Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 155-161.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.022

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Matter Transfer and Protein Content in Black Wheat

Mi Dongming1(), Zhou Zuoyan1, Zhang Xiaoyan1, Fan Zhenjie1, Sun Peijie1, Huang Xiao2, Ren Aixia1, Sun Min1, Ren Yongkang1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
    2Shanxi Academy of Analytical Sciences, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2024-02-03 Revised:2024-04-23 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

An experiment was carried out in Jinzhong, Shanxi in 2019-2020 to determine the ideal nitrogen application rate and to demonstrate the differences in the matter transfer of several black wheat varieties. The study examined the effects of four nitrogen application rates (0, 180, 240, and 300 kg/ha) on the plant matter transfer and grain protein contents of Donghei 1 (DH1) and Zimai 8555 (ZM8555). The results indicated that applying 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 and 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 significantly increased the dry matter amount at maturity, post-flowering dry matter accumulation, and its contribution to grain, post-flowering nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to grain, and enhanced the ability of nitrogen absorption and utilization. Compared to other nitrogen applications, the application of 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of spikes and 1000-grain weight, as well as a yield increase of 12%-56%, reaching up to 7691.76 kg/ha. Similarly, applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 led to a significant increase in 1000-grain weight and a yield increase of 12%-50%, reaching up to 7283.90 kg/ha. Application of 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 resulted in a significant increase in globulin, gliadin, and glutelin contents. It also led to an increase in albumin content and protein content by 4.0%-18.4%. Similarly, applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 significantly increased the contents of albumin, globulin, and gliadin proteins, it also increased glutelin content, protein content was increased by 3.3%-8.9%. In the experiment, applying 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 and 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 resulted in a simultaneous improvement in both yield and grain protein contents.

Key words: Black wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Dry matter transfer, Nitrogen translocation, Protein content

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen application rates on plant height and dry matter accumulation in black wheat at different growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05)."

Table 1

Effects of nitrogen application rates on dry matter transfer before anthesis and dry matter accumulation after flowering in black wheat"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 花前干物质Dry matter before flowering 花后干物质Dry matter after flowering
转运量
Transfer amount
(kg/hm2)		 转运效率
Transfer efficiency
(%)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate
to grain (%)		 积累量
Accmulation amount
(kg/hm2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate
to grain (%)
DH1 N0 2356.38d 21.43a 49.90a 2466.47d 50.10c
N180 2533.65c 21.11a 40.22b 3765.05c 59.78b
N240 2804.59a 21.90a 36.46c 4887.17a 63.54a
N300 2708.23b 21.83a 39.35b 4174.75b 60.65b
ZM8555 N0 2399.95d 22.99ab 49.53a 2445.61d 50.47c
N180 2716.57c 21.59b 37.30c 4567.33a 62.70a
N240 2796.36b 23.72a 42.86b 3728.71c 57.14b
N300 2844.33a 23.34a 42.82b 3798.73b 57.18b

Table 2

Effect of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen translocation in black wheat"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 花前氮素NTA 花后氮素NAA
积累量
Accmulation amount (kg/hm2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate to grain (%)		 积累量
Accmulation amount (kg/hm2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate to grain (%)
DH1 N0 50.61c 45.69a 60.14d 54.31c
N180 63.07b 39.12b 98.14c 60.88b
N240 75.13a 36.68c 129.72a 63.32a
N300 63.95b 36.89c 109.41b 63.11a
ZM8555 N0 69.49c 57.50a 51.35d 42.50d
N180 58.34d 29.49d 139.48a 70.51a
N240 52.68b 31.09c 116.76b 68.91b
N300 65.64b 37.61b 108.91c 62.39c

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rates on yield and its components of black wheat"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 穗数Spike number (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Grains per spike 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
DH1 N0 396.83d 33.95a 30.94c 4922.85d
N180 458.94b 34.80a 34.19b 6298.70c
N240 507.38a 33.83a 36.69a 7691.76a
N300 445.51c 35.01a 35.04ab 6882.98b
ZM8555 N0 395.26d 33.01c 27.51c 4845.56d
N180 456.04c 34.41b 34.82a 7283.90a
N240 496.58a 33.83bc 33.71b 6525.07c
N300 472.31b 35.99a 33.62b 6643.06b

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen application rates on nitrogen absorption and utilization of black wheat"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 氮素利用效率
NUE (kg/kg)		 氮素吸收效率
NUPE (kg/kg)		 氮肥农学利用效率
NAE (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
NPFP (kg/kg)		 氮素收获指数
NHI
DH1 N0 － － － － －
N180 29.73a 1.19a 8.20b 34.99a 0.76a
N240 26.10b 1.23a 11.95a 32.05b 0.70ab
N300 25.41c 0.90b 6.87c 22.94c 0.64b
ZM8555 N0 － － － － －
N180 26.07b 1.55a 13.55a 40.47a 0.71b
N240 28.42a 0.96b 7.00b 27.19b 0.74a
N300 24.84c 0.89c 5.99c 22.14c 0.65c

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen application rate on protein and its components contents of black wheat grain %"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 清蛋白Albumin 球蛋白Globulin 醇溶蛋白Gliadin 谷蛋白Glutelin 蛋白质含量Protein content
DH1 N0 1.41b 1.29c 5.68c 3.38c 12.82b
N180 2.37a 1.54b 5.87b 3.93b 14.59ab
N240 2.47a 1.70a 6.21a 4.06a 15.18a
N300 2.44a 1.55b 5.91b 3.90b 14.36ab
ZM8555 N0 1.14d 1.12c 6.20c 4.38b 14.22b
N180 1.99a 1.42a 6.53a 4.76a 15.48a
N240 1.82c 1.24bc 6.36b 4.70a 14.80ab
N300 1.91b 1.27b 6.36b 4.71a 14.98a
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