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作物杂志,2021, 第1期: 160–167 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.022

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯叶型和种植密度对产量组分的影响

段惠敏1(), 卢潇1(), 周晓洁1, 李高峰2, 文国宏2, 王玉萍1, 程李香1, 张峰1()   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室培育基地/甘肃省遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,730070,甘肃兰州
    2甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,730070,甘肃兰州
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-06 修回日期:2020-04-30 出版日期:2021-02-15 发布日期:2021-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 张峰
  • 作者简介:段惠敏,主要从事马铃薯遗传育种研究,E-mail： 1273475789@qq.com|卢潇为共同第一作者,主要从事马铃薯育种研究,E-mail： 827983642@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101905);甘肃省农业发展项目(GNKJ-2020-1)

Effects of Potato Leaf Type and Planting Density on Yield Components

Duan Huimin1(), Lu Xiao1(), Zhou Xiaojie1, Li Gaofeng2, Wen Guohong2, Wang Yuping1, Cheng Lixiang1, Zhang Feng1()   

  1. 1Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
    2Institute of Potato, Gansu Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-04-06 Revised:2020-04-30 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: Zhang Feng

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摘要：

最佳种植密度有利于对不同叶型马铃薯品种的田间管理,而且在高产同时可以获得最佳产量组分。为研究马铃薯叶型和种植密度的相互关系,找到不同叶型品种的最佳种植密度,选取株型直立的中晚熟代表品种Atlantic（叶上冲型）和甘农薯7号（叶平展型）,固定行距70cm,设置30、25、20、15和10cm 5个株距,测定了植株性状、叶绿素荧光参数和块茎产量组分,并分析了不同种植密度下2个品种性状差异以及植株性状和产量组分之间的相关性。田间鉴定表明,随着种植密度的增加,2个品种的株高、节间距、披垂度和叶面积指数增加,茎粗、垂角和叶夹角降低,光合系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm增加,但实际光化学效率ΦPSII降低。相对于叶上冲型品种Atlantic,叶平展型品种甘农薯7号披垂值显著增加。株距为15~30cm时,2个品种种植密度的提高均可以显著增加单株产量、单株结薯数和小区产量。结果表明,叶平展型品种甘农薯7号在株距25cm、叶上冲型品种Atlantic在株距20cm时,植株冠层结构分布最佳,商品薯率和小区产量较高,为最适种植密度。

关键词: 马铃薯, 植株性状, 叶型, 种植密度, 产量组分

Abstract:

The optimum planting density is not only beneficial to the field management of potato varieties with different leaf types, but also beneficial to the optimum yield components. In order to obtain the optimal planting density of potato varieties with different leaf types, the relationship between leaf type and planting density was studied. Two typical middle-late erect type potato varieties, Atlantic (uprush-leaf) and Gannongshu 7 (spreading-leaf) were used as materials. Five plant spacing (30, 25, 20, 15 and 10cm) and fixed row spacing (70cm) were set in the experiment. The indexes of plant architecture traits, fluorescence parameters and yield components of two varieties were investigated. In addition, the correlations between plant architecture traits and the yield components under different plant spacings were determined and analyzed. The field experiment showed that, with the increasing of plant spacing, the plant height, plant internode length, leaf bend degree, leaf area index, and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) increased, while the stem diameter, leaf drooping angle, leaf angle, and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ) decreased. Compared with Atlantic, the leaf bend degree of Gannongshu 7 increased significantly. Within the specific plant spacing ranging from 15 to 30cm, increasing plant spacing could significantly increase the yield per plant, tuber number per plant and plot yield. These results indicated that the optimal planting spacing was 25 and 20cm for spreading-leaf variety (Gannongshu 7) and uprush-leaf type variety (Atlantic), respectively, which had the reasonable canopy structure, the higher commodity rate and plot yield.

Key words: Potato, Plant traits, Leaf type, Plant spacing, Yield component

图1

不同株距下两种叶型马铃薯品种的株高、茎粗和节间距 不同小写字母代表不同株距间差异达0.05显著水平。下同

图2

不同株距两种叶型马铃薯品种的垂角和披垂度

图3

不同株距两种叶型马铃薯品种的叶夹角和叶面积指数

图4

不同株距下两种叶型马铃薯品种叶绿素荧光动力学参数

图5

不同株距下两种叶型马铃薯品种的单株结薯数、单株产量、小区产量、商品薯产量以及商品薯率

表1

马铃薯叶上冲型品种Atlantic植株性状与产量组分相关性分析

性状
Characteristic		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 节间距
Internodes length
(cm)		 垂角
Drooping angle
(°)		 披垂度
Bend degree
(°)		 叶夹角
Leaf angle
(°)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area
index
单株结薯数Tuber number per plant -0.868* -0.595 -0.433 -0.306 -0.369 -0.637 -0.525
单株产量Yield per plant (kg) -0.971** -0.749 -0.554 -0.463 -0.437 -0.786 -0.721
小区产量Plot yield (kg) -0.972** -0.866* -0.633* -0.641 -0.481 -0.892* -0.833*
商品薯产量Marketable yield (kg) -0.537 -0.708 -0.462 -0.712* -0.335 -0.705 -0.574
商品薯率Commodity tuber rate (%) -0.877* -0.607 -0.522 -0.310 -0.440 -0.643 -0.654

表2

马铃薯叶平展型品种甘农薯7号植株性状与产量组分相关性分析

性状
Characteristic		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 节间距
Internodes length
(cm)		 垂角
Drooping angle
(°)		 披垂度
Bend degree
(°)		 叶夹角
Leaf angle
(°)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area
index
单株结薯数Tuber number per plant -0.715 -0.545 -0.365 -0.624 -0.208 -0.538 -0.695
单株产量Yield per plant (kg) -0.456 -0.231 0.005 -0.295 -0.082 -0.287 -0.632
小区产量Plot yield (kg) -0.879* -0.893* 0.807 -0.846* -0.674 -0.845* -0.735
商品薯产量Marketable yield (kg) -0.992** -0.951* 0.795 -0.928* -0.514 -0.960** -0.890*
商品薯率Commodity tuber rate (%) -0.494 -0.664 0.767 -0.590 -0.720 -0.559 -0.205
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