节水灌溉条件下氮肥密度互作对双季晚稻丰源优299肥料利用率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为构建水稻高产高效节水栽培技术模式,通过大田小区试验,研究了在节水灌溉条件下施氮量和栽植密度对双季晚稻丰源优299肥料利用率的影响。结果表明：施氮量、栽植密度及氮密互作对水稻氮磷钾素吸收和肥料利用率的影响均显著。随着施氮量的增加,水稻植株氮素与磷素吸收量呈先增长后减少的趋势,吸钾量呈现出先增加后减少再增加的趋势。随着密度的增加,植株总吸氮量与总吸钾量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,总吸磷量呈现逐步增加的趋势。低氮处理的氮肥贡献率、土壤氮素依存率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力最高,显著高于中氮处理;高密处理提高了氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥贡献率。水稻经济产量与茎叶氮磷钾素吸收量呈极显著正相关,与氮肥贡献率呈极显著正相关。因此,合理的施氮量和栽植密度组合（N₁T₃）能够形成水稻高产高效的群体结构,提高肥料利用率,进而提高水稻生产效益。

关键词: 水稻, 节水灌溉, 肥密互作, 肥料利用率

Abstract:

For building high yield and high efficiency water saving planting technology model of rice, field plot test was used to study the effect of nitrogen application and planting density under the condition of water saving irrigation on the fertilizer utilization ratio of double season late rice Fengyuanyou 299. Results indicated that amount of nitrogen application, planting density and interaction effects of nitrogen and density had great significant effects on N P K absorption and fertilizer utilization ratio. With the amount of nitrogen increasing, rice plant uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen showed a trend of firstly increase and then decrease, and potassium uptake showed an increase after the first decrease and then increase trend. As the density increases, plant total nitrogen absorption and potassium absorption showed a trend of firstly decrease and then increase, total phosphorus absorption showed a gradual increasing trend. Fertilizer contribution rate of low nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen dependency rate in soil, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and N fertilizer partial productivity maximum, significantly higher than the medium nitrogen treatment; generally high-density processing more conducive to utilization and absorption of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the contribution rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Rice economic yield had significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) with the N P K absorption of stem and leaf and the nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate. Therefore, a reasonable amount of nitrogen application and planting density (N₁T₃) in rice can form a high yield and high efficiency group structure effectively, improve fertilizer utilization ratio, and improve the efficiency of rice production.

Key words: Rice, Water-saving irrigation, Interactive of fertilizer and density, Fertilizer utilization ratio

龙文飞,傅志强,李海林. 节水灌溉条件下氮肥密度互作对双季晚稻丰源优299肥料利用率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016 (5): 124–130

Wenfei Long,Zhiqiang Fu,Hailin Li. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Planting Density on Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Late Rice Fengyuanyou 299 under the Condition of Water Saving Irrigation[J]. Crops, 2016(5): 124–130

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处理 Treatments		茎鞘吸氮量 Stem-sheath N uptake	叶吸氮量 Leaf N uptake	穗吸氮量 Spike N uptake	总吸氮量 Total N uptake
N₀	T₁	7.9iH	10.8hG	78.4cCD	97.1eD
	T₂	4.2jI	8.7iH	40.9hG	53.8gF
	T₃	11.1hG	11.3ghG	57.6gF	80.0fE
N₁	T₁	22.6fE	12.5gG	91.7bB	126.8bB
	T₂	22.6fE	21.0fF	67.7deE	111.3dC
	T₃	19.9gF	33.1abAB	59.1fgF	112.1dC
N₂	T₁	28.1cD	30.5cC	102.6aA	161.2aA
	T₂	26.0dD	21.0fF	72.2dDE	119.2cBC
	T₃	24.7eD	34.3aA	97.4abAB	156.4aA
N₃	T₁	28.9cC	28.2dD	64.5efEF	121.6bcB
	T₂	30.9bB	25.2eE	44.2hG	100.3eD
	T₃	46.2aA	32.0bcBC	83.6cC	161.8aA
F值F-values	N	1 671.7^**	1 293.8^**	223.2^**	629.7^**
	T	288.6^**	267.8^**	179.3^**	327.2^**
	N×T	348.3^**	84.8^**	35.4^**	66.0^**
与产量相关性Correlation coefficient with yield		0.80^**	0.80^**	0.31	0.70^**

处理 Treatments		茎鞘吸磷量 Stem-sheath P uptake	叶吸磷量 Leaf P uptake	穗吸磷量 Spike P uptake	总吸磷量 Total P uptake
N₀	T₁	1.3fDE	0.8cC	15.9cC	18.1dD
	T₂	1.0fE	0.5dC	11.1eEF	12.6eE
	T₃	1.9eD	0.7cdC	9.8fF	12.5eE
N₁	T₁	3.5cC	0.8cC	12.6dDE	16.9dD
	T₂	3.1cdC	1.4bB	23.6aA	28.0aA
	T₃	3.1cdC	1.9aA	13.0dD	18.1dD
N₂	T₁	3.3cdC	2.0aA	12.6dDE	17.8dD
	T₂	3.3cdC	1.4bB	17.5bBC	22.1cC
	T₃	2.9dC	2.1aA	17.9bB	22.9cC
N₃	T₁	4.2bB	1.9aA	5.8hG	11.9eE
	T₂	3.2cdC	1.5bB	7.3gG	11.9eE
	T₃	6.5aA	2.2aA	17.4bBC	26.0bB
F值F-values	N	178.5^**	137.0^**	136.9^**	118.5^**
	T	46.0^**	44.7^**	69.5^**	78.8^**
	N×T	34.7^**	14.8^**	168.8^**	201.7^**
与产量相关性Correlation coefficient with yield		0.75^**	0.79^**	0.24	0.48

处理 Treatments		茎鞘吸钾量 Stem-sheath K uptake	叶吸钾量 Leaf K uptake	穗吸钾量 Spike K uptake	总吸钾量 Total K uptake
N₀	T₁	31.4fE	14.3gEF	12.1bB	57.8gF
	T₂	18.9gF	8.0iH	6.1fG	33.0iH
	T₃	30.3fE	11.2hG	7.1efFG	48.6hG
N₁	T₁	64.3bB	12.5hFG	9.0dDE	85.8eD
	T₂	66.6bB	18.1eD	12.1bB	96.8cC
	T₃	59.3cC	30.9aA	6.5fFG	96.7cC
N₂	T₁	52.6dD	22.6cC	7.8eEF	83.0eD
	T₂	49.1eD	16.2fDE	9.9cdCD	75.2fE
	T₃	56.6cC	25.2bB	19.2aA	101.0bB
N₃	T₁	51.8deD	20.9dC	3.5gH	76.2fE
	T₂	66.4bB	22.4cC	4.4gH	93.3dC
	T₃	79.3aA	24.7bB	11.0cBC	114.9aA
F值F-values	N	901.6^**	237.9^**	76.1^**	1 238.9^**
	T	61.6^**	265.7^**	120.4^**	359.6^**
	N×T	84.7^**	123.2^**	233.0^**	172.1^**
与产量相关性Correlation coefficient with yield		0.90^**	0.76^**	0.12	0.91^**

处理 Treatments		氮肥农学利用率 NAE(kg/kg)	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE(%)	氮肥生理利用率 NPE(kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP(kg/kg)	氮肥贡献率 NCR(%)	土壤氮素依存率 SNDR(%)
N₁	T₁	10.6cB	14.3cdCD	50.0aA	49.9cC	21.3cABC	76.7aA
	T₂	11.8bAB	24.5aAB	27.7bcB	51.5bB	22.9abcABC	48.3efDE
	T₃	13.2aA	18.4bcBC	55.8aA	53.0aA	25.0aA	71.3bB
N₂	T₁	7.5defCDE	23.4abAB	21.4bcB	37.0eE	20.2cC	60.4cC
	T₂	8.2dCD	23.4abAB	22.6bcB	38.0dDE	21.6bcABC	45.1fE
	T₃	8.6dC	28.2a	20.6cB	38.4dD	22.3abcABC	51.1deD
N₃	T₁	6.2fE	10.3dD	59.0aA	29.8gG	20.9cBC	80.0aA
	T₂	6.8efDE	12.9dCD	32.6bB	30.6fgFG	22.1bcABC	53.5dD
	T₃	7.6deCDE	24.1aAB	21.4bcB	31.5fF	24.2abAB	49.4eDE
F值F-values	N	414.0^**	18.3^**	54.8^**	3 504.0^**	7.4^*	224.7^**
	T	11.5^**	18.3^**	13.4^**	33.8^**	8.3^**	209.0^**
	N×T	0.9	9.5^**	13.6^**	2.3	0.3	34.7^**
与产量相关性 Correlation coefficient with yield		0.53	0.29	-0.02	0.31	0.99^**	-0.30