Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 89-94.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.04.015

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Effects of Different Cultivation Methods and Planting Densities on the Yield and Storage Root Tuberization of Sweet Potato cv. "Shangshu 9"

Liu Yajun,Hu Qiguo,Chu Fengli,Wang Wenjing,Yang Aimei   

  1. Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
  • Received:2018-01-25 Revised:2018-04-11 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-23

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different high-efficiency cultivation measures on the growth and development of sweet potato, the field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different cuttage modes and planting densities on yield and tuber shape. The results showed that the distribution rate of dry matter in the tubers under the 60 000 plant/hm 2 treatment was higher than other treatments. The yield under 60 000 plant/hm 2 treatments with oblique planting density and 60 000 plant/hm 2 with horizontal planting density were the highest, but had no significant difference with the planting density of 60 000 plant/hm 2 treatment. The influence on the yield of sweet potato showed that planting density > cuttage mode. The cutting mode had a very significant interaction with the planting density. The straight planting density of 37 500 plant/hm 2 and 45 000 plant/hm 2 treatments of the dry matter rate of fresh tuber were significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05). In addition, cuttage mode and planting density had an extremely significant cross interaction on the dry matter rate of fresh tuber and stem, the horizontal planting density of 60 000 plant/hm 2 treatment of commercial tuber rate was higher than others, the influence of planting density on the commercial tuber was bigger than cuttage mode, and cuttage mode and planting density had an extremely significant cross interaction. It was concluded that 60 000 plant/hm 2planting density and horizontal could achieve high yield and commercial tuber yield. The results could provide the scientific basis for selection high efficiency cultivation measures of sweet potato.

Key words: Sweet potato, Cuttage mode, Planting density, Yield, Dry matter rate, Commercial tuberous root

Table 1

Experiment design"

处理
Treatment		 栽培方式
Cultivation method		 种植密度(株/hm2)
Planting density (plant/hm2)
A1B1 直栽 37 500
A1B2 直栽 45 000
A1B3 直栽 60 000
A2B1 斜栽 37 500
A2B2 斜栽 45 000
A2B3 斜栽 60 000
A3B1 水平栽 37 500
A3B2 水平栽 45 000
A3B3 水平栽 60 000

Table 2

Effects of cultivation method and planting density on dry matter of sweet potato"

栽培方式
Cultivation
method		 种植密度(株/hm2)
Planting density
(plant/hm2)		 60d 90d 120d 收获期生物干重(kg/hm2)
Biological dry weight
at harvest stage
薯块(g/株)
Tuber (g/plant)		 茎蔓(g/株)
Stem (g/plant)		 比例(%)
Proportion		 薯块(g/株)
Tuber (g/plant)		 茎蔓(g/株)
Stem (g/plant)		 比例(%)
Proportion		 薯块(g/株)
Tuber (g/plant)		 茎蔓(g/株)
Stem (g/plant)		 比例(%)
Proportion
直栽
Straight
planting		 37 500 12.2±4.1b 31.3±5.9a 28.1 87.2±9.8abc 144.5±9.6ab 37.6 258.0±14.7ab 195.8±6.1a 56.9 23 143.5±847.5ab
45 000 16.4±2.8b 32.8±4.2a 33.4 75.1±8.2bc 147.2±5.5ab 33.8 130.1±3.8bc 123.9±9.0ab 51.2 18 648.0±534.0b
60 000 15.5±7.1b 24.7±9.0a 38.5 57.9±7.1c 82.4±10.6b 41.2 108.7±12.3c 79.4±16.7c 57.8 24 337.5±489.0ab
斜栽
Oblique
planting		 37 500 21.5±2.9ab 39.0±7.2a 35.5 93.1±9.4abc 159.2±4.7a 36.9 362.3±22.5a 184.5±8.6ab 66.3 24 726.0±354.0ab
45 000 31.1±4.5a 35.8±8.8a 46.5 89.8±6.8abc 97.3±9.2ab 48.0 107.0±17.1c 115.6±9.9bc 48.1 19 813.5±394.5b
60 000 13.6±2.6b 36.3±4.2a 27.3 95.2±9.6abc 100.8±8.2ab 48.6 115.5±10.4c 67.6±6.2c 63.1 24 924.0±228.0ab
水平栽
Horizontal
planting		 37 500 16.9±4.1b 41.8±7.0a 28.9 119.6±17.4a 153.4±14.0a 43.8 206.6±13.0bc 121.9±9.6bc 62.9 24 417.0±1173.0ab
45 000 21.9±4.0ab 26.5±3.8a 45.3 99.1±15.4ab 100.7±8.3ab 49.6 218.5±10.9bc 108.7±11.9c 66.8 25 272.0±489.0ab
60 000 22.8±3.4ab 24.7±7.5a 48.0 77.9±4.0bc 93.2±5.7ab 45.5 210.1±21.0bc 92.0±5.5c 69.5 26 304.0±646.5a
F值F value
A 01.65 01.89 03.73* 00.14 00.29 00.72 01.25
B 01.35 02.42 03.10* 06.47* 02.88* 08.96* 03.26*
A×B 07.41** 02.95* 06.04** 17.44** 37.00** 20.80** 23.65**

Table 3

Effects of cultivation method and planting density on dry matter percentage and tuberization habit of sweet potato"

栽培方式
Cultivation method		 种植密度(株/hm2)
Planting density (plant/hm2)		 最大薯重(g)
Max tuber weight		 单株结薯数
Tuber number per plant		 鲜薯干物率(%)
Dry matter rate of fresh tuber
直栽Straight planting 37 500 521.80±22.28c 3.40±0.55b 0.280±0.003b
45 000 548.80±29.62c 3.60±0.55b 0.289±0.004a
60 000 408.80±15.90d 2.40±0.55cd 0.291±0.004a
斜栽Oblique planting 37 500 779.20±60.77a 3.00±0.00bc 0.273±0.003de
45 000 427.60±27.05d 3.40±0.55b 0.278±0.002bc
60 000 529.60±12.70c 3.40±0.55b 0.283±0.003b
水平栽Horizontal planting 37 500 794.20±48.88a 2.00±0.00d 0.227±0.002g
45 000 641.40±33.82b 3.40±0.55b 0.254±0.004f
60 000 561.80±23.79c 4.20±0.45a 0.268±0.007e
F值F value
A 9.95* 1.24 0.99
B 10.29* 2.52 1.17
A×B 18.44** 8.70** 17.20**

Table 4

Effects of cultivation method and planting density on commercial tuber rate of sweet potato kg/hm2"

栽培方式
Cultivation
method		 种植密度(株/hm2)
Planting density
(plant/hm2)		 小薯产量
Small tuber yield		 大中薯产量
Middle and large
tuber yield		 商品薯产量
Commercial tuber yield		 鲜薯产量
Fresh tuber yield		 商品薯率(%)
Commercial
tuber rate
直栽
Straight
planting		 37 500 2 604.0±58.5b 49 584.0±1 296.0a 17 943.0±2 919.0bcd 49 938.0±1 228.5a 0.359
45 000 2 374.5±127.5c 37 375.5±4 888.5c 13 924.5±1 777.5d 39 750.0±936.0b 0.350
60 000 2 334.0±37.5c 41 538.0±391.5bc 17 949.0±2 065.5bcd 43 860.0±1 075.5ab 0.409
斜栽
Oblique
planting		 37 500 1 171.5±66.0e 45 573.0±2 205.0ab 15 417.0±5 238.0cd 46 744.5±1 314.0ab 0.330
45 000 2 200.5±70.5c 44 350.0±3 745.5ab 17 824.5±2 953.5bcd 46 549.5±1 018.5ab 0.383
60 000 2 794.5±145.5b 49 102.5±819.0a 21 205.5±1 729.5ab 51 897.0±321.0a 0.409
水平栽
Horizontal
planting		 37 500 963.0±91.5e 46 422.0±1 150.5ab 19 110.0±1 435.5bc 47 368.5±637.5ab 0.403
45 000 1 624.5±93.0d 44 550.0±2 718.0ab 19 600.5±3 960.0bc 46 174.5±937.5ab 0.424
60 000 3 333.0±147.0a 47 128.5±1 152.0ab 25 282.5±1 470.0a 50 461.5±733.5a 0.501
F值F value
A 00.36 0.90 2.31 00.55
B 02.30 1.68 4.34 01.28
A×B 13.34** 7.96** 7.79** 15.98**

Table 5

Correlation analysis of sweet potato yield and other main characters"

项目Item 鲜薯产量 鲜薯干物率 基部分枝数 单株结薯数 商品薯率 T/R值
鲜薯产量Fresh tuber yield 1
鲜薯干物率Dry matter rate of fresh tuber 0.19 -1
基部分枝数Branches of base 0.31 -0.36* -1
单株结薯数Tuber number per plant 0.08 -0.54** -0.40* 1
商品薯率Commercial tuber rate 0.52** -0.19 -0.11 0.04 1
T/R值T/R value 0.31 -0.53** -0.51** 0.40* 0.47** 1
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