Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 162-171.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.023

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Effects of Application Period of Microbial Inoculants on Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Diversity, Enzyme Activity and Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

Zhang Jili1(), He Jinghao2, Wei Jianyu1, Huang Chongjun1, Wang Wei2, Cai Yixia3()   

  1. 1China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
    2College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    3College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2023-10-23 Revised:2024-02-23 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

To confirm the period of microbial agent application, this study explored the impact of applying microbial agents at different stages on the soil microbial diversity, enzyme activity, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Four treatments were set: application at ridging period (A1), application at transplanting (A2), application at bulk curing stage (A3), and no application (CK). The bacterial community structure under different treatments was sequenced using 16S rDNA. Meanwhile, soil enzyme activity, relevant indicators of flue-cured tobacco production and quality were determined, and field disease conditions were investigated to clarify the relationship among soil, bacteria, and flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of microbial agents significantly increased the number of Observed species, Shannon index, and Simpson index of observed bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil. Compared with A1 and A3 treatments, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes were highest in the rhizosphere soil under A2 treatment. At the same time, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased. The activities of polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, urease, and catalase were highest in the rhizosphere soil, and the incidence rate and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt were significantly decreased. It could also increase the yield, output value, average price, and the proportion of surperior tobacco. The application of microbial inoculants during transplanting had a notable preventive effect against tobacco bacterial wilt. It also effectively enriched the beneficial bacterial community in the rhizospheric soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, improved the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, and ultimately increased the economic benefits of tobacco cultivation.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Rhizosphere soil, Microbial inoculants, Bacterial diversity, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Effects of microbial inoculant application period on soil enzyme activity U/g"

处理Treatment 多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase 蔗糖酶Sucrase 脲酶Urease 过氧化氢酶Catalase
CK 17.79±0.12c 58.22±1.02c 283.25±2.04d 15.72±0.30c
A1 20.00±0.21b 62.20±0.13b 320.11±1.19c 21.63±1.16b
A2 20.92±0.12a 67.82±0.10a 408.80±0.97a 26.46±1.12a
A3 19.63±0.18b 62.54±0.17b 337.27±1.45b 23.41±1.15ab

Table 2

Analysis of the alpha diversity index of bacterial communities during the application period of microbial agents"

处理
Treatment		 观测到的物种
Observed species		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 物种覆盖度
Species coverage		 香农指数
Shannon index		 辛普森指数
Simpson index
CK 3401.50±1.73c 3602.02±170.87c 0.93±0.00 8.36±0.04c 0.86±0.01c
A1 3405.27±3.77c 4105.77±3.75b 0.98±0.00 9.07±0.01b 0.94±0.01b
A2 3881.33±10.23a 4625.90±7.41a 0.98±0.00 9.63±0.13a 0.99±0.01a
A3 3601.73±45.34b 4414.59±39.11a 0.98±0.00 9.30±0.11b 0.92±0.02b

Fig.1

Evolutionary tree of soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of tobacco plant"

Fig.2

Effects of the application period of microbial inoculants on the distribution of bacterial community structure in rhizospheric soil"

Fig.3

Cluster diagram of the top ten bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco based on horizontal ordination"

Fig.4

Network diagram of horizontally crucial bacteria symbiosis in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil The edges connecting nodes represent their relationships: red edges indicate positive correlations, while green edges indicate negative correlations. Node colors represent their respective phyla."

Fig.5

Topological structure-related indicators of symbiotic network of soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco"

Table 3

Effects of application period of microbial agents on the occurrence of bacterial wilt %"

处理
Treatment		 青枯病Bacterial wilt
发病率
Incidence rate		 病情指数
Disease index		 相对防治效果
Relative control effect
CK 66.91±1.00a 38.27±1.03a －
A1 37.96±0.46b 20.19±1.03b 47.25±2.69b
A2 19.02±1.24d 11.16±0.37c 70.82±0.96a
A3 31.64±0.83c 19.10±1.67b 50.08±4.37b

Table 4

Effects of application period of microbial agents on the conventional chemical composition of C3F tobacco leaves"

处理
Treatment		 总氮
Total nitrogen
(%)		 钾含量
K content
(%)		 烟碱
Nicotine
(%)		 还原糖
Reducing
sugar (%)		 总糖
Total
sugar (%)		 两糖差
Disaccharide
difference (%)		 氮碱比
Nitrogen-
alkali ratio		 糖碱比
Sugar-
alkali ratio
CK 1.53±0.05c 2.18±0.02b 1.82±0.11b 14.83±0.78b 21.60±0.84b 6.77±0.22b 0.84±0.39a 11.90±0.62a
A1 1.86±0.06b 2.89±0.17a 2.20±0.10ab 18.54±0.48a 24.34±0.54a 5.80±0.26a 0.85±0.06a 11.11±0.41a
A2 2.13±0.05a 2.88±0.21a 2.48±0.16a 19.61±0.33a 25.56±0.12a 5.96±0.24a 0.86±0.04a 10.37±0.59a
A3 2.02±0.01a 2.90±0.17a 2.46±0.21a 20.09±0.09a 26.18±0.42a 6.09±0.37a 0.83±0.07a 10.81±1.03a

Table 5

Effects of application period of microbial agents on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output value (yuan/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price (yuan/kg)		 上等烟比例
Superior tobacco percentage (%)		 中等烟比例
Medium tobacco percentage (%)
CK 1929.51±32.89d 51 031.92±1944.98d 26.44±0.70d 35.87±0.50d 41.12±1.46ab
A1 2213.35±25.37c 65 105.02±1858.17c 29.41±0.61c 43.03±1.18c 44.00±1.08a
A2 2491.82±18.68a 84 118.96±1106.29a 33.76±0.56a 56.82±0.46a 39.95±0.12b
A3 2361.84±22.18b 74 962.31±1025.37b 31.74±0.37b 46.89±0.80b 44.03±1.01a

Fig.6

Heatmap depicting the correlations between the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, status of bacterial wilt disease, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco The figure is a heatmap illustrating the correlations between soil enzyme activities, tobacco black shank disease incidence, tobacco quality, and yield. Orange lines represent highly significant correlations (P < 0.01). Green lines represent significant correlations (P < 0.05). Grey lines represent non-significant correlations."

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