.78a
50 87.78±5.88a 43.33±4.40a 16.26±0.35ab 111.65±7.19a
100 61.11±15.56ab 33.33±3.09b 15.73±2.06b 78.87±3.34b
200 51.22±4.44b 42.50±5.42a 17.96±0.37a 75.19±12.33b
300 29.11±5.44c 36.67±4.67ab 17.57±1.49a 78.67±1.58b
V6 0 94.44±5.56a 85.56±2.91a 12.24±6.26a 67.56±10.10a
50 92.22±4.84a 84.44±5.05a 12.03±2.40a 74.04±4.50a
100 71.11±5.88ab 80.00±2.33a 12.67±1.54a 47.56±5.92b
200 67.89±4.84b 83.33±8.82a 9.93±1.08ab 45.25±32.04b
300 28.00±8.36c 84.44±4.17a 11.19±3.01a 34.75±32.10bc
V7 0 73.33±11.55a 42.22±1.80b 9.83±0.66a 70.51±25.82a
50 74.44±9.49a 64.44±6.38a 8.03±0.45ab 49.59±8.12ab
100 52.22±12.52ab 43.33±1.92ab 7.62±0.60b 40.54±12.51b
200 44.56±8.68b 43.33±6.94ab 8.98±0.34a 39.69±12.52b
300 22.44±9.49b 38.89±4.07b 9.27±0.49a 47.20±9.34ab
V8 0 77.78±8.01a 44.44±3.24b 9.93±0.71ab 78.82±2.79ab
50 82.22±8.01a 66.67±7.83ab 10.05±0.43a 92.50±11.36a
100 55.56±13.10ab 55.56±3.13b 9.93±1.49ab 76.87±6.26ab
200 49.00±12.02b 76.67±7.70a 11.12±0.37a 61.89±16.10b
300 28.00±19.53b 78.89±5.32a 10.73±1.69a 61.31±13.60b
V9 0 82.22±6.19ab 46.67±3.86a 11.74±1.37b 54.44±3.76b
50 90.00±3.33a 56.67±6.21a 12.46±0.44ab 61.65±24.60b
100 68.89±2.22b 52.22±2.51a 13.46±0.72ab 71.43±11.81ab
200 56.78±6.76b 51.11±6.19a 15.00±1.82a 96.53±17.16a
300 31.33±1.82c 51.11±4.53a 15.78±1.68a 65.85±4.71b
V10 0 98.89±1.11a 46.67±1.02a 8.45±1.39ab 38.67±4.43b
50 97.78±1.11a 46.67±9.77ab 9.56±2.97a 60.42±3.88a
100 76.67±3.33b 33.33±2.46b 10.40±2.00a 58.00±3.58a
200 76.78±2.22b 38.89±1.11b 8.13±0.87b 35.74±4.16b
300 56.89±1.11c 41.11±3.56ab 9.88±1.24a 39.87±4.42b
V11 0 88.89±6.76a 55.56±4.26a 3.75±1.16ab 18.17±5.90a
50 84.44±2.22a 66.67±6.36a 3.86±0.44ab 23.15±5.46a
100 62.22±4.01b 58.89±3.67a 3.03±0.58b 13.14±5.24ab
200 63.44±3.56b 62.22±8.69a 5.20±0.62a 17.58±9.65a
300 31.33±2.94c 64.44±5.67a 3.56±0.74ab 10.75±2.03b
V12 0 93.33±3.33a 92.22±2.22a 28.07±1.57a 170.16±28.97a
50 91.11±5.88a 96.67±0.80a 27.00±0.27a 191.16±5.56a
100 70.00±10.00ab 95.56±13.67a 28.89±0.59a 151.76±52.80ab
200 60.11±11.67b 91.11±5.88a 26.75±1.43a 150.69±25.62ab
300 45.78±8.89b 94.44±1.84a 27.37±0.14a 121.16±37.15b
V13 0 82.61±4.84a 33.33±2.57b 6.98±0.60ab 40.60±14.35a
50 70.64±9.32b 51.11±6.38a 8.32±0.59a 47.08±8.63a
100 35.92±2.53c 30.00±1.92b 6.50±0.41b 31.67±7.96ab
200 22.33±4.27d 47.78±1.11a 7.22±0.62ab 32.97±4.17ab
300 12.73±0.58e 36.67±5.29ab 7.90±1.65a 26.52±7.88b
V14 0 86.67±10.00a 6.67±0.59b 12.67±4.22ab 77.83±6.30b
50 86.67±10.00a 17.78±4.59a 12.78±3.07ab 92.17±6.43ab
100 66.67±10.00ab 10.00±1.92ab 14.30±1.42a 106.37±3.32a
200 63.44±12.22ab 11.11±4.01ab 17.09±4.83a 111.55±2.96a
300 39.11±9.09b 12.22±2.69ab 14.99±2.00a 78.36±2.73b

Fig.1

Effects of different concentrations of Cd on the growth of tartary buckwheat seedlings Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The same below."

Table 3

Cd resistance coefficient of 14 tartary buckwheat germplasms"

编号ID ARGR ARGP ARGI ARVI ARRL AREL ARFW ARDW
V1 0.716 0.980 1.003 0.867 0.816 0.896 1.194 0.966
V2 0.632 0.882 0.898 0.585 0.588 0.774 0.784 0.756
V3 0.566 1.028 0.904 0.644 0.615 0.829 0.829 0.669
V4 0.396 0.717 0.771 0.562 0.628 0.852 0.517 0.775
V5 0.621 1.299 0.920 0.652 0.592 0.830 0.697 0.922
V6 0.686 0.971 0.936 0.746 0.624 1.050 0.972 0.923
V7 0.660 1.125 0.862 0.628 0.640 0.819 0.827 0.850
V8 0.690 1.563 1.053 0.928 0.746 1.174 1.077 0.940
V9 0.751 1.131 1.207 1.357 0.894 1.430 1.012 1.021
V10 0.779 0.857 1.124 1.254 0.995 1.332 1.089 1.057
V11 0.679 1.135 1.043 0.889 0.768 1.126 0.948 0.835
V12 0.715 1.024 0.980 0.903 0.768 1.125 1.051 0.839
V13 0.429 1.242 1.073 0.851 0.832 0.753 0.970 1.261
V14 0.738 1.916 1.167 1.248 0.909 1.319 1.296 1.124
最大值Maximum 0.779 1.916 1.207 1.357 0.995 1.430 1.296 1.261
最小值Minimum 0.396 0.717 0.771 0.562 0.588 0.753 0.517 0.669
平均值Average 0.647 1.134 0.996 0.865 0.744 1.022 0.947 0.924
标准差Standard deviation 0.114 0.306 0.123 0.260 0.133 0.230 0.203 0.157

Table 4

Principal component analysis of Cd resistance indexes"

指标Index PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
ARGR 0.29 -0.58 0.31 0.33
ARGP 0.24 0.41 0.77 -0.32
ARGI 0.41 0.09 -0.07 -0.10
ARVI 0.41 -0.08 -0.20 -0.25
ARRL 0.39 0.07 -0.40 0.08
AREL 0.36 -0.35 -0.05 -0.54
ARFW 0.38 -0.01 0.22 0.62
ARDW 0.30 0.60 -0.23 0.20
特征值Eigenvalue 5.40 1.10 0.79 0.40
贡献率Contribution ratio (%) 67.49 13.72 9.87 4.94
累计贡献率
Accumulated contribution rate (%)		 67.49
 81.22
 91.09
 96.03

Table 5

The value of comprehensive index, membership function value, weight, D-value and ranking of tartary buckwheat"

编号
ID		 综合指标Comprehensive index 隶属函数值Membership function value D值
D-value		 排序
Ranking
F1 F2 F3 F4 μ1 μ2 μ3 μ4
V1 0.64 -0.17 -0.19 1.50 0.57 0.20 0.47 1.00 0.54 6
V2 -2.47 -0.59 0.19 0.34 0.18 0.10 0.60 0.53 0.23 13
V3 -2.33 -0.47 0.41 -0.15 0.20 0.13 0.68 0.34 0.24 12
V4 -3.89 0.30 -1.23 -0.99 0.00 0.32 0.12 0.00 0.06 14
V5 -1.74 0.58 0.78 -0.39 0.27 0.39 0.80 0.24 0.34 10
V6 -0.68 -0.53 0.21 0.38 0.41 0.11 0.61 0.55 0.39 9
V7 -1.78 -0.13 0.61 0.33 0.27 0.21 0.75 0.53 0.32 11
V8 1.25 0.20 1.19 -0.37 0.65 0.29 0.95 0.25 0.61 4
V9 3.12 -0.70 -0.83 -0.88 0.89 0.07 0.25 0.04 0.66 2
V10 2.90 -0.90 -1.57 0.22 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.49 0.63 3
V11 0.34 -0.62 0.08 -0.31 0.54 0.09 0.57 0.27 0.46 7
V12 0.36 -0.99 0.03 0.27 0.54 0.00 0.55 0.51 0.46 8
V13 0.29 3.06 -1.03 0.39 0.53 1.00 0.18 0.55 0.56 5
V14 4.00 0.97 1.34 -0.34 1.00 0.48 1.00 0.26 0.88 1
权重Weight 0.70 0.14 0.10 0.05

Fig.2

Cluster analysis of 14 tartary buckwheat germplasms"

Fig.3

Effects of different concentrations of Cd on Cd accumulation in tartary buckwheat seedlings"

Fig.4

Comparative analysis of oxidative stress caused by different concentrations of Cd toxicity in tartary buckwheat seedlings"

Fig.5

Effects of different concentrations of Cd on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tartary buckwheat seedlings"

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