Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 106-113.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.04.018

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Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing

Huang Xuefang,Huang Mingjing,Liu Huatao,Zhao Cong,Wang Juanling   

  1. Arid Farming Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-03-14 Revised:2018-04-10 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-23

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Abstract:

Millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (Z5) was used as a testing material under the film mulching and bunch planting condition. The experiment design was: 12 treatments which included three levels that were 4.95, 7.50, 15.00 ten thousands holes of per hm 2 (TTH/hm 2) and four levels that were 1, 2, 3, 4 plants per hole (P/H). The effect of different annual precipitation and population density on tiller-earing and yield of millet were studied. Results showed that the relationship between yield and population density of Z5 was linear and platform correlated. Within the range of 4.75 to 11.97TTH/hm 2, millet yields increased with population density linearly, within the wide range of 13.56-47.25TTH/hm 2,the response of yield was insensitive to population density and fluctuated in a narrow platform range. When the population density differed 9.88-10.59 times, the number of panicles and grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight of Z5 were different by 2.58-3.87 and 2.06-3.00 and 1.03-1.05 times, respectively. With the increase of population density, number of tillers and spikes and percent of tiller-earing were all decreased, the highest population density treatment was less by 2.3-5.2 and 2.8-4.9 and 37.2%-47.7% than the lowest treatment, respectively. When population density was the same, the more tillers and spikes could be formed by increasing holes per hm 2 than that by increasing plants in the hole. Yield of Z5 increased by 20.3% in wet year than the drought year, the reasons were spikes and 1000-grain weight all increased significantly. In wet year, the treatment yield of Z5 that combined 7.50TTH/hm 2 and 4P/H was the highest and increased by 3.9%-27.1% than others; in drought year, the treatment yield of Z5 that combined 15.00TTH/hm 2 and 1P/H was the highest and increased by 0.1%-30.5% than others, and the treatment that combined 7.50TTH/hm 2 and 4P/H took the second place.

Key words: Zhangzagu 5, Population density, Precipition years, Hole sowing, Yield

Table 1

The comparison between precipitation in the millet growth season in 2014 and 2015 and annual mean precipitation mm"

年份
Year		 5月
May		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 5月-9月
May to September		 降水年型
Precipition year
多年平均降雨量Annual mean precipitati 33.2 57.0 102.9 103.7 62.2 359.0 -
降雨量Amount of precipitation 2014 40.0 32.4 79.8 47.8 78.4 278.4 干旱年Drought year
2015 49.1 44.1 90.0 129.6 104.0 416.8 偏丰水年Slight plenty rainfall year

Table 2

Effects of precipitation year on yield and its component of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

降水年型
Precipition year		 生物产量
(kg/hm2)
Biological yield		 子粒产量
(kg/hm2)
Grain yield		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight		 出子率(%)
Seed rate		 收获指数
Harvest index
干旱年(D) Drought year 11 681B 5 303B 48.4B 4 254A 2.88b 81.9A 0.45a
偏丰水年(S) Slight plenty rainfall year 15 588A 6 382A 56.9A 3 785B 3.10a 71.7B 0.41b
(S-D)/D 33.4% 20.3% 17.5% -11.0% 7.6% -12.5% -8.9%

Table 3

Effects of precipitation year on tillering and spike number of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

降水年型
Precipition year		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积茎蘖数
(×104/hm2)
Stem number		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes
per seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate
干旱年Drought year 20.3 60.4 48.4 2.0 2.4 70.2
偏丰水年Slight plenty rainfall year 19.8 77.8 56.9 2.9 2.9 64.0

Fig.1

The response of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 yield to population density under plastic mulching and hole sowing"

Fig.2

The yield comparison between different hole numbers and seedling number per hole treatments in drought year||| Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.3

The yield comparison between different hole numbers and seedling number per hole treatments in slight plenty rainfall year"

Table 4

Effects of different population density on yield components of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

处理
Treatment		 干旱年份Drought year 偏丰水年份Slight plenty rainfall year
密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 单位面积穗数
(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight
T1S1 4.75 20.92i 7 028a 2.93a 4.78 32.22h 5 359a 3.16a
T1S2 10.19 32.83gh 5 589b 2.91ab 9.67 41.78gh 4 626b 3.16a
T1S3 14.69 36.59fgh 5 234bc 2.88ab 13.22 46.00efg 4 318bc 3.15a
T1S4 19.13 45.92ef 4 082de 2.89ab 18.22 52.22ef 3 910cd 3.10ab
T2S1 7.31 28.67hi 5 203bc 2.91ab 7.00 44.45fg 4 361bc 3.13a
T2S2 14.13 41.00efg 4 684cd 2.89ab 13.33 50.89efg 3 902cd 3.09ab
T2S3 20.44 51.75de 3 767e 2.86ab 19.33 63.78cd 3 793de 3.07ab
T2S4 26.75 57.42cd 3 433ef 2.85b 28.00 66.23c 3 530ef 3.08ab
T3S1 13.31 46.17ef 4 205de 2.89ab 14.00 55.11de 3 656def 3.09ab
T3S2 26.06 67.25bc 2 790fg 2.87ab 26.11 69.34bc 2 885g 3.10ab
T3S3 36.13 71.84ab 2 698fg 2.89ab 36.78 78.00ab 2 605g 3.01b
T3S4 50.32 81.00a 2 341g 2.85b 47.25 83.12a 2 605g 3.03b
T1平均T1 average 12.19 34.06c 5 483a 2.90a 11.47 43.06c 4 553a 3.14a
T2平均T2 average 17.16 44.71b 4 272b 2.88a 16.92 56.34b 3 896b 3.09a
T3平均T3 average 31.45 66.57a 3 008c 2.87a 31.04 71.39a 2 938c 3.06a
S1平均S1 average 8.46 31.92d 5 479a 2.91a 8.59 43.93c 4 459a 3.13a
S2平均S2 average 16.79 47.03c 4 354b 2.89ab 16.37 54.00b 3 804b 3.12a
S3平均S3 average 23.75 53.39b 3 899c 2.88ab 23.11 62.60a 3 572c 3.08a
S4平均S4 average 32.06 61.45a 3 285d 2.86b 31.16 67.19a 3 348c 3.07a

Table 5

Effects of different population density on tillering and tiller-earing of millet variety Zhangzagu 5"

处理
Treatment		 干旱年份Drought year 偏丰水年份Slight plenty rainfall year
密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per
seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes per
seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate		 密度
(×104/hm2)
Density		 每苗分蘖
Tillers per
seedling		 每苗穗数
Spikes per
seedling		 分蘖成穗率(%)
Tiller-earing rate
T1S1 4.75 3.5a 4.4a 98.3 4.78 6.8a 6.7a 83.8
T1S2 10.19 2.7bc 3.2cd 81.5 9.67 4.2c 4.3b 78.5
T1S3 14.69 2.0de 2.5efg 75.0 13.22 3.3d 3.5cd 74.9
T1S4 19.13 1.7ef 2.4fg 81.1 18.22 2.7def 2.9ef 68.9
T2S1 7.31 3.3a 3.9b 88.0 7.00 6.4a 6.3a 83.4
T2S2 14.13 2.5cd 2.9de 76.0 13.33 4.2c 3.8bcd 67.5
T2S3 20.44 2.0de 2.5ef 75.0 19.33 2.9de 3.3de 78.6
T2S4 26.75 1.6ef 2.1fg 68.8 28.00 2.2efg 2.4fgh 61.9
T3S1 13.31 3.1ab 3.5bc 80.6 14.00 5.3b 3.9bc 55.6
T3S2 26.06 2.4cd 2.6ef 66.0 26.11 3.2d 2.7fg 51.9
T3S3 36.13 1.9e 2.0gh 52.4 36.78 2.1fg 2.1gh 53.7
T3S4 50.32 1.2f 1.6h 50.6 47.25 1.6g 1.8h 46.6

Fig.4

Effects of population density on tillers per seedling of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (drought year)"

Fig.5

Effects of population density on spikes per seedling of millet variety Zhangzagu 5 (drought year)"

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