Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 80-86.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.014

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Allocation and Nitrogen Utilization after Anthesis in Wheat

Jiang Lina,Yue Ying,Li Jinna,Zhang Yawen,Zhu Yalin,Li Chunxi   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-12-27 Revised:2018-02-12 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-08-27

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Abstract:

In order to adjust the increasing input of chemical fertilizers while the output is stagnant in Huanghuaihai region, the effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen distribution and nitrogen utilization in different plant organs above ground were studied with local cultivars Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 as materials. Four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0 0, N1 120, N2 240, N3 360kg/hm 2) and variety two-factor analysis were used in the experiment. The results showed that the effects of nitrogen application rate on N content in various organs at flowering and maturing stages of wheat were significant. N content and accumulation in the vegetative organs of wheat at maturity stage declined compared with those at anthesis. Increasing fertilization could significantly improve the translocation of N from vegetative organs to grain and N assimilation after anthesis. The translocation of nitrogen from Zhoumai 22 was better than that of Aikang 58. The nitrogen assimilation of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 after anthesis were both the highest in N3. The contribution rate of accumulated nitrogen before flowering was 60.25%-97.55%. N harvest index of grain was 59.82%-79.48% and decreased as the application of nitrogen increased. Nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and production efficiency were the highest in N1. Nitrogen fertilizer application significantly promoted the grain yield of wheat, Aikang 58 had the highest grain yield at the rate of N3, Zhoumai 22 had the maximum grain yield at the rate of N2, The nitrogen application rates of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 in Huanghuaihai wheat region were 240-360kg/hm 2.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Variety, Nitrogen accumulation, Nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants aboveground at flowering stage"

品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 单株氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation per plant (mg) 群体氮素积累量(kg/hm2)
Population nitrogen accumulation
叶片Leaf 茎鞘Stem and sheath 穗轴+颖壳Coil and glume
矮抗58 Aikang 58 N0 2.74±0.01d 4.51±0.01c 4.42±0.01b 32.87±1.73d
N1 7.74±0.02c 14.86±0.01b 10.50±0.06a 197.60±3.31c
N2 14.34±0.04b 18.91±0.02a 9.49±0.02a 317.00±8.45b
N3 13.70±0.04a 22.00±0.06a 5.60±0.03a 352.66±6.41a
周麦22 Zhoumai 22 N0 2.72±0.01d 6.99±0.01d 2.60±0.01d 34.08±0.72d
N1 13.10±0.04c 19.95±0.02a 10.22±0.01a 200.86±4.84c
N2 14.73±0.02b 17.24±0.12c 9.70±0.01b 369.27±10.91b
N3 18.23±0.01a 17.85±0.04b 8.33±0.01c 401.53±1.70a

Table 2

Nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants above ground at maturing stage"

品种 Variety 处理
Treatment		 单株氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation per plant (mg) 群体氮素积累量(kg/hm2)
Population nitrogen accumulation
叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 穗轴+颖壳
Coil and glume		 子粒
Grain
矮抗58 Aikang 58 N0 0.63±0.00d 2.19±0.01d 1.10±0.01d 9.19±0.00c 71.47±6.15c
N1 1.40±0.00c 4.73±0.00c 6.09±0.02c 33.43±0.05b 186.88±3.39b
N2 2.70±0.01b 6.49±0.00b 4.67±0.03b 37.00±1.03a 399.31±1.26a
N3 2.17±0.01a 6.45±0.02a 2.49±0.01a 33.17±0.02b 400.15±24.91a
周麦22 Zhoumai 22 N0 0.75±0.00d 4.18±0.00d 1.24±0.00d 10.48±0.12d 50.71±14.52d
N1 2.24±0.00c 4.91±0.01c 4.82±0.02a 39.59±1.02b 244.69±8.15c
N2 3.13±0.00b 6.23±0.00b 2.83±0.00c 34.85±1.09c 390.94±21.42a
N3 4.43±0.02a 8.19±0.00a 3.61±0.00b 44.61±0.23a 381.18±20.94ab

Table 3

Nitrogen translocation and transport rates in aerial parts of wheat plants under different treatments"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单株氮素转运量(mg)
Nitrogen translocation per plant		 单株氮素转运率(%)
Nitrogen translocation rate per plant
叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 穗轴+颖壳
Coil and glume		 总转运
Total transition amount		 叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 穗轴+颖壳
Coil and glume
矮抗58 N0 2.11±0.01d 2.32±0.00d 3.32±0.01c 7.75±0.03d 76.12±0.09d 48.35±0.10d 75.06±0.18a
Aikang 58 N1 6.34±0.01c 10.13±0.01c 4.41±0.04b 20.88±0.06c 81.84±0.01b 68.15±0.00b 42.05±0.17d
N2 11.64±0.03a 12.42±0.03b 4.82±0.04a 28.88±0.06b 81.10±0.02c 66.67±0.06c 50.77±0.36c
N3 11.53±0.04b 15.55±0.03a 3.11±0.04d 30.19±0.06a 84.19±0.10a 70.66±0.03a 55.50±0.37b
周麦22 N0 1.97±0.01d 2.81±0.01d 1.36±0.01d 6.14±0.03d 72.70±0.14d 58.82±0.07d 52.07±0.15d
Zhoumai 22 N1 10.86±0.04c 15.04±0.03a 5.40±0.04b 31.30±0.06a 82.96±0.05a 75.42±0.07a 52.87±0.29c
N2 11.6±0.02b 11.01±0.12b 6.87±0.01a 29.48±0.17b 78.76±0.02b 65.58±0.25b 70.88±0.05a
N3 13.8±0.01a 9.66±0.04c 4.72±0.02c 28.18±0.06c 76.05±0.10c 60.32±0.10c 56.69±0.10b

Table 4

Nitrogen translocation and contribution to grain with different treatments"

品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 氮素转运量(kg/hm2)
Nitrogen translocation
amount		 氮素转运率(%)
Nitrogen transport efficiency		 花后氮素同化量(kg/hm2)
Assimilating amount of
nitrogen after anthesis		 氮素转运对子粒贡献率(%)
Nitrogen contribution proportion
矮抗58 Aikang 58 N0 37.43d 66.41c 15.10c 71.25d
N1 122.15c 63.08c 3.07d 97.55a
N2 228.15b 67.57b 23.81b 90.55b
N3 306.43a 73.10a 41.97a 87.95c
周麦22 Zhoumai 22 N0 18.91d 49.88c 12.35c 60.49d
N1 176.22c 72.34a 18.27b 90.61b
N2 269.74a 70.75ab 29.78a 90.06bc
N3 216.42b 63.45b 11.62d 94.90a

Table 5

Nitrogen utilization efficiencies with different treatments"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 子粒氮素产量
(kg/hm2)
Grain nitrogen production		 植株氮素积累量
(kg/hm2)
Total nitrogen accumulation		 氮素收获指数
(kg/kg)
Nitrogen harvest
index		 氮素养分利用率
(kg/kg)
Nitrogen utilization
efficiency		 氮肥农学效率
(kg/kg)
Total nitrogen
agronomic efficiency		 氮素生产效率
(kg/kg)
Nitrogen production
efficiency
矮抗58 N0 30.57d 71.47c 73.50a 24.13d - -
Aikang 58 N1 172.81c 186.88b 67.01c 45.56a 56.58 70.96
N2 232.16b 399.31a 63.10d 25.99c 36.06 43.25
N3 285.80a 400.15a 72.03b 27.48b 25.76 30.55
周麦22 N0 41.21d 50.71d 61.64c 34.90a - -
Zhoumai 22 N1 277.89b 244.69c 79.48a 34.39ab 55.38 70.12
N2 353.02a 390.94a 76.62b 23.93cd 31.60 38.98
N3 251.93c 381.18b 59.82d 23.14d 19.59 24.50

Table 6

Yield components of wheat with different treatments"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 子粒产量Grain yield (kg/hm2) 穗数Ear number (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Grain number per ear 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
矮抗58 N0 1 724.90±25.00d 482.50±27.50c 11.48±0.17d 43.91±0.30d
Aikang 58 N1 8 514.90±55.00c 667.50±172.50b 34.16±0.01a 46.61±0.21c
N2 10 380.00±333.33b 790.00±50.00b 31.26±0.09b 47.20±0.26b
N3 10 997.00±183.33a 1 015.00±25.00a 28.68±0.03c 50.30±0.27a
周麦22 N0 1 769.89±240.00c 230.00±70.00d 11.21±0.10d 48.75±0.24b
Zhoumai 22 N1 8 414.89±495.00b 562.50±12.50c 38.06±0.10a 50.01±0.07a
N2 11 471.56±775.00a 940.00±85.00a 31.28±0.25b 49.42±0.38ab
N3 8 821.56±491.67b 767.50±72.50d 29.05±0.19c 50.06±0.69a
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