施氮磷肥对小豆产量、根系形态及光合特性的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为优化晋小豆5号品种的高产施肥策略，设置不同田间氮磷肥处理试验（0.00、500.00、1000.00kg/hm²磷肥，300.00、600.00kg/hm²氮磷复合肥，分别以CK、T1、T2、T3和T4表示），研究施肥对小豆产量及光合特性的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，T1处理能获得较高的地下部生物量，并促进根系生长；T3处理可以提高百粒重、生物产量和作物产量。与其他处理相比，T3处理的叶绿素含量最高，光合电子传递速率最快，茎秆强度最高。因此，本研究的结果可作为小豆增产的适宜推荐施肥量。

关键词: 小豆, 磷肥, 氮磷复合肥, 产量, 根系形态, 光合特性

Abstract:

In order to optimize the high-yield fertilization strategy of Jinxiaodou 5, we focused on the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus application (0.00, 500.00, 1000.00kg/ha phosphate fertilizer, 300.00, 600.00kg/ha N-P compound fertilizer, denoted as CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4) on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of adzuki bean. The results showed that, compared with CK treatment, T1 treatment had higher biomass and root length. T3 treatment could significantly increase 100-seed weight, biomass and crop yield of adzuki bean. Furthermore, T3 treatment had the higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) and stem strength than other treatments. Therefore, the results of this study could be used as a suitable recommended fertilizer amount for adzuki bean.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Phosphate fertilizer, N-P compound fertilizer, Yield, Root morphology, Photosynthetic characteristics

高伟, 郝青婷, 张泽燕, 王茜, 闫虎斌, 朱慧珺, 赵雪英, 张耀文. 施氮磷肥对小豆产量、根系形态及光合特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (1): 109–114

Gao Wei, Hao Qingting, Zhang Zeyan, Wang Qian, Yan Hubin, Zhu Huijun, Zhao Xueying, Zhang Yaowen. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Yield, Root Morphology and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Adzuki Bean[J]. Crops, 2023(1): 109–114

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处理Treatment	N	P₂O₅
CK	－	－
T1	－	80.00
T2	－	160.00
T3	79.50	34.50
T4	159.00	69.00

处理 Treatment	根系长度 Root length (cm)	根系总表面积 Total surface area of root (cm²)	根系平均直径 Average diameter of root (cm)	根系总体积 Total volume of root (cm³)
CK	855.49b	151.74ab	0.58a	2.47a
T1	968.99a	169.36a	0.46b	2.52a
T2	672.09c	130.66b	0.47b	1.77b
T3	609.60c	91.07c	0.46b	1.09c
T4	703.56c	142.89b	0.64a	2.33a

处理 Treatment	主茎节数 Number of main stem nodes	有效分枝数 Number of effective branches	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	荚长 Pod length (cm)	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	生物产量 Biological yield (kg/m²)	作物产量 Crop yield (kg/m²)
CK	15.80a	2.73a	35.53a	8.93ab	6.73ab	16.17b	1.05b	0.20b
T1	15.67a	2.20a	32.64a	8.80ab	6.13ab	15.95b	0.96bc	0.19bc
T2	15.80a	2.60a	33.67a	9.43a	7.00a	15.72b	0.90c	0.17c
T3	16.80a	2.60a	35.07a	8.41b	5.80b	17.15a	1.18a	0.23a
T4	16.53a	2.53a	35.67a	9.23a	7.07a	16.46ab	1.04b	0.18c

处理Treatment	F_v/F_m	F_v/F_o	Y(II)	ETR
CK	0.73a	2.86a	0.47a	70.51c
T1	0.74a	3.02a	0.44a	72.43c
T2	0.76a	3.23a	0.47a	54.89c
T3	0.74a	2.91a	0.39a	124.10a
T4	0.75a	2.99a	0.52a	96.47b