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作物杂志,2019, 第2期: 142–149 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.022

所属专题： 其他作物

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

镉胁迫对烟草种子萌发和烟苗生长发育的影响

闫晶,姬文秀,石贤吉,朱诗苗,李虎林   

  1. 延边大学农学院,133002,吉林延吉
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-29 修回日期:2019-02-02 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 李虎林

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Jing Yan,Wenxiu Ji,Xianji Shi,Shimiao Zhu,Hulin Li   

  1. College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
  • Received:2018-10-29 Revised:2019-02-02 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Hulin Li

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摘要：

为探讨不同镉（Cd）胁迫对不同烟草品种种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理生态效应的影响,以吉烟9号、吉烟10号、延晒六号3个烟草品种为材料,研究了不同浓度的Cd溶液对烟草种子萌发以及烟苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫下烟草种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高均受到抑制;烟苗叶绿素含量降低,根冠比变小,生长受到抑制,CAT活性、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量随Cd浓度的增加呈先增后降的趋势,POD活性、MDA含量、Pro含量、Cd含量均随Cd浓度的增加而增加。可见Cd胁迫能不同程度地影响烟草种子萌发和烟苗生长发育,烟苗体内的抗氧化酶系统被破坏,多种酶活性不协调,生理生化过程紊乱,最终导致烟苗受害。

关键词: 镉胁迫, 烟草, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 生理生化指标

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on seed germination and physiological and ecological effects of seedling growth of different tobacco varieties. Three tobacco varieties (Ji 9, Ji 10, Shai 6) were used as test materials to study the effects of different concentrations of Cd on seed germination and seedlings growth of tobacco. Under Cd stress, the seeds germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and seedling height of tobacco were all inhibited; the chloropohyll content and the ratio of root to shoot of tobacco seedlings was reduced, the growth was inhibited. CAT activity, SOD activity, the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cd concentration. POD activity, MDA content, free proline content increased with the increase of Cd concentration. In other words, under Cd stress, seed germination and seedling growth could be affected to some extent, the antioxidant enzymes in the seedlings were destroyed, enzyme activity was uncoordinated, and the physiological processes were disturbed, leading to tobacco seedling damage.

Key words: Cadmium stress, Nicotiana tabacum, Seed germination, Seedling growth, Physiological and biochemical index

表1

Cd对烟草种子发芽势的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration		 吉9 Ji 9 吉10 Ji 10 晒六Shai 6
0 95.3±0.6b 89.0±1.0b 85.3±0.6b
2 96.7±0.6a 91.3±0.6a 87.7±0.6a
5 94.0±1.0c 87.0±1.0c 82.3±1.2c
10 90.3±0.6d 84.7±0.6d 78.0±1.0c

表2

Cd对烟草种子发芽率的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration		 吉9 Ji 9 吉10 Ji 10 晒六Shai 6
0 95.3±0.6ab 90.3±0.6a 86.3±1.5a
2 96.3±0.6a 91.3±0.6a 88.0±1.0a
5 94.0±1.0b 87.3±0.6b 83.0±1.0b
10 91.0±1.0c 85.3±1.5c 79.0±1.0c

表3

Cd对烟草种子发芽指数的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration
 吉9 Ji 9 吉10 Ji 10 晒六Shai 6
0 1.65±0.01b 1.41±0.01b 1.32±0.01b
2 1.68±0.01a 1.46±0.01a 1.38±0.01a
5 1.58±0.01c 1.36±0.01c 1.18±0.01c
10 1.43±0.01d 1.25±0.01d 1.05±0.01d

表4

Cd对烟草种子活力指数的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration
 吉9 Ji 9 吉10 Ji 10 晒六Shai 6
0 2.22±0.04a 1.84±0.02a 1.41±0.02b
2 1.95±0.02b 1.70±0.01b 1.44±0.02a
5 1.31±0.08c 1.23±0.03c 0.86±0.01c
10 0.99±0.03d 1.08±0.03d 0.67±0.03d

表5

Cd对烟草幼芽毒害死亡率的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration		 吉9 Ji9 吉10 Ji10 晒六Shai6
0 3.3±1.2a 1.0±0.0a 1.0±1.0a
2 6.7±0.6a 2.0±0.0a 2.0±1.0a
5 30.0±3.0b 21.3±2.3b 25.3±1.5b
10 54.7±1.5c 34.0±2.0c 52.3±2.1c

表6

Cd对烟草幼芽长度的影响"

Cd浓度(mg/L)
Cd concentration		 吉9 Ji9 吉10 Ji10 晒六Shai6
0 1.27±0.02a 1.29±0.01a 1.07±0.02a
2 1.23±0.01a 1.26±0.01a 1.04±0.01a
5 0.83±0.05b 0.90±0.02b 0.73±0.01b
10 0.69±0.02c 0.73±0.02c 0.58±0.03c

表7

Cd对烟苗农艺性状的影响"

品种
Variety		 Cd浓度
(mg/kg)
Cd concentration		 株高(cm)
Plant
height		 茎粗(cm)
Stem
girth		 叶片数
Leaf
number		 根长(cm)
Root
length		 最大叶长(cm)
Maximum
leaf length		 最大叶宽(cm)
Maximum
leaf width
吉9 Ji9 0 26.1±1.3a 0.60±0.01a 7.0±0.0a 5.37±0.12a 21.8±0.8a 10.72±0.23a
2 24.5±2.2ab 0.55±0.04b 7.0±0.0a 5.67±1.04a 20.2±0.3ab 9.87±0.21a
5 24.4±0.5ab 0.51±0.01b 6.3±0.6a 4.17±0.32b 19.6±0.3b 8.17±0.31b
10 21.4±2.3b 0.43±0.03c 5.3±0.6b 3.93±0.12b 15.5±1.0c 7.07±0.96c
吉10 Ji10 0 22.7±0.5a 0.60±0.03a 7.0±0.0a 8.00±0.44a 16.1±1.0a 9.77±0.29a
2 20.1±0.7b 0.50±0.03b 7.0±0.0a 7.43±0.81a 13.2±0.3b 9.07±0.40a
5 19.2±0.8b 0.46±0.02b 6.3±0.6b 5.30±0.10b 12.7±0.3b 8.47±0.45a
10 14.4±1.9c 0.41±0.09b 6.0±0.0b 4.53±0.25b 11.0±0.5c 5.87±1.55b
晒六Shai6 0 16.4±1.0a 0.43±0.04a 5.0±0.0a 6.63±0.32a 12.5±0.5a 6.37±0.23a
2 13.6±0.1b 0.41±0.01ab 5.0±0.0a 5.83±0.15b 11.1±0.3b 5.77±0.15b
5 13.3±0.1b 0.40±0.00ab 4.7±0.6a 4.93±0.12c 10.3±0.5c 5.43±0.32b
10 11.7±0.4c 0.38±0.01b 4.3±0.6a 4.37±0.21d 10.1±0.2c 5.00±0.00c

表8

Cd对烟苗生物量的影响"

品种
Variety		 Cd浓度
(mg/kg)
Cd concentration		 叶绿素含量
Chlorophyll content
(SPAD)		 地上部(g/5株)
Above ground (g/5 plants)		 地下部(g/5株)
Under ground (g/5 plants)		 根冠比
Root-shoot ratio
鲜重
Fresh weight		 干重
Dry weight		 鲜重
Fresh weight		 干重
Dry weight		 鲜重比
Fresh weight ratio		 干重比
Dry weight ratio
吉9 Ji9 0 24.0±0.1b 44.8±0.2a 3.31±0.08a 2.75±0.07b 0.31±0.01a 0.062±0.001b 0.095±0.002a
2 24.8±0.2a 44.3±0.1b 3.45±0.08a 3.06±0.04a 0.26±0.02b 0.069±0.001a 0.076±0.003b
5 21.9±0.2c 40.5±0.2c 2.57±0.17b 2.29±0.08c 0.19±0.01c 0.057±0.002c 0.076±0.003b
10 19.8±0.6d 28.2±0.1d 1.74±0.13c 1.52±0.04d 0.13±0.01d 0.054±0.001d 0.073±0.002b
吉10 Ji10 0 27.3±0.4ab 42.2±0.9a 2.91±0.07a 3.23±0.02a 0.40±0.03a 0.077±0.002a 0.138±0.013a
2 29.2±1.7a 33.6±1.2b 2.52±0.02b 2.61±0.02b 0.32±0.02b 0.078±0.003a 0.127±0.009a
5 25.4±1.1b 29.7±0.2c 2.33±0.02c 2.16±0.02c 0.25±0.02c 0.073±0.001b 0.107±0.010b
10 21.7±0.6c 26.9±0.4d 1.83±0.04d 1.86±0.02d 0.19±0.01d 0.069±0.001c 0.104±0.004b
晒六Shai6 0 27.7±0.3b 16.5±0.4a 1.30±0.02a 3.33±0.11a 0.32±0.02a 0.202±0.011a 0.246±0.017a
2 32.9±0.8a 15.8±0.2b 1.33±0.01a 2.25±0.12b 0.23±0.02b 0.143±0.006b 0.171±0.013b
5 26.4±0.4c 15.4±0.1b 1.18±0.02b 1.41±0.05c 0.16±0.01c 0.092±0.004c 0.136±0.008c
10 23.6±0.9d 12.4±0.6c 1.05±0.04c 1.05±0.03d 0.12±0.01d 0.085±0.002c 0.118±0.002c

图1

Cd对烟草幼苗CAT活性的影响"

图2

Cd对烟草幼苗SOD活性的影响"

图3

Cd对烟草幼苗POD活性的影响"

图4

Cd对烟草幼苗MDA含量的影响"

图5

Cd对烟草幼苗可溶性糖含量的影响"

图6

Cd对烟草幼苗Pro含量的影响"

图7

不同烟草品种对Cd的吸收"

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