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作物杂志,2025, 第1期: 15–25 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.003

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

光周期影响水稻抽穗的分子机制研究进展

徐晓征1,2(), 王建军2()   

  1. 1浙江农林大学现代农学院，311300，浙江杭州
    2浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所，310022，浙江杭州
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27 修回日期:2024-06-16 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 王建军，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail：wangjj4197@163.com
  • 作者简介:徐晓征，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail：19550178539@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省农业新品种选育专项(2021C02063-1);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1200900)

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Photoperiod Influence on Rice Heading

Xu Xiaozheng1,2(), Wang Jianjun2()   

  1. 1College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
    2Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-06-16 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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摘要：

抽穗期作为水稻的重要农艺性状，是决定其生长发育和产量形成的关键因素之一。光周期是影响水稻抽穗的主要环境因素，近年来，随着表观遗传修饰与环境因素交叉作用研究的不断增多，光周期调节水稻抽穗的分子机理及调控机制得到进一步完善。本文综述了光周期调节水稻抽穗的2个主要途径及其相关基因功能、表观遗传在光周期调控水稻抽穗的作用及外界因素对光周期途径的影响，为深入理解水稻抽穗的调控机理以及水稻种质改良和生产管理提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 抽穗期, 光周期, 表观遗传

Abstract:

As an important agronomic trait of rice, heading date is one of the key factors that determine its growth and development and yield formation. Photoperiod is a major environmental factor affecting rice heading. In recent years, with the increasing of studies on the cross effects of epigenetic modification and environmental factors, the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of photoperiod regulating rice heading have been further improved. In this paper, we reviewed the two main pathways of photoperiodic regulation of rice heading and the functions of related genes, the role of epigenetics in photoperiodic regulation of rice heading, and the influence of external factors on photoperiodic pathway, so as to provide references for understanding of the regulatory mechanism of rice heading, as well as the improvement and production management of rice high-yield germplasms.

Key words: Rice, Heading date, Photoperiod, Epigenetic inheritance

图1

光周期调控水稻抽穗的信号网络

表1

光周期调控水稻抽穗的主要基因与功能

基因
Gene		 基因ID
Gene ID		 功能
Function		 路径
Pathway		 参考文献
Reference
PhyA Os03g51030 光敏色素基因，短日照条件下诱导成花，长日照条件下抑制抽穗 Ehd1 [40]
PhyB Os03g19590 光敏色素基因，抑制抽穗 Ehd1 [41]
PhyC Os03g54084 光敏色素基因，抑制抽穗 Ehd1 [42]
Hd3a Os06g0157700 短日照条件下成花素基因 Hd1 [43]
RFT1 Os06g0157500 长日照条件下成花素基因 Ehd1 [44]
GI Os01g0182600 昼夜节律基因，短日照条件下促进抽穗，长日照条件下抑制抽穗 Hd1 [45]
CCA1/LHY Os08g0157600 昼夜节律基因，具有促进和延迟抽穗的双重功能 Ehd1/Hd1 [46]
LUX Os01g74020 通过招募OsELF3-1和OsELF4抑制Hd1和Ghd7 Ehd1/Hd1 [47]
Ehd1 Os10g0463400 长日照条件下的调控抽穗的重要整合因子 Ehd1 [33]
Ehd2 Os10g0419200 水稻成花的促进因子，调节水稻的成花转变而不影响生长速率 Ehd1/Hd1 [48]
Ehd3 Os08g0105000 水稻成花的促进因子 Ehd1 [49]
Ehd4 Os03g0112700 早穗基因，通过Ehd1上调成花素基因的表达从而促进抽穗，但独立于已知的其他Ehd1调控因子 Ehd1 [50]
Hd1 Os06g0275000 具有双重功能，短日照条件下促进抽穗，长日照条件下抑制抽穗 Hd1 [28]
Ghd7/Hd4 Os07g0261200 长日照条件下抑制抽穗，Ehd1的主要抑制因子 Ehd1 [51]
Hd17/ELF3/Ef7 Os06g0142600 长日照条件下，通过抑制Ghd7的表达，上调Ehd1的表达，从而促进抽穗 Ehd1/Hd1 [52-53]
PRR37/DTH7/ Os07g0695100 长日照条件下，抑制水稻成花素基因并正向调控Ehd1的表达，从而延迟抽穗 Ehd1/Hd1 [54]
Ghd7.1/Hd2
Ghd8/DTH8/Hd5 Os08g017450 长日照条件下，通过Ehd1介导的途径抑制抽穗 Ehd1 [55]
MADS51 Os01g0922800 成花促进因子，在短日照下参与OsGI至Ehd1的信号传递 Ehd1 [56]
MADS50/DTH3 Os03g0122600 长日照条件下促进成花，间接激活Ehd1的表达 Ehd1 [57]
BBX14 Os05g0204600 成花抑制因子，长日照下促进Hd1表达，作为成花抑制因子发挥作用；短日照下，作为Ehd1的抑制因子发挥作用 Ehd1/Hd1 [58]
ATG8a-d Os07g0512200，Os04g0624000，Os11g0100100 在短日照和长日照条件下，自噬功能的丧失会导致Hd1的积累并延迟抽穗 Hd1 [59]

表2

抽穗基因等位基因型的稻区适应范围

序号
Number		 稻作区
Rice region		 抽穗基因Heading gene
DTH2 Ehd4 Hd1 OsPRR37 Ghd8 Ghd7
1
 华南双季稻稻作区（18~28° N） 弱等位型
 弱等位型
 强等位型或无功能等位型 无功能等位型
 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型
2
 华中双季稻稻作区（25~35° N） 弱等位型或强等位型 弱等位型或强等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型
3
 西南高原单双季稻稻作区（25~40° N） 强等位型
 弱等位型或强等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或弱等位型或无功能等位型
4
 华北单季稻稻作区(31~40° N) 强等位型
 强等位型
 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型无功能等位型 无功能等位型
 弱等位型
5
 东北早熟单季稻稻作区（38~53° N） 强等位型
 强等位型
 无功能等位型
 无功能等位型
 无功能等位型
 弱等位型或无功能等位型
6
 西北干燥区单季稻稻作区（35~49° N） 强等位型
 强等位型
 强等位型或无功能等位型 强等位型或无功能等位型 无功能等位型
 弱等位型或无功能等位型
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