Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 130-135.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.01.021

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Yield and Benefit of Winter Wheat and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

Huang Yinling1,Lei Zhongshun2(),Zheng Tao2,Suo Xinxia2   

  1. 1Beiguan District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anyang Municipality, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
    2Yindu District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anyang Municipality, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-07-17 Revised:2019-09-20 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-23
  • Contact: Zhongshun Lei E-mail:hnaylzs@126.com

RichHTML

13

PDF (PC)

284

Abstract:

To explore the effect of different nitrogen concentrations on winter wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties in high fertility area of North Henan, a field experiment was conducted in Fluvo-aquic soil of Anyang County. Six treatments were used in the experiment, including conventional fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer (W1, CK), conventional fertilization with 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W2), conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W3), conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer decrease (W4), conventional fertilization (W5), and conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6). The results showed that the main stem leaf age, secondary roots, tiller numbers, plant height, and ear length of winter wheat were reduced along with N application rate decrease. The conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6) showed best biological charatcers. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Compared with W1 treatment, the W4, W5 and W6 treatments showed no significant difference, but the three treatments differed significantly from other treatments. Compared with W1 and W5 treatments, the economic benefits of W4 treatment increased 5 869.8 yuan/ha and 24.45 yuan/ha respectively. Different nitrogen fertilizer treatments had significant effects on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slow available potassium and soil bulk density, but had no significant effect on pH value. The content of soil total nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the soil bulk density was the lowest when the application of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 5% (W4). Available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. In conclusion, the 5% nitrogen fertilization decrease measure (W4) improved economic and environment benefits significantly.

Key words: Winter wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Economic efficiency, Soil

Table 1

Experimental design of different nitrogen application rates kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 设计
Design		 底肥Base fertilizer 追肥Top application
尿素Urea 过磷酸钙Superphosphate 氯化钾Potassium chloride 尿素Urea
W1 常规施磷钾肥 0 1 000 75 0
W2 常规施肥减施氮肥30% 182.55 1 000 75 205.95
W3 常规施肥减施氮肥15% 221.70 1 000 75 250.05
W4 常规施肥减施氮肥5% 247.80 1 000 75 279.45
W5 常规施肥 260.85 1 000 75 294.15
W6 常规施肥增施氮肥5% 273.90 1 000 75 308.85

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on agronomic characters of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 基本苗
(×104/hm2)
Basic seedling		 越冬期Wintering stage 抽穗期Heading stage 株高(cm)
Plant height		 穗长(cm)
Ear length
主茎叶龄
Main stem leaf age		 次生根数
Secondary root		 茎蘖数
Tiller number		 主茎叶龄
Main stem leaf age		 次生根数
Secondary root		 茎蘖数
Tiller number
W1 321.5a 5.28c 5.94b 2.73d 10.68c 20.06b 1.69b 52.8c 5.4b
W2 322.0a 5.41b 6.23ab 3.16c 11.15b 22.81a 2.19a 63.7b 6.5b
W3 322.0a 5.47b 6.65ab 3.47b 11.32ab 23.13a 2.24a 65.1ab 6.8a
W4 322.5a 5.61a 6.75a 3.60a 11.61a 23.88a 2.30a 65.3ab 7.2a
W5 322.5a 5.62a 6.76a 3.61a 11.65a 23.87a 2.31a 65.4ab 7.3a
W6 323.0a 5.65a 6.76a 3.67a 11.71a 23.86a 2.32a 66.0a 7.3a

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on grain yield and its components of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 穗数(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 产量排名
Production ranking
W1 561.0b 32.4b 39.1b 6 453.0d 6
W2 609.0a 35.7a 42.8a 8 464.5c 5
W3 627.0a 36.9a 43.6a 9 178.5b 4
W4 639.0a 37.5a 43.9a 9 594.0a 3
W5 640.5a 37.5a 43.9a 9 607.5a 2
W6 642.0a 37.5a 43.9a 9 619.5a 1

"

处理
Treatment		 总产值
Total value of output		 追肥人工及尿素投入Topdressing artificial and urea input 较W1增收
Gain more than W1		 较W5增收
Gain more than W5
尿素Urea 人工Labor 小计Subtotal
W1 14 841.90 - - - - -
W2 19 468.35 777.0 300.0 1 077.0 3 549.45 -2 295.90
W3 21 110.55 943.5 300.0 1 243.5 5 025.15 -820.20
W4 22 066.20 1 054.5 300.0 1 354.5 5 869.80 24.45
W5 22 097.25 1 110.0 300.0 1 410.0 5 845.35 -
W6 22 124.85 1 165.5 300.0 1 465.5 5 817.45 -27.90

Table 5

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on soil physical and chemical properties"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质(g/kg)
Organic matter		 全氮(g/kg)
Total nitrogen		 有效磷(mg/kg)
Available phosphorus		 速效钾(mg/kg)
Available potassium		 缓效钾(mg/kg)
Slowly available potassium		 土壤容重(g/cm3)
Soil bulk density
W1 8.0a 15.1b 1.01b 17.1a 142a 770a 1.55a
W2 8.0a 15.5ab 1.04ab 16.5b 140ab 768ab 1.54ab
W3 8.0a 15.9a 1.05ab 16.5b 138ab 765ab 1.52ab
W4 8.0a 15.8a 1.06ab 16.5b 137ab 762b 1.50b
W5 8.0a 15.7a 1.07a 16.4b 135b 762b 1.53ab
W6 8.0a 15.6ab 1.08a 16.6b 137ab 763b 1.53ab
[1] 孙羲, 章永松, 应启肇 , 等. 中国土壤科学新近研究进展. 南京: 江苏科技出版社, 1986: 197-208.
[2] 马宗斌 . 不同形态氮素配施对专用小麦籽粒产量和品质形成的调控研究. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2007.
[3] 张耀兰, 曹承富, 杜世州 , 等. 施氮水平对不同类型小麦产量和品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2009,29(4):652-657.
[4] Gaju O, Allard V, Martre P , et al. Nitrogen partitioning and remobilization in relation to leaf senescence,grain yield and grain nitrogen concentration in wheat cultivars. Field Crops Research, 2014,155:213-223.
[5] 闫湘, 金继运, 何萍 , 等. 提高肥料利用率技术研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2008,41(2):450-459.
[6] 杨旺鑫 . 我国农田氮磷损失影响因素及损失量初步估算. 南京:南京农业大学, 2015.
[7] 张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰 , 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008,45(5):915-924.
[8] 彭畅, 朱平, 牛红红 , 等. 农田氮磷流失与农业非点源污染及其防治. 土壤通报, 2010,41(2):508-512.
[9] Gao W, Howarth, R W, Swaney D P ,et al. Enhanced N input to Lake Dianchi Basin from 1980 to 2010:drivers and consequences. Science of the Total Environment, 2015,505(1):376-384.
[10] 中华人民共和国农业部. 到2020年化肥使用量零增长行动方案. 青海农技推广,2015(2):3-5,11.
[11] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1121. 4-2006土壤检测第4部分:土壤容重的测定.
[12] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1121. 6-2006土壤检测第6部分:土壤有机质的测定.
[13] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 53-1987土壤全氮测定法(半微量开氏法).
[14] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1121. 7-2014土壤检测第7部分:土壤有效磷的测定.
[15] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 889-2004土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量的测定.
[16] 中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1121. 2-2006土壤检测第2部分:土壤pH的测定.
[17] 李宇峰, 尹志刚, 周国勤 , 等. 氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦群体动态及产量的影响. 河南农业科学, 2013,42(8):12-15.
[18] 徐进玉, 张会平 . 小麦氮肥减量施用效果研究. 河南农业, 2017( 9):43-44.
[19] 赵凯男, 常旭虹, 王德梅 , 等. 立体匀播和施氮量对冬小麦产量构成及旗叶光合性能的影响. 作物杂志,2019(1):103-110.
[20] 黄峰, 李新平, 殷贵鸿 , 等. 豫东潮土区不同氮肥用量和基追比对周麦22号农艺性状及产量的影响研究. 作物杂志,2011(2):75-78.
[21] 安志超, 黄玉芳, 马晓晶 , 等. 连续不同施氮对小麦-玉米轮作农田土壤理化性状的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2017,37(11):1461-1466.
[22] 葛顺峰, 彭玲, 任饴华 , 等. 秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重、阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014,47(2):366-373.
[23] 程秀洲, 胡林彬, 邢潇晨 , 等. 豫南地区高肥力地块稻-麦轮作定位减量施肥试验研究. 中国农学通报, 2018,34(36):99-109.
[1] Hua Yan,Zhongwen Yan,Jie Lei. Climate Change Characteristics of Xinyuan during 1981-2018 and Its Impact on Spring Maize [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 140-146.
[2] Hongtao Shen,Fusheng Zhang,Dong Li,Jianhua Qiu,Xinghong Cai,Yubao Qin. Effects of Different Preceding Crops and Planting Density on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Mudanjiang [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 105-111.
[3] Tianwen Wang,Changzhong Li,Guanghai Chen. Effects of Sowing Dates and Densities on Propagation, Growth and Yield of Potato Seeds [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 162-167.
[4] Ruijie Li,Huihui Tang,Qingyan Wang,Yanli Xu,Mengying Fang,Peng Yan,Zhiqiang Dong,Fenglu Zhang. Effects of 5- Aminolevulinic Acid and Ethylene Compounds on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize in Northeast China [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 125-133.
[5] Diwen Chen,Wenling Zhou,Junhua Ao,Ying Huang,Yong Jiang,Xihong Han,Yimin Qin,Hong Shen. Effects of Seaweed Extract on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sweet Corn [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 134-139.
[6] Wei Zhou,Fuzhu Cui,Hongkai Duan,Guohua Hao,Hui Yang,Ruirui Liu. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 156-161.
[7] Yegeng Fan,Haifeng Yan,Rongfa Chen,Lihang Qiu,Huiwen Zhou,Xing Huang,Mengling Weng,Jianming Wu,Yangrui Li,Shengman Wei. The Difference of Single Bud Seedling of the Third Generation of Sugarcane Virus-Free Plantlets with Different Seedcane Sizes and Transplanting Effect [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 194-199.
[8] Xin Liu,Rong Zhu,Mei Yang,Zhangyong Liu. Screening of High-Yield Germplasms for Ratoon Rice and Analysis of High Yield Composition [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 28-33.
[9] Weixing Liu,Qunling He,Fengye Zhang,Xiaoyu Fan,Lei Chen,Ke Li,Jihua Wu. AMMI Model Analysis on Regional Trials of Large-Seeded Peanut Varieties [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 60-64.
[10] Zhichang Yang,Tao Shen,Zhuo Luo,Zhi Peng,Yuqian Hu,Tao Zi,Tinghao Xiong,Haixing Song. Effects of Low Nitrogen Rate Combined with High Planting Density on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Machine-Transplanted Double Cropping Rice [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 71-81.
[11] Tianxin Chen,Yanjie Wang,Yan Zhang,Xuhong Chang,Zhiqiang Tao,Demei Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu,Akang Liu,Shubing Shi,Guangcai Zhao. Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Photosyntheticand Physiological Indexes and Yield of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 88-96.
[12] Bo Zhang,Tiantian Gao,Hongbo Cheng,Rui Li,Yuwei Chai,Yawei Li,Shouxi Chai. Effects of Mulching on Water Content of Plant and Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(2): 97-104.
[13] Jing Peipei,Ren Hongru,Yang Hongjian,Dai Qigen. Effects of Saline Stress on Leaf Photosynthesis Characteristics and Grain Yield of Two Rice Cultivars (Lines) [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(1): 67-75.
[14] Zhang Yongqiang,Qi Xiaoxiao,Zhang Lu,Dong Huiyun,Chen Chuanxin, Sailihan·Sai,Xue Lihua,Chen Xingwu,Lei Junjie. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(1): 141-145.
[15] Yang Wenbiao,Zhang Huiyu,Li Ying,Qi Zewei,Liu Kaikai,Gao Zhiqiang,Sun Min,Xue Jianfu. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Potential Productivity of Winter Wheat and Meteorological Factor Analysis in Shanxi Province [J]. Crops, 2020, 36(1): 161-167.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Yuan Wang,Ze Guo,Xiaohui Li,Shixiao Xu,Xuexia Xing,Siqi Zhang,Jia He,Chao Liu,Fang Chen,Tiezhao Yang. Effects of Meloidogyne incognita Infection on Tobacco Root System under Different Temperatures[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 161 -166 .
[2] . [J]. Crops, 2006, 22(4): 39 .
[3] . [J]. Crops, 1986, 2(2): 24 -25 .
[4] . [J]. Crops, 1992, 8(3): 10 -11 .
[5] . [J]. Crops, 1994, 10(2): 35 -37 .
[6] . [J]. Crops, 1995, 11(2): 36 -38 .
[7] . [J]. Crops, 1991, 7(2): 1 -3 .
[8] . [J]. Crops, 2014, 30(2): 157 -158 .
[9] . [J]. Crops, 1997, 13(5): 13 -15 .
[10] . [J]. Crops, 2011, 27(2): 75 -78 .