盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响，以南粳5055为材料开展盆栽试验。设置3个盐分水平：0.0g/kg（S0）、1.5g/kg（S1）、3.0g/kg（S2）和4种氮肥处理：常规尿素（F1）、有机缓释水稻专用肥（F2）、大颗粒尿素（F3）和硫包衣尿素（F4），各处理的施氮量和磷钾肥用量相同，以不施氮肥处理为对照（CK）。结果表明，盐逆境下，F2的最大茎蘖数、株高和成穗率均最高；在S0下，F2、F3和F4的产量比F1分别高出11.89%、5.58%和17.14%；在S1和S2下，F2的产量比F1分别高出30.28%和37.20%，而F3和F4的增产效果不佳。在盐逆境下，F2主要通过增加有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重提高产量。盐逆境下穗粒重、一次枝梗的粒重、千粒重和结实率，二次枝梗的粒重和千粒重均以F2最高。盐逆境下，F2具有较高的糙米率、精米率、胶稠度和较低的直链淀粉、蛋白质含量。由本研究可得出，盐逆境下，F2的增产效果最佳，且对稻米品质具有一定的有利影响，在一定程度上能缓解盐逆境对水稻的危害。

关键词: 水稻, 盐逆境, 缓/控释肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer application on rice growth, yield and rice quality under salt stress, Nanjing 5055 was used as material to conduct pot experiments. Three salt levels and four nitrogen fertilizer types were set in the experiment, three soil salt levels including 0.0 (S0), 1.5 (S1) and 3.0g/kg (S2), and four nitrogen fertilizer types including urea (F1), slow-release special fertilizer for rice (F2), large granule urea (F3) and sulfur-coated urea (F4). The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application in each treatment were the same. Treatment without nitrogen fertilizer were set up as control (CK). The results showed that, the maximum tiller number, plant height and percentage of productive tillers of F2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress. Compared with F1 treatment, the yields of F2, F3 and F4 treatments were increased by 11.89%, 5.58% and 17.14% under S0 level, respectively. Under S1 and S2 levels, the yield of F2 treatment were 30.28% and 37.20% higher than that of F1 treatment, respectively. But F3 and F4 treatments had poor yield increase. Under S1 and S2 levels, the increase of F2 yield were mainly due to the significant increase of effective panicle number and grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The grain weight per panicle of F2, grain weight, 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate of primary branch, grain weight and 1000-grain weight of the secondary branch of F2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress. Under S1 and S2 levels, F2 treatment had higher brown rice rate, milled rice rate, gel-consistency and lower amylose and protein content. Under the conditions of this experiment, F2 treatment had the best yield increase, and had certain favorable effects on improving rice quality under salt stress. F2 treatment could alleviate the damage of salt stress to rice to a certain extent.

Key words: Rice, Salt stress, Slow/controlled release fertilizer, Yield, Quality

翟彩娇, 张蛟, 崔士友, 陈澎军, 韩继军. 盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (1): 143–151

Zhai Caijiao, Zhang Jiao, Cui Shiyou, Chen Pengjun, Han Jijun. Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice under Salt Stress[J]. Crops, 2023(1): 143–151

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盐逆境 Salinity	肥料类型 Fertilizer	每穴产量 Yield of per hole (g)	每穴有效穗数 Number of effective panicles per hole	穗粒数 Grains number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)
S0	CK	11.14gh	6.00gh	74.94bcd	26.55d	89.92abc
	F1	30.11c	13.11cd	81.21a	29.42b	93.61ab
	F2	33.69ab	14.44abc	80.94a	30.25a	94.56a
	F3	31.79bc	15.11a	77.45abc	27.63c	94.62a
	F4	35.27a	15.67a	77.66abc	29.71b	94.82a
S1	CK	4.71jk	4.22i	66.39e	19.62i	81.22cd
	F1	19.19e	12.00de	80.39ab	23.61f	82.73cd
	F2	25.00d	14.89ab	73.19cd	25.50e	85.32bcd
	F3	19.50e	13.33bcd	73.43cd	21.58g	80.87d
	F4	15.97f	12.56de	67.16e	20.65h	80.17d
S2	CK	1.79k	2.33j	73.46cd	13.18n	55.37f
	F1	9.30hi	10.11f	70.64de	16.60l	68.14e
	F2	12.76g	11.00ef	77.08abc	18.70j	68.18e
	F3	6.34ij	5.78hi	77.90abc	17.06k	59.71ef
	F4	5.73j	7.56g	75.92abcd	13.88m	55.11f
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S)		**	**	**	**	**
施肥处理Fertilizer (F)		**	**	**	**	*
S×F		**	**	**	**	ns

盐逆境 Salinity	肥料类型 Fertilizer	穗长 Length per panicle (cm)	穗重 Weight per panicle (g)	每穗实粒数 Total filled grains per panicle	每穗粒重 Grain weight per panicle (g)	着粒密度（个/cm） Grain density (individual/cm)
S0	CK	13.43def	1.90c	67.40bc	1.86c	5.58bcd
	F1	14.41a	2.39a	76.04a	2.29ab	5.64bc
	F2	14.07abc	2.45a	76.58a	2.34a	5.75ab
	F3	14.20ab	2.20b	73.29ab	2.11b	5.45bcd
	F4	13.99abcd	2.34ab	73.64ab	2.26ab	5.55bcd
S1	CK	11.93h	1.13gh	53.93def	1.12f	5.57bcd
	F1	13.20efg	1.67de	66.53bc	1.60de	6.09a
	F2	13.93abcd	1.76cd	62.36cd	1.68cd	5.26de
	F3	13.67bcde	1.53e	59.36cde	1.46e	5.37cd
	F4	13.58cde	1.33f	53.82ef	1.27f	4.95e
S2	CK	12.65g	0.76j	40.98g	0.71h	5.81ab
	F1	12.93fg	0.96hi	48.33fg	0.91g	5.47bcd
	F2	13.44def	1.22fg	52.75ef	1.15f	5.74ab
	F3	13.55cde	1.17fg	46.43fg	1.11f	5.75ab
	F4	13.44def	0.79ij	41.91g	0.76gh	5.65bc
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S)		**	**	**	**	*
施肥处理Fertilizer (F)		**	**	**	**	*
S×F		*	*	ns	*	**

盐逆境 Salinity	肥料类型 Fertilizer	一次枝梗Primary branch					二次枝梗Secondary branch
盐逆境 Salinity	肥料类型 Fertilizer	枝梗数 PBN	总粒重 GWPB (g)	实粒数 FGPB	千粒重 1000-GW (g)	结实率 SRPB (%)	枝梗数 SBN	总粒重 GWSB (g)	实粒数 FGSB	千粒重 1000-GW (g)	结实率 SRSB (%)
S0	CK	8.15bc	1.30b	45.75abc	27.97e	91.33ab	11.27abcd	0.56cd	21.66bcd	25.14e	87.12a
	F1	9.02a	1.59a	51.08a	30.44c	95.11a	12.30ab	0.70ab	24.96ab	27.42c	90.65a
	F2	8.47ab	1.58a	50.23a	31.44a	96.14a	12.49a	0.77a	26.35a	28.64a	91.65a
	F3	8.39ab	1.46a	49.50a	28.48d	96.13a	11.50abcd	0.64bc	23.78abc	26.20d	91.62a
	F4	7.79bcd	1.47a	46.62ab	30.94b	96.35a	12.27ab	0.78a	27.02a	28.15b	92.26a
S1	CK	7.05ef	0.80fg	38.79defg	19.84j	86.01bc	10.00d	0.32g	15.14gh	18.58j	71.29b
	F1	7.86bcd	1.11cd	45.79abc	24.41g	90.87ab	12.58a	0.49de	20.74cde	21.84g	68.85b
	F2	7.46de	1.17bc	43.06bcd	26.51f	91.43ab	10.97bcd	0.51de	19.30def	24.12f	74.12b
	F3	7.38def	1.03de	42.28bcde	22.12h	89.86abc	11.33abcd	0.43ef	17.08efg	19.99h	64.64b
	F4	6.78f	0.91ef	38.58defg	21.41i	88.25abc	10.27cd	0.36fg	15.24fgh	18.98i	65.09b
S2	CK	7.96bcd	0.53i	31.82h	13.63n	64.41f	10.85bcd	0.18i	9.16i	12.75n	37.29de
	F1	7.57cde	0.69gh	36.82efgh	16.70l	76.65de	10.14d	0.22hi	11.51hi	15.89l	49.97c
	F2	7.70cde	0.86f	40.58cdef	19.47j	81.22cd	11.76abc	0.29gh	12.17hi	17.76k	43.91cd
	F3	7.66cde	0.81fg	35.53fgh	18.07k	72.59def	11.97ab	0.30gh	10.90i	15.84l	38.26de
	F4	7.43def	0.58hi	33.48gh	14.30m	68.77ef	11.48abcd	0.18i	8.43i	13.25m	30.56e
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S)		**	**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
施肥处理Fertilizer (F)		**	**	**	**	*	ns	**	*	**	ns
S×F		ns	ns	ns	**	ns	*	**	ns	**	ns

盐逆境 Salinity	肥料类型 Fertilizer	糙米率 BR (%)	精米率 MR (%)	整精米率 HMR (%)	粒长 KL (mm)	长宽比 L/W	胶稠度 GC (mm)	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)
S0	CK	81.8f	73.0g	71.7b	4.6ab	1.6a	78.0f	10.6a	7.5i
	F1	84.2c	75.6c	70.8d	4.7a	1.6a	84.0a	8.7d	8.5g
	F2	85.0a	76.3a	72.2a	4.7a	1.6a	82.0b	9.4b	9.8a
	F3	84.6b	75.8bc	69.9e	4.6ab	1.6a	80.0d	9.3b	9.2d
	F4	84.4bc	75.9b	68.1g	4.6ab	1.6a	80.7c	8.3f	8.8f
S1	CK	80.0g	69.9h	69.3f	4.5b	1.6a	79.0e	9.4b	8.1h
	F1	83.1e	73.8f	72.2a	4.6ab	1.7a	76.0g	8.8d	8.9e
	F2	83.7d	74.6d	71.6b	4.6ab	1.6a	78.0f	8.4ef	9.3c
	F3	83.0e	74.0f	71.1c	4.6ab	1.7a	78.0f	8.5e	9.5b
	F4	83.1e	74.3e	72.1a	4.6ab	1.7a	78.0f	9.1c	9.5b
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S)		**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**	**
施肥处理Fertilizer (F)		**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**	**
S×F		*	**	**	ns	ns	**	**	**