Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 97-102.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.015

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Screening Maize Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting Grain in the Central Liaoning Province

Wang Keru1,Li Shaokun1,Wang Yanbo2,Zhao Haiyan2,Shen Yuzhong3,Cai Dandan4,Xiao Wanxin2,Jiang Wenye3,Huang Zhaofu1,Zhai Lichao1,Li Lulu1,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Corn Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
    3 Tieling County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tieling 112600, Liaoning, China
    4 Liaoning Branch of China Sinochem Fertilizer Holdings Limited Company, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-04-13 Revised:2018-05-11 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20

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Abstract:

In order to promote mechanical harvesting maize grain technology in northeast China, experiments screening varieties for mechanical harvesting maize grain were conducted at 10 sites in Tieling, Xinmin, Shenbei and Haicheng in central Liaoning. Based on the 135 tests of 73 testing cultivars,it showed that: (1) The maize grain moisture content had decreasing trend with delayed harvest time, in the middle of Liaoning, with the harvest date from September 27 to October 22, grain moisture contents of 92 tests were≤25%, accounting for 68.1%; from October 20-22, there were 93.0% of the cultivars with a moisture content of less than 25%, which were in the range of grain moisture content suitable for mechanical grain harvest; (2) According to the yield level and the grain moisture content two-way average drawing analysis method, and results at more than 2 sites showed cultivars with yield higher than average and moisture content lower than the average of included DK 159, Deyu 919, Nonghua 205, Fengken 139, Dongdan 6531 and Zhongkeyu 505 suggested as appropriate mechanical harvest grain cultivars, Xiangyu 998 with high yield and moisture content as subdominate cultivar. The yield of recommended cultivars were equivalent to the local production dominant cultivars of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, but the moisture contents of grain were 1.7-7.7 percentage points lower than Zhengdan 958.

Key words: Central Liaoning, Maize, Cultivar, Mechanical harvesting grain, Moisture content, Yield

Table 1

The basic description of the experiments"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Site		 品种数
Number of cultivars		 播种时间(月-日)
Sowing date (Month-Day)		 收获时间(月-日)
Harvest date (Month-Day)		 测产方式
Yield test method
2013 铁岭 5 5-16 10-20 人工
2014 新民 8 5-08 10-22 人工
海城耿庄 22 5-10 10-15 人工
2015 海城耿庄东耿村 27 5-20 10-03 人工
海城南台 16 4-26 10-03 人工
铁岭 14 5-15 10-14 机械粒收
沈北 10 4-24 9-27 机械粒收
海城耿庄土台子村 4 5-17 10-13 机械粒收
2016 铁岭 12 4-29 10-21 机械粒收
2017 铁岭 17 4-28 10-20 机械粒收

Fig.1

Maize grain moisture contents at different harvest dates"

Fig.2

Grain moisture contents and yield change for Dika159 on different harvest dates"

Fig.3

The distribution of grain moisture contents and yields for different cultivars"

Table 2

The classification of grain moisture contents and yield for different cultivars"

象限
Quadrant		 品次数
Cultivar times		 单产Yield (kg/hm2) 子粒含水率Grain moisture content (%)
平均Mean 极差Range 平均值Mean 极差Range
Ⅰ 30 11 817±1 995 7 045.5~15 003 24.5±3.9 16.0~35.4
Ⅱ 46 11 286±1 776 8 089.5~14 535 22.3±3.1 14.1~28.2
Ⅲ 25 10 336.5±1 344 8 010~12 768 22.2±2.7 14.7~26.8
Ⅳ 34 9 919.5±2 103 4 857~12 879 25.5±3.6 16.1~34.8

Table 3

The results of cultivar screening suitable for mechanical grain harvest"

类别Sort 高产、脱水快品种（所处象限）
High yield and quick dehydration (Quadrant)		 高产、含水率高品种（所处象限）
High yield and moisture content (Quadrant)
适宜粒收品种
Cultivars suitable for
mechanical grain harvest		 迪卡159（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、德育919（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、农华205（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、丰垦139（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、东单6531（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、中科玉505（Ⅱ,Ⅱ） 翔玉998（Ⅰ,Ⅰ）
较适宜粒收品种
Cultivars less suitable for mechanical grain harvest		 先玉027（Ⅲ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅱ）、飞天358（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ）、先玉335（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）、真金308（Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅱ）、农华101（Ⅲ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ） 良玉99（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ）、联创808（Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ）、裕丰303（Ⅱ,Ⅰ）、辽单588（Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅳ）

Table 4

The characteristics of recommended maize cultivar in central Liaoning Province"

品种
Cultivar		 试验地点(年份)
Site (Year)		 播种日期(月-日)
Sowing date
(Month -Day)		 收获日期(月-日)
Harvest date
(Month -Day)		 播种至收获天数(d)
Duration from
sowing to harvest		 收获时子粒
含水率(%)
Grain moisture content		 产量
(kg/hm2)
Yield
迪卡159 新民(2014) 5-08 10-22 167 14.1 14 509.5
DK 159 铁岭(2015) 5-15 10-14 149 20.6 13 026.0
沈北新区(2015) 4-24 9-27 156 28.2 10 167.0
海城耿庄(2015) 5-20 10-03 136 22.4 13 485.0
海城南台(2015) 4-26 10-03 160 27.1 11 745.0
铁岭(2016) 4-29 10-21 175 18.7 10 791.0
铁岭(2017) 4-28 10-20 175 19.8 9 774.0
平均 160 21.6 11 928.2
德育919 海城耿庄(2015) 5-20 10-03 136 19.9 11 355.0
Deyu 919 海城南台(2015) 4-26 10-03 160 21.1 10 980.0
平均 148 20.5 11 167.5
农华205 铁岭 5-15 10-14 149 19.8 14 103.0
Nonghua 205 海城耿庄(2015) 5-20 10-03 136 23.4 12 210.0
平均 143 21.6 13 156.5
丰垦139 铁岭(2016) 4-29 10-21 175 18.4 9 267.0
Fengken 139 铁岭(2017) 4-28 10-20 175 18.1 9 973.5
平均 175 18.3 9 620.3
东单6531 海城耿庄(2015) 5-20 10-03 136 23.3 12 075.0
Dongdan 6531 海城南台(2015) 4-26 10-03 160 25.2 10 935.0
平均 148 24.3 11 505.0
中科玉505 铁岭(2015) 5-15 10-14 149 19.9 13 614.0
Zhongkeyu 505 沈北新区(2015) 4-24 9-27 156 24.1 8 836.5
平均 153 22.0 11 225.3
翔玉998 铁岭(2016) 5-06 10-21 168 22.8 9 574.5
Xiangyu 998 铁岭(2017) 4-28 10-20 175 21.8 9 795.0
平均 172 22.3 9 684.8
郑单958 (参照品种1) 铁岭(2003) 5-16 10-20 157 26.1 11 743.5
Zhengdan 958 海城耿庄(2014) 5-10 10-15 158 28.4 12 441.0
(Control cultivar 1) 海城耿庄(2015) 5-20 10-03 136 23.5 11 670.0
平均 150 26.0 11 951.5
先玉335 (参照品种2) 铁岭(2003) 5-16 10-20 157 22.2 12 379.5
Xianyu 335 新民(2014) 5-08 10-22 167 16.1 7 246.5
(Control cultivar 2) 海城耿庄(2014) 5-10 10-15 158 23.5 11 517.0
沈北新区(2015) 4-24 9-27 156 26.0 9 064.5
海城南台(2015) 4-26 10-03 160 25.3 10 372.5
平均 160 22.6 10 116.0

Table 5

Physiological maturity dates and grain moisture contents of the tested cultivars in 2016 and 2017 (Cainiu, Tieling)"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 生理成熟期（月-日）
Maturity date（Month-Day）		 子粒含水率(%)
Grain moisture content		 生理成熟至收获持续时间(d)
Duration from physiological maturity to harvest
2016 翔玉998 9-27 22.8 24
辽单588 10-5 26.3 16
辽单502 10-3 24.0 18
东单1501 9-30 25.1 21
陕单636 9-15 20.1 36
丰垦139 9-11 18.4 40
真金318 9-23 19.9 28
迪卡159 9-25 18.7 26
辽单565 9-29 24.6 22
飞天358 9-26 20.7 25
辽单575 10-3 22.5 18
军玉535 9-23 22.4 28
2017 京科968 10-03 23.4 17
辽单575 10-03 20.7 17
迪卡159 9-23 19.8 27
京科728 9-11 19.4 39
华美1号 9-11 18.1 39
翔玉998 10-03 21.8 17
优迪919 10-03 22.7 17
东单913 9-11 20.3 39
陕单636 9-17 21.4 33
吉单66 9-23 20.1 27
泽玉8911 9-20 20.5 30
泽玉501 9-23 19.4 27
中迪710 9-27 21.1 23
中迪702 9-27 17.3 23
东单1331 10-03 24.9 17
铁研388 9-30 21.7 20
丰垦139 9-09 18.1 41
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