作物杂志,2023, 第1期: 143–151 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.021

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响

翟彩娇1(), 张蛟1(), 崔士友1, 陈澎军2, 韩继军2   

  1. 1江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,226012,江苏南通
    2江苏省地质局/滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,210007,江苏南京
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-13 修回日期:2021-12-22 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 张蛟,主要从事滩涂土壤资源开发利用方面研究,E-mail:zhangjiao0609@126.com
  • 作者简介:翟彩娇,主要从事耐盐作物筛选和栽培研究,E-mail:szgszcj18@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    南通市科技计划项目“盐胁迫下缓/控释肥对水稻品质及产量的影响研究”(JC2019151);南通市科技计划项目“沿海滩涂稻麦周年高产高效技术集成与应用”(MS22021040)

Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice under Salt Stress

Zhai Caijiao1(), Zhang Jiao1(), Cui Shiyou1, Chen Pengjun2, Han Jijun2   

  1. 1Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226012, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Improvement and Sustainable Utilization of Coastal Saline-Alkali Land, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-10-13 Revised:2021-12-22 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

摘要:

为探明盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响,以南粳5055为材料开展盆栽试验。设置3个盐分水平:0.0g/kg(S0)、1.5g/kg(S1)、3.0g/kg(S2)和4种氮肥处理:常规尿素(F1)、有机缓释水稻专用肥(F2)、大颗粒尿素(F3)和硫包衣尿素(F4),各处理的施氮量和磷钾肥用量相同,以不施氮肥处理为对照(CK)。结果表明,盐逆境下,F2的最大茎蘖数、株高和成穗率均最高;在S0下,F2、F3和F4的产量比F1分别高出11.89%、5.58%和17.14%;在S1和S2下,F2的产量比F1分别高出30.28%和37.20%,而F3和F4的增产效果不佳。在盐逆境下,F2主要通过增加有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重提高产量。盐逆境下穗粒重、一次枝梗的粒重、千粒重和结实率,二次枝梗的粒重和千粒重均以F2最高。盐逆境下,F2具有较高的糙米率、精米率、胶稠度和较低的直链淀粉、蛋白质含量。由本研究可得出,盐逆境下,F2的增产效果最佳,且对稻米品质具有一定的有利影响,在一定程度上能缓解盐逆境对水稻的危害。

关键词: 水稻, 盐逆境, 缓/控释肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer application on rice growth, yield and rice quality under salt stress, Nanjing 5055 was used as material to conduct pot experiments. Three salt levels and four nitrogen fertilizer types were set in the experiment, three soil salt levels including 0.0 (S0), 1.5 (S1) and 3.0g/kg (S2), and four nitrogen fertilizer types including urea (F1), slow-release special fertilizer for rice (F2), large granule urea (F3) and sulfur-coated urea (F4). The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application in each treatment were the same. Treatment without nitrogen fertilizer were set up as control (CK). The results showed that, the maximum tiller number, plant height and percentage of productive tillers of F2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress. Compared with F1 treatment, the yields of F2, F3 and F4 treatments were increased by 11.89%, 5.58% and 17.14% under S0 level, respectively. Under S1 and S2 levels, the yield of F2 treatment were 30.28% and 37.20% higher than that of F1 treatment, respectively. But F3 and F4 treatments had poor yield increase. Under S1 and S2 levels, the increase of F2 yield were mainly due to the significant increase of effective panicle number and grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The grain weight per panicle of F2, grain weight, 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate of primary branch, grain weight and 1000-grain weight of the secondary branch of F2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress. Under S1 and S2 levels, F2 treatment had higher brown rice rate, milled rice rate, gel-consistency and lower amylose and protein content. Under the conditions of this experiment, F2 treatment had the best yield increase, and had certain favorable effects on improving rice quality under salt stress. F2 treatment could alleviate the damage of salt stress to rice to a certain extent.

Key words: Rice, Salt stress, Slow/controlled release fertilizer, Yield, Quality

图1

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻茎蘖增长动态的影响

图2

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻成穗率的影响

图3

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻株高的影响

表1

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

盐逆境
Salinity
肥料类型
Fertilizer
每穴产量
Yield of per
hole (g)
每穴有效穗数
Number of effective
panicles per hole
穗粒数
Grains number
per panicle
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
S0 CK 11.14gh 6.00gh 74.94bcd 26.55d 89.92abc
F1 30.11c 13.11cd 81.21a 29.42b 93.61ab
F2 33.69ab 14.44abc 80.94a 30.25a 94.56a
F3 31.79bc 15.11a 77.45abc 27.63c 94.62a
F4 35.27a 15.67a 77.66abc 29.71b 94.82a
S1 CK 4.71jk 4.22i 66.39e 19.62i 81.22cd
F1 19.19e 12.00de 80.39ab 23.61f 82.73cd
F2 25.00d 14.89ab 73.19cd 25.50e 85.32bcd
F3 19.50e 13.33bcd 73.43cd 21.58g 80.87d
F4 15.97f 12.56de 67.16e 20.65h 80.17d
S2 CK 1.79k 2.33j 73.46cd 13.18n 55.37f
F1 9.30hi 10.11f 70.64de 16.60l 68.14e
F2 12.76g 11.00ef 77.08abc 18.70j 68.18e
F3 6.34ij 5.78hi 77.90abc 17.06k 59.71ef
F4 5.73j 7.56g 75.92abcd 13.88m 55.11f
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S) ** ** ** ** **
施肥处理Fertilizer (F) ** ** ** ** *
S×F ** ** ** ** ns

图4

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对氮肥农学利用率的影响

表2

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻穗部性状的影响

盐逆境
Salinity
肥料类型
Fertilizer
穗长
Length per
panicle (cm)
穗重
Weight per
panicle (g)
每穗实粒数
Total filled grains
per panicle
每穗粒重
Grain weight
per panicle (g)
着粒密度(个/cm)
Grain density
(individual/cm)
S0 CK 13.43def 1.90c 67.40bc 1.86c 5.58bcd
F1 14.41a 2.39a 76.04a 2.29ab 5.64bc
F2 14.07abc 2.45a 76.58a 2.34a 5.75ab
F3 14.20ab 2.20b 73.29ab 2.11b 5.45bcd
F4 13.99abcd 2.34ab 73.64ab 2.26ab 5.55bcd
S1 CK 11.93h 1.13gh 53.93def 1.12f 5.57bcd
F1 13.20efg 1.67de 66.53bc 1.60de 6.09a
F2 13.93abcd 1.76cd 62.36cd 1.68cd 5.26de
F3 13.67bcde 1.53e 59.36cde 1.46e 5.37cd
F4 13.58cde 1.33f 53.82ef 1.27f 4.95e
S2 CK 12.65g 0.76j 40.98g 0.71h 5.81ab
F1 12.93fg 0.96hi 48.33fg 0.91g 5.47bcd
F2 13.44def 1.22fg 52.75ef 1.15f 5.74ab
F3 13.55cde 1.17fg 46.43fg 1.11f 5.75ab
F4 13.44def 0.79ij 41.91g 0.76gh 5.65bc
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S) ** ** ** ** *
施肥处理Fertilizer (F) ** ** ** ** *
S×F * * ns * **

表3

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻一次枝梗和二次枝梗性状的影响

盐逆境
Salinity
肥料类型
Fertilizer
一次枝梗Primary branch 二次枝梗Secondary branch
枝梗数
PBN
总粒重
GWPB (g)
实粒数
FGPB
千粒重
1000-GW (g)
结实率
SRPB (%)
枝梗数
SBN
总粒重
GWSB (g)
实粒数
FGSB
千粒重
1000-GW (g)
结实率
SRSB (%)
S0 CK 8.15bc 1.30b 45.75abc 27.97e 91.33ab 11.27abcd 0.56cd 21.66bcd 25.14e 87.12a
F1 9.02a 1.59a 51.08a 30.44c 95.11a 12.30ab 0.70ab 24.96ab 27.42c 90.65a
F2 8.47ab 1.58a 50.23a 31.44a 96.14a 12.49a 0.77a 26.35a 28.64a 91.65a
F3 8.39ab 1.46a 49.50a 28.48d 96.13a 11.50abcd 0.64bc 23.78abc 26.20d 91.62a
F4 7.79bcd 1.47a 46.62ab 30.94b 96.35a 12.27ab 0.78a 27.02a 28.15b 92.26a
S1 CK 7.05ef 0.80fg 38.79defg 19.84j 86.01bc 10.00d 0.32g 15.14gh 18.58j 71.29b
F1 7.86bcd 1.11cd 45.79abc 24.41g 90.87ab 12.58a 0.49de 20.74cde 21.84g 68.85b
F2 7.46de 1.17bc 43.06bcd 26.51f 91.43ab 10.97bcd 0.51de 19.30def 24.12f 74.12b
F3 7.38def 1.03de 42.28bcde 22.12h 89.86abc 11.33abcd 0.43ef 17.08efg 19.99h 64.64b
F4 6.78f 0.91ef 38.58defg 21.41i 88.25abc 10.27cd 0.36fg 15.24fgh 18.98i 65.09b
S2 CK 7.96bcd 0.53i 31.82h 13.63n 64.41f 10.85bcd 0.18i 9.16i 12.75n 37.29de
F1 7.57cde 0.69gh 36.82efgh 16.70l 76.65de 10.14d 0.22hi 11.51hi 15.89l 49.97c
F2 7.70cde 0.86f 40.58cdef 19.47j 81.22cd 11.76abc 0.29gh 12.17hi 17.76k 43.91cd
F3 7.66cde 0.81fg 35.53fgh 18.07k 72.59def 11.97ab 0.30gh 10.90i 15.84l 38.26de
F4 7.43def 0.58hi 33.48gh 14.30m 68.77ef 11.48abcd 0.18i 8.43i 13.25m 30.56e
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S) ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** **
施肥处理Fertilizer (F) ** ** ** ** * ns ** * ** ns
S×F ns ns ns ** ns * ** ns ** ns

表4

盐逆境下缓/控释肥对稻米主要品质性状的影响

盐逆境
Salinity
肥料类型
Fertilizer
糙米率
BR (%)
精米率
MR (%)
整精米率
HMR (%)
粒长
KL (mm)
长宽比
L/W
胶稠度
GC (mm)
直链淀粉含量
AC (%)
蛋白质含量
PC (%)
S0 CK 81.8f 73.0g 71.7b 4.6ab 1.6a 78.0f 10.6a 7.5i
F1 84.2c 75.6c 70.8d 4.7a 1.6a 84.0a 8.7d 8.5g
F2 85.0a 76.3a 72.2a 4.7a 1.6a 82.0b 9.4b 9.8a
F3 84.6b 75.8bc 69.9e 4.6ab 1.6a 80.0d 9.3b 9.2d
F4 84.4bc 75.9b 68.1g 4.6ab 1.6a 80.7c 8.3f 8.8f
S1 CK 80.0g 69.9h 69.3f 4.5b 1.6a 79.0e 9.4b 8.1h
F1 83.1e 73.8f 72.2a 4.6ab 1.7a 76.0g 8.8d 8.9e
F2 83.7d 74.6d 71.6b 4.6ab 1.6a 78.0f 8.4ef 9.3c
F3 83.0e 74.0f 71.1c 4.6ab 1.7a 78.0f 8.5e 9.5b
F4 83.1e 74.3e 72.1a 4.6ab 1.7a 78.0f 9.1c 9.5b
方差分析Variance analysis
盐分处理Salinity (S) ** ** ** ns ns ** ** **
施肥处理Fertilizer (F) ** ** ** ns ns ** ** **
S×F * ** ** ns ns ** ** **
[1] 张晓祥, 严长清, 徐盼, 等. 近代以来江苏沿海滩涂围垦历史演变研究. 地理学报, 2014, 68(11):1549-1558.
[2] Chen Q, He A B, Wang W Q, et al. Comparisons of regeneration rate and yields performance between inbred and hybrid rice cultivars in a direct seedling rice-ratoon rice system in central China. Field Crops Research, 223:164-170.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.04.010
[3] 章秀福, 王丹英, 方福平, 等. 中国粮食安全和水稻生产. 农业现代化研究, 2005(2):85-88.
[4] 张蛟, 崔士友, 胡帅栋, 等. 水稻种植对沿海滩涂土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2020(3):107-112.
[5] 周根友, 翟彩娇, 邓先亮, 等. 盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(2):146-154.
[6] 高显颖. 不同浓度盐碱胁迫对水稻生长及生理生态特性影响. 长春:吉林农业大学, 2014.
[7] 步金宝. 盐碱胁迫下寒地粳稻产质量形成机理的研究. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2012.
[8] 余为仆. 秸秆还田条件下盐胁迫对水稻产量与品质形成的影响. 扬州:扬州大学, 2014.
[9] 吕艳超. 施氮量对盐胁迫下寒地粳稻生长发育籽粒淀粉积累及产质量的影响. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2016.
[10] 朱兆良. 中国土壤氮素研究. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(5):778-783.
[11] 杨丞, 汪洋, 张万洋, 等. 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻茎蘖产量形成的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(2):155-165.
doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0519
[12] 张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(5):915-924.
[13] 侯均昊, 张晨晖, 许轲, 等. 优化控释尿素施用方式提高沙质低肥力土壤水稻产量和品质. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(4):630-642.
[14] 吕玉虎. 豫南稻区水稻缓/控释肥应用效果研究. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(9):97-101.
[15] 邢晓鸣, 李小春, 丁艳锋, 等. 缓/控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(24):4892-4902.
[16] 田昌, 周旋, 刘强, 等. 控释尿素减施对双季稻田氮素渗漏淋失的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(10):3267-3274.
doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201810.029
[17] 侯红乾, 黄永兰, 冀建华, 等. 缓/控释肥对双季稻产量和氮素利用率的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(4):389-396.
doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5163
[18] Sun Y, Mi W H, Su L J, et al. Controlled-release fertilizer enhances rice grain yield and N recovery efficiency in continuous non-flooding plastic film mulching cultivation system. Field Crops Research, 2019, 231:122-129.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.11.013
[19] Geng J B, Sun Y B, Zhang M, et al. Long-term effects of controlled release urea application on crop yields and soil fertility under rice oilseed rape rotation system. Field Crops Research, 2015, 184:65-73.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.003
[20] 程金秋. 缓/控释肥类型及运筹对早熟晚粳水稻产量及稻米品质的影响. 扬州:扬州大学, 2018.
[21] 金丹丹, 宫亮, 李波, 等. 2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(4):334-339.
[22] 董晓亮, 侯红燕, 张金凤, 等. 缓释肥和无机肥配施对滨海盐碱地水稻生长和食味品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37 (4):1-7.
[23] 李武, 邓飞, 胡慧, 等. 缓/控释氮肥对机插杂交籼稻稻米品质的影响. 核农学报, 2018, 32(4):779-787.
doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.04.0779
[24] 俞卫星, 胡新春, 王新溪, 等. 缓/控释肥对籼粳杂交稻产量、品质和经济效益的影响. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(21):1-5.
[25] 罗兰芳, 郑圣先, 廖育林, 等. 控释氮肥对杂交水稻糙米蛋白质品质和氮代谢关键酶活性的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(4):403-410.
[26] Lee C K, Yoon Y H, Shin J, et al. Growth and yield of rice as affected by saline water treatment at different growth stages. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 2002, 47(6):402-408.
[27] 梁正伟, 杨福, 王志春, 等. 盐碱胁迫对水稻主要生育性状的影响. 生态环境, 2004, 13(1):43-46.
[28] 张瑞珍, 邵玺文, 童淑媛, 等. 盐碱胁迫对水稻源库及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(1):116-118.
[29] 刘真娟. 有机质对黑土磷吸附-解吸特性的影响. 长春:吉林大学, 2019.
[30] 张洪程, 吴桂成, 吴文革, 等. 水稻“精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后”超高产定量化栽培模式. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(13):2645-2660.
[31] 彭玉, 马均, 蒋明金, 等. 缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1048-1057.
[32] 张小翠, 戴其根, 胡星星, 等. 不同质地土壤下缓释尿素与常规尿素配施对水稻产量及其生长发育的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38(8):1494-1503.
[33] 居静, 吴海波, 陈永林, 等. 日本产包膜控释氮肥对稻米品质的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(2):67-70.
[1] 夏玉莹, 王志君, 李红宇, 胡传军, 吕艳东, 赵海成, 郑桂萍. 育苗方式对寒地水稻秧苗素质、产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 103–108
[2] 高伟, 郝青婷, 张泽燕, 王茜, 闫虎斌, 朱慧珺, 赵雪英, 张耀文. 施氮磷肥对小豆产量、根系形态及光合特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 109–114
[3] 王玉娇, 常旭虹, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 石书兵, 赵广才. 播种方式对不同品种小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 122–128
[4] 赵晶云, 吕新云, 刘小荣, 任海红, 任小俊, 马俊奎. 幼龄核桃林下带状复合间作对大豆生长及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 136–142
[5] 于永涛, 张楠, 谢利华, 李光玉, 刘建华, 李武, 李高科, 胡建广. 消费者在甜玉米种质食味品质鉴评中的偏好性初探[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 14–19
[6] 李文姗, 张俊尧, 唐江华, 徐文修, 徐清华. 艾氟迪不同滴施量对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 158–162
[7] 马瑞琦, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 施氮量对北部冬麦区种植弱筋小麦产量与品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 163–169
[8] 贾峥嵘, 郝佳丽, 郝艳芳, 白文斌, 张建华, 郭瑞锋, 刘勇. 四种芽孢杆菌菌剂对甘薯不同时期产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 170–175
[9] 宿翠翠, 毋玲玲, 赵玺, 施志国, 周彦芳, 魏玉杰. 种植时间对甘肃引黄灌区红花生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 176–183
[10] 张丽霞, 郭晓彦, 史鹏飞, 聂良鹏, 凌敬伟, 申培林, 丁丽, 张琳, 吕玉虎, 潘兹亮. 旺长期干旱胁迫对红麻生长发育、产量及效益的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 184–189
[11] 张勇刚, 任志广, 徐志强, 刘建国, 张晓兵, 刘化冰, 夏琛, 程昌合. 离差最大化结合BP神经网络评价烟叶化学品质[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 190–195
[12] 靳海洋, 张素瑜, 崔静宇, 李向东, 岳俊芹, 张德奇, 杨程, 方保停, 王汉芳, 秦峰. 不同施氮措施对强筋和中强筋小麦品质的调控效应[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 212–218
[13] 王琦, 许艳丽, 闫鹏, 董好胜, 张薇, 卢霖, 董志强. 聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对东北春谷农艺性状、产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 58–67
[14] 阚茗溪, 王艳杰, 于慧玲, 王德梅, 陶志强, 杨玉双, 王玉娇, 高甜甜, 曹祺, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 灌水对节水小麦“衡观35”产量、蛋白质含量及光合性能的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 68–75
[15] 吴子帅, 刘广林, 李虎, 罗群昌, 陈传华, 朱其南. 施氮量对优质常规籼稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 84–88
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!