Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 204-213.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.027

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Effects of Bacillus vallismortis and Straw Replacing Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tartary Buckwheat

Hao Yani1(), Pei Hongbin2,3(), Gao Zhenfeng4, Zhang Yijun3, Yang Zhenping1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2College of Modern Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, Shanxi, China
    3College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    4Agricultural Products Storage and Preservation Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2022-09-27 Revised:2023-02-07 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Pei Hongbin E-mail:hyni0120@126.com;bbpei65110@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to achieve low-phosphorus cultivation of Tartary buckwheat, pot experiments were conducted using the Tartary buckwheat variety ?Jinqiao 6? as the test material, the combination treatments of straw [0 g/kg soil (J0), 4 g/kg soil (J1)] and Bacillus vallismortis gz4-1, bacterial liquid concentration [0 (P0), 104 (P1), 106 (P2), 108 (P3), 1010 (P4) cfu/mL] were set. Using normal fertilization as control (CK) to determine the effects of combined application of organophorus degrading bacteria B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw on the growth, yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that compared with no straw application, B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw could significantly improve the root mass, main root length, total root length and yield of Tartary buckwheat, and showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of bacterial solution concentration. In the combined treatment of B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw, the bacterial liquid concentration of P2 and P3 had the best effects, and the root surface area, root volume, stem diameter, root activity, acid phosphatase activity and the number of ears of Tartary buckwheat reached the optimal growth value under the P2 treatment. However, the root fresh weight, dry weight, main root length, total root length, plant height, stem and leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, yield and flavonoids content of Tartary buckwheat reached the optimal growth value under P3 treatment. In addition, compared with CK, the replacement of P fertilizer by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw could promote the production of Tartary buckwheat and significantly increase the yield of Tartary buckwheat when the concentration of B.vallismortis gz4-1 were the concentrations of P2 and P3. Therefore, it was recommended that the optimal concentration of B.vallismortis gz4-1 in the combined treatment of B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw were 106-108 cfu/mL.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, Organophosphate degrading bacteria, Phosphate substitute, Straw, Phosphorus absorption

Table 1

Changes of root morphological indexes of Tartary buckwheat at flowering stage by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

处理
Treatment		 鲜重
Fresh weight (g)		 干重
Dry weight (g)		 主根长
Main root length (cm)		 总根长
Total root length (cm)		 根系表面积
Root surface area (cm2)		 根系体积
Root volume (cm3)
CK 2.45±0.21b 0.25±0.06bc 29.47±0.92cd 709.8±43.3ab 42.10±3.93ab 5.66±1.29abc
J0 P0 1.64±0.24de 0.15±0.01d 20.07±1.14ef 395.7±50.5d 23.70±2.80c 2.51±0.44c
P1 1.20±0.08f 0.16±0.02d 16.37±0.92f 543.9±54.6c 29.34±2.98bc 3.52±0.57bc
P2 2.16±0.16bc 0.16±0.03d 36.30±0.32b 696.3±83.6ab 45.03±12.64ab 6.58±2.68ab
P3 2.07±0.20bc 0.26±0.06bc 36.10±2.17b 424.6±31.5d 22.92±1.70c 2.38±0.11c
P4 0.98±0.17e 0.12±0.02d 26.00±0.42e 394.1±82.3c 22.79±4.88c 2.03±0.57c
J1 P0 1.07±0.47e 0.28±0.13bc 30.53±0.90cd 461.2±105.2d 22.11±3.39c 1.68±0.26c
P1 2.58±0.54b 0.37±0.02ab 31.07±1.57cd 512.7±77.5c 24.80±3.44c 1.97±0.28c
P2 2.53±0.14b 0.39±0.02ab 37.63±2.69b 830.8±46.7a 48.99±5.48a 7.64±2.28a
P3 3.33±0.42a 0.47±0.05a 54.90±6.41a 562.1±98.9c 30.39±4.79bc 3.37±0.84bc
P4 1.83±0.50d 0.35±0.11ab 31.60±0.66cd 598.3±62.4c 31.23±0.31bc 3.69±0.76bc

Fig.1

Changes of root activity indexes of Tartary buckwheat at flowering stage by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05), the same below."

Table 2

Changes of stem and leaf morphological indexes of Tartary buckwheat at flowering stage by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

处理
Treatment		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 鲜重（g/株）
Fresh weight (g/plant)		 干重（g/株）
Dry weight (g/plant)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)		 花序数
Flower ordinal number
CK 5.06±0.30ab 69.77±0.76cd 25.67±1.70b 2.34±0.47bc 30.99±2.76de 11.00±0.88bcd
J0 P0 3.23±0.03e 53.93±1.51f 12.53±0.09d 1.48±0.07de 20.75±19.06f 8.00±0.58e
P1 3.85±0.39cde 60.60±1.25ef 16.40±1.15cd 1.83±0.21cde 27.69±2.82ef 9.00±0.38de
P2 5.03±0.15ab 66.43±3.02de 25.07±1.58b 2.80±0.21b 38.42±0.88c 10.00±1.20cde
P3 4.33±0.34cd 74.13±1.23bc 24.70±1.62b 2.54±0.23bc 37.67±1.01c 12.00±0.88abc
P4 3.59±0.14de 60.67±1.89ef 13.83±1.48d 1.47±0.07de 29.86±1.38e 9.00±0.33de
J1 P0 4.57±0.02bc 60.87±1.79ef 12.49±0.34d 1.11±0.14e 28.97±1.67e 9.00±0.58de
P1 4.83±0.13b 67.10±1.10de 15.05±1.13cd 1.78±0.12cde 30.35±1.84de 9.00±0.33de
P2 5.81±0.40a 77.33±3.53ab 25.75±1.11b 2.29±0.11bc 50.31±4.32b 13.00±0.33ab
P3 4.88±0.42b 83.27±4.29a 32.05±2.46a 4.27±0.47a 58.36±2.36a 13.00±0.57a
P4 4.87±0.09b 65.30±0.55de 19.16±2.33c 2.11±0.17bcd 45.91±1.68b 9.00±0.88de

Fig.2

Changes of acid phosphatase activity indexes of Tartary buckwheat at flowering stage by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

Fig.3

Changes of chlorophyll content indexes of Tartary buckwheat at flowering stage by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

Table 3

Changes of physical and chemical properties indexes of Tartary buckwheat soil by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

处理Treatment pH 有机质Organic matter (g/kg) 速效磷Available phosphorus (mg/kg) 速效钾Available potassium (mg/kg)
Natural soil生土 8.44±0.03a 20.63±1.15a 10.55±1.08b 111.40±0.18i
CK 8.08±0.02b 5.15±0.01d 14.06±0.40a 149.83±0.99f
J0 P0 8.07±0.03b 7.71±0.03b 5.93±0.13de 121.50±0.64h
P1 8.02±0.02bc 7.20±0.07b 5.82±0.68de 142.40±1.07g
P2 8.01±0.00bc 5.01±0.01d 4.80±0.20e 217.13±2.23c
P3 8.01±0.02bcd 5.15±0.01d 5.62±0.08de 123.53±1.59h
P4 7.96±0.04cde 6.07±0.04cd 6.38±0.18d 123.43±1.07h
J1 P0 7.95±0.02cde 7.54±0.18b 4.73±0.10e 252.57±1.56a
P1 7.98±0.00cde 5.84±0.05cd 5.39±0.07de 239.73±3.55b
P2 7.93±0.04def 6.63±0.07bc 5.27±0.21de 157.33±0.96e
P3 7.90±0.00ef 5.52±0.16d 5.04±0.04de 166.20±0.51d
P4 7.86±0.04f 6.86±0.01bc 8.82±0.15c 163.33±1.63d

Table 4

Changes of yield and component factors of Tartary buckwheat at mature period by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

处理
Treatment		 单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 单株果穗数
Number of ears per plant		 产量（g/盆）
Yield (g/pot)
CK 2.69±0.07b 14.38±0.96abc 14.67±0.88b 13.90±0.75d
J0 P0 0.89±0.04g 10.65±0.14d 6.00±0.58e 7.54±0.12g
P1 1.26±0.12f 12.32±0.32cd 9.67±0.33cd 10.58±0.38f
P2 1.90±0.04d 13.43±0.54bc 11.00±0.58c 15.88±0.22c
P3 1.73±0.08de 14.27±0.78abc 10.67±0.67c 12.60±0.17de
P4 1.54±0.05e 12.66±0.83cd 6.67±0.67e 12.28±0.16de
J1 P0 1.73±0.08de 11.10±0.38d 7.67±0.33de 12.07±0.20ef
P1 1.75±0.06de 12.23±0.40cd 10.67±1.45c 13.43±0.36de
P2 2.36±0.03c 15.53±1.35ab 16.33±0.33a 18.37±1.07a
P3 3.01±0.13a 15.99±0.43a 14.67±0.88b 16.81±0.94b
P4 2.35±0.07c 13.46±0.40bc 11.33±1.20c 13.39±0.13de

Fig.4

Changes of soluble protein contents of Tartary buckwheat grains at mature period by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

Fig.5

Changes of flavonoids contents of Tartary buckwheat grains at mature period by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw instead of phosphate fertilizer"

Fig.6

Correlation analysis of grain quality and plant indexes of Tartary buckwheat substituted for phosphate fertilizer by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw"

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