Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 130-135.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.01.021

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Yield and Benefit of Winter Wheat and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

Huang Yinling1,Lei Zhongshun2(),Zheng Tao2,Suo Xinxia2   

  1. 1Beiguan District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anyang Municipality, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
    2Yindu District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anyang Municipality, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-07-17 Revised:2019-09-20 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-23
  • Contact: Zhongshun Lei E-mail:hnaylzs@126.com

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Abstract:

To explore the effect of different nitrogen concentrations on winter wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties in high fertility area of North Henan, a field experiment was conducted in Fluvo-aquic soil of Anyang County. Six treatments were used in the experiment, including conventional fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer (W1, CK), conventional fertilization with 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W2), conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W3), conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer decrease (W4), conventional fertilization (W5), and conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6). The results showed that the main stem leaf age, secondary roots, tiller numbers, plant height, and ear length of winter wheat were reduced along with N application rate decrease. The conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6) showed best biological charatcers. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Compared with W1 treatment, the W4, W5 and W6 treatments showed no significant difference, but the three treatments differed significantly from other treatments. Compared with W1 and W5 treatments, the economic benefits of W4 treatment increased 5 869.8 yuan/ha and 24.45 yuan/ha respectively. Different nitrogen fertilizer treatments had significant effects on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slow available potassium and soil bulk density, but had no significant effect on pH value. The content of soil total nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the soil bulk density was the lowest when the application of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 5% (W4). Available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. In conclusion, the 5% nitrogen fertilization decrease measure (W4) improved economic and environment benefits significantly.

Key words: Winter wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Economic efficiency, Soil

Table 1

Experimental design of different nitrogen application rates kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 设计
Design		 底肥Base fertilizer 追肥Top application
尿素Urea 过磷酸钙Superphosphate 氯化钾Potassium chloride 尿素Urea
W1 常规施磷钾肥 0 1 000 75 0
W2 常规施肥减施氮肥30% 182.55 1 000 75 205.95
W3 常规施肥减施氮肥15% 221.70 1 000 75 250.05
W4 常规施肥减施氮肥5% 247.80 1 000 75 279.45
W5 常规施肥 260.85 1 000 75 294.15
W6 常规施肥增施氮肥5% 273.90 1 000 75 308.85

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on agronomic characters of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 基本苗
(×104/hm2)
Basic seedling		 越冬期Wintering stage 抽穗期Heading stage 株高(cm)
Plant height		 穗长(cm)
Ear length
主茎叶龄
Main stem leaf age		 次生根数
Secondary root		 茎蘖数
Tiller number		 主茎叶龄
Main stem leaf age		 次生根数
Secondary root		 茎蘖数
Tiller number
W1 321.5a 5.28c 5.94b 2.73d 10.68c 20.06b 1.69b 52.8c 5.4b
W2 322.0a 5.41b 6.23ab 3.16c 11.15b 22.81a 2.19a 63.7b 6.5b
W3 322.0a 5.47b 6.65ab 3.47b 11.32ab 23.13a 2.24a 65.1ab 6.8a
W4 322.5a 5.61a 6.75a 3.60a 11.61a 23.88a 2.30a 65.3ab 7.2a
W5 322.5a 5.62a 6.76a 3.61a 11.65a 23.87a 2.31a 65.4ab 7.3a
W6 323.0a 5.65a 6.76a 3.67a 11.71a 23.86a 2.32a 66.0a 7.3a

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on grain yield and its components of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 穗数(×104/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 产量排名
Production ranking
W1 561.0b 32.4b 39.1b 6 453.0d 6
W2 609.0a 35.7a 42.8a 8 464.5c 5
W3 627.0a 36.9a 43.6a 9 178.5b 4
W4 639.0a 37.5a 43.9a 9 594.0a 3
W5 640.5a 37.5a 43.9a 9 607.5a 2
W6 642.0a 37.5a 43.9a 9 619.5a 1

"

处理
Treatment		 总产值
Total value of output		 追肥人工及尿素投入Topdressing artificial and urea input 较W1增收
Gain more than W1		 较W5增收
Gain more than W5
尿素Urea 人工Labor 小计Subtotal
W1 14 841.90 - - - - -
W2 19 468.35 777.0 300.0 1 077.0 3 549.45 -2 295.90
W3 21 110.55 943.5 300.0 1 243.5 5 025.15 -820.20
W4 22 066.20 1 054.5 300.0 1 354.5 5 869.80 24.45
W5 22 097.25 1 110.0 300.0 1 410.0 5 845.35 -
W6 22 124.85 1 165.5 300.0 1 465.5 5 817.45 -27.90

Table 5

Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on soil physical and chemical properties"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质(g/kg)
Organic matter		 全氮(g/kg)
Total nitrogen		 有效磷(mg/kg)
Available phosphorus		 速效钾(mg/kg)
Available potassium		 缓效钾(mg/kg)
Slowly available potassium		 土壤容重(g/cm3)
Soil bulk density
W1 8.0a 15.1b 1.01b 17.1a 142a 770a 1.55a
W2 8.0a 15.5ab 1.04ab 16.5b 140ab 768ab 1.54ab
W3 8.0a 15.9a 1.05ab 16.5b 138ab 765ab 1.52ab
W4 8.0a 15.8a 1.06ab 16.5b 137ab 762b 1.50b
W5 8.0a 15.7a 1.07a 16.4b 135b 762b 1.53ab
W6 8.0a 15.6ab 1.08a 16.6b 137ab 763b 1.53ab
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