作物杂志,2021, 第6期: 88–94 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.014

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源褪黑素对红小豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量构成因素的影响

陈忠诚1,2(), 金喜军1,2, 李贺1, 周伟鑫1, 强斌斌1, 刘佳1, 张玉先1,2()   

  1. 1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,163319,黑龙江大庆
    2国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,163319,黑龙江大庆
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-29 修回日期:2021-03-30 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 张玉先
  • 作者简介:陈忠诚,从事红小豆栽培生理研究,E-mail: 784533319@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001402)

Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Growth, Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield Components of Adzuki Bean

Chen Zhongcheng1,2(), Jin Xijun1,2, Li He1, Zhou Weixin1, Qiang Binbin1, Liu Jia1, Zhang Yuxian1,2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2021-01-29 Revised:2021-03-30 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Zhang Yuxian

摘要:

以黑龙江省主栽红小豆品种珍珠红为供试材料,采用盆栽方式,分别在苗期、花荚期和鼓粒期喷施0(CK)、50、100和200μmol/L褪黑素,探讨外源褪黑素对红小豆生长、光合荧光特性和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,50、100和200μmol/L褪黑素处理均能增加红小豆株高、叶面积和干物质积累,提高红小豆净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、最大光化学效率和潜在光化学活性,且褪黑素浓度为100μmol/L时各指标提高幅度最大。在苗期、花荚期、鼓粒期喷施100μmol/L褪黑素处理的红小豆单株粒重分别为5.53、6.13和5.90g,与CK相比分别增加了6.3%、12.1%和9.5%。综上可知,红小豆花荚期喷施100μmol/L褪黑素增产效果最显著。

关键词: 红小豆, 褪黑素, 干物质积累, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of exogenous melatonin on the growth, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield components of adzuki bean Zhenzhuhong, the main adzuki bean variety in Heilongjiang province, was used in pot culture, different concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, 100, 200μmol/L) were sprayed at seedling stage, flowering and podding stage and seed filling stage. The results showed that, compared with the control, the treatments of 50, 100 and 200μmol/L melatonin increased plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo), and the treatment of 100μmol/L melatonin had the greatest improvement. The grain weight per plant of adzuki bean were 5.53, 6.13 and 5.90g at seedling stage, flowering and pod stage and seed filling stage, respectively, which increased by 6.3%, 12.1% and 9.5% compared with CK. In conclusion, spraying 100μmol/L melatonin at flowering and pod stage of adzuki bean had the most significant increase effect on yield.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Melatonin, Dry matter accumulation, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

表1

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆形态指标的影响

时期
Period
褪黑素浓度
Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)
株高
Plant height (cm)
茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)
叶面积
Leaf area (mm2)
苗期Seedling stage 0 (CK) 15.90±0.92c 3.41±0.06ab 6629.4±2010.1a
50 21.33±0.51b 3.27±0.05ab 7649.5±944.1a
100 23.73±0.77a 3.74±0.07a 7937.2±826.0a
200 17.08±0.78c 2.98±0.10b 7466.9±1219.4a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage 0 (CK) 16.72±0.74a 3.19±0.22a 20357.7±1986.6b
50 16.58±0.46a 2.94±0.14a 23280.6±2267.9ab
100 18.67±1.23a 3.56±0.54a 31500.4±5155.7a
200 17.03±0.76a 2.61±0.14a 15567.3±2205.1b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage 0 (CK) 15.10±1.36a 3.24±0.16a 20079.7±3661.2c
50 16.26±1.03a 2.87±0.14a 30989.3±3686.5ab
100 19.12±1.78a 3.70±0.49a 33633.0±1700.5a
200 15.60±0.48a 3.39±0.13a 22887.7±1090.7bc

表2

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆物质积累量的影响

时期
Period
褪黑素浓度
Melatonin concentration
(μmol/L)
地上鲜重
Aboveground
fresh weight (g)
地下鲜重
Underground
fresh weight (g)
地下部干重
Underground
dry weight (g)
地上部干重
Aboveground
dry weight (g)
根冠比
Root shoot
ratio
苗期Seedling stage 0 (CK) 3.25±0.19a 1.51±0.46a 0.31±0.03a 0.59±0.08b 0.50±0.04a
50 3.21±0.19a 1.96±0.41a 0.35±0.07a 0.76±0.04ab 0.53±0.03a
100 3.54±0.44a 1.26±0.21a 0.47±0.06a 0.89±0.06a 0.56±0.04a
200 3.76±0.38a 1.86±0.17a 0.42±0.05a 0.74±0.05b 0.49±0.03a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage 0 (CK) 8.14±0.62c 5.80±0.61b 0.77±0.09a 1.44±0.09bc 0.54±0.03a
50 10.05±0.10b 6.18±0.53ab 1.00±0.11a 1.68±0.05b 0.60±0.02a
100 13.86±0.90a 7.95±0.89a 1.23±0.30a 2.04±0.11a 0.66±0.04a
200 6.73±0.18c 4.35±0.39b 0.75±0.02a 1.30±0.11c 0.59±0.06a
鼓粒期Seed filling stage 0 (CK) 8.05±0.27b 4.48±0.81bc 0.85±0.11ab 1.57±0.14b 0.55±0.05ab
50 11.38±0.76a 6.31±0.56b 1.03±0.16ab 1.86±0.10ab 0.66±0.04ab
100 12.03±0.46a 8.38±0.47a 1.19±0.02a 2.08±0.16a 0.69±0.05a
200 7.79±0.53a 4.18±0.40c 0.71±0.04b 1.60±0.17ab 0.51±0.06b

表3

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆光合色素含量的影响

时期
Period
褪黑素浓度
Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)
叶绿素a
Chl a (mg/g)
叶绿素b
Chl b (mg/g)
类胡萝卜素
Carotenoid (mg/g)
总叶绿素a+b
Chl (a+b) (mg/g)
叶绿素比值
Chl (a/b)
苗期Seedling stage 0 (CK) 1.25±0.064bc 0.40±0.018ab 0.30±0.025b 1.65±0.080ab 3.14±0.09b
50 1.36±0.089ab 0.45±0.027a 0.29±0.019bc 1.81±0.117a 3.02±0.02b
100 1.46±0.034a 0.44±0.012a 0.40±0.014a 1.89±0.046a 3.35±0.01a
200 1.07±0.018ab 0.36±0.010b 0.24±0.003c 1.43±0.029ab 3.00±0.04ab
花荚期Flowering and pod stage 0 (CK) 1.82±0.046b 0.52±0.019c 0.45±0.008b 2.35±0.065b 3.47±0.04a
50 2.52±0.126a 0.73±0.044b 0.59±0.023a 3.25±0.169a 3.45±0.06a
100 2.69±0.213a 0.88±0.073a 0.55±0.004a 3.57±0.285a 3.04±0.04b
200 1.83±0.091b 0.63±0.023bc 0.28±0.018c 2.46±0.114b 2.91±0.05b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage 0 (CK) 0.99±0.078ab 0.29±0.024ab 0.43±0.035a 1.28±0.101ab 3.49±0.03a
50 0.98±0.021ab 0.33±0.008ab 0.38±0.011ab 1.30±0.030ab 2.95±0.01b
100 1.19±0.197a 0.44±0.083a 0.44±0.065a 1.63±0.281a 2.77±0.07c
200 0.69±0.093b 0.23±0.028b 0.29±0.029b 0.92±0.121b 2.95±0.06b

图1

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆光合特性的影响 不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。下同

图2

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆叶绿素荧光参数的影响

表4

不同生育时期喷施不同浓度褪黑素对红小豆产量构成因素的影响

时期
Period
褪黑素浓度
Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)
单株荚数
Pods per plant
单株粒数
Seeds per pod
百粒重
100-grain weight (g)
单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)
苗期Seedling stage 0 (CK) 11.50±0.65a 55.00±4.93a 9.07±0.21a 5.20±0.46a
50 12.00±0.71a 55.00±3.56a 9.08±0.27a 5.37±0.31a
100 13.25±0.48a 55.75±0.95a 9.30±0.67a 5.53±0.08a
200 13.00±0.71a 55.75±2.63a 9.13±0.34a 5.36±0.18a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage 0 (CK) 12.50±0.65a 57.25±2.14a 9.02±0.28a 5.47±0.06b
50 13.75±0.63a 59.25±2.06a 9.44±0.63a 5.76±0.11ab
100 14.25±0.75a 61.00±1.35a 9.82±0.19a 6.13±0.09a
200 12.00±0.71a 54.75±2.50a 8.74±0.78a 5.45±0.22b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage 0 (CK) 12.25±0.25a 57.00±2.48a 8.94±0.45b 5.39±0.20ab
50 12.50±0.87a 58.25±2.06a 10.05±0.26a 5.65±0.24a
100 13.25±0.48a 60.00±1.83a 10.90±0.17a 5.90±0.05a
200 12.75±0.63a 53.50±2.25b 8.92±0.14b 5.00±0.17b
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