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作物杂志,2021, 第1期: 90–97 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.013

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮效率粳稻品种的冠层特征

申勇(), 谢昊, 潘竹栋, 朱宽宇, 王志琴, 杨建昌()   

  1. 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学农学院,225009,江苏扬州
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-21 修回日期:2020-12-10 出版日期:2021-02-15 发布日期:2021-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌
  • 作者简介:申勇,研究方向为水稻栽培与生理,E-mail： sy226809@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300800);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300206-4)

Canopy Characteristics of the Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Shen Yong(), Xie Hao, Pan Zhudong, Zhu Kuanyu, Wang Zhiqin, Yang Jianchang()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-08-21 Revised:2020-12-10 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: Yang Jianchang

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摘要：

探明氮高效水稻品种的冠层特征,对于培育和筛选氮高效品种具有重要意义。以2个氮高效品种武运粳30号和连粳7号及2个氮低效品种扬粳4038和宁粳1号作为材料进行大田试验,观察了两类水稻品种的冠层特征及其与产量和氮肥利用率间的关系。结果表明,与氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种总颖花量、结实率、产量和氮肥利用率较高;氮高效品种抽穗期具有较高的单茎茎鞘重、光合速率、光合氮素利用效率、剑叶厚度、比叶重、中上层冠层的光截获量及冠层顶部比叶氮含量、氮消减系数和光氮匹配度,上述主要冠层特征与产量及氮素籽粒生产效率呈显著或极显著正相关。这些冠层特征可作为筛选和培育氮高效水稻品种以及培育高产高效群体的重要指标。

关键词: 籽粒产量, 氮肥利用率, 叶片厚度, 比叶重, 光截获, 氮消减系数

Abstract:

Elucidating the canopy characteristics for nitrogen (N)-efficient rice varieties has great significance for screening N-efficient varieties. In this study, two N-efficient rice varieties Wuyunjing 30 and Lianjing 7 and two N-inefficient rice varieties Yangjing 4038 and Ningjing 1 were used and grown in the paddy field. The canopy characteristics of the two types of varieties and their relationships with grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency were investigated. Results showed that compared with N-inefficient varieties, N-efficient varieties had a higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, mainly due to a larger number of total panicles and a greater filled-grain percentage, the N-efficient varieties showed greater stem-sheath weight per tiller, higher photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), higher leaf thickness, specific leaf weight of the flag leaf, greater light interception rate in the middle and upper layer of a canopy, higher canopy top specific leaf N content, greater N extinction coefficient, better N-light matching degree, above-mentioned canopy traits were significantly and positively correlated with the grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency. These canopy traits could be considered as indexes for breeding and screening N-efficient rice varieties and for cultivating a population with high grain yield and high NUE.

Key words: Grain yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Leaf thickness, Specific leaf weight, Light interception, Nitrogen extinction coefficient

表1

供试品种的生育期天数

品种
Variety		 全生育期
Growth
period		 移栽–抽穗
Transplanting-
heading		 抽穗–成熟
Heading-
maturity
宁粳1号
Ningjing 1		 155 71 56
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 154 70 58
扬粳4038
Yangjing 4038		 151 70 55
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 156 69 61

表2

不同氮利用率水稻品种的叶厚、叶宽和叶角

品种
Variety		 叶厚Leaf thickness (mm) 叶宽Leaf width (mm) 叶角Leaf angle (°)
剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
2nd leaf		 倒三叶
3rd leaf		 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
2nd leaf		 倒三叶
3rd leaf		 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
2nd leaf		 倒三叶
3rd leaf
连粳7号Lianjing 7 0.293a 0.273b 0.287a 13.7a 11.6b 11.1a 15.1b 17.3b 17.4a
武运粳30 Wuyunjing 30 0.281a 0.306a 0.283a 13.3a 13.0ab 11.0a 16.0b 17.5b 17.1a
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038 0.260b 0.254c 0.288a 14.8a 14.7a 12.8a 18.7a 17.8b 17.7a
宁粳1号Ningjing 1 0.264b 0.271b 0.286a 14.7a 13.4ab 11.7a 19.6a 19.2a 18.7a

表3

不同氮利用率水稻品种各器官干重

品种
Variety		 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
叶Leaf 茎鞘Stem-sheath 穗Panicle 叶Leaf 茎鞘Stem-sheath 穗Panicle
连粳7号Lianjing 7 329a 563a 356a 278a 727b 1 058a
武运粳30 Wuyunjing 30 324a 486b 365a 258a 791a 1 036a
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038 343a 479b 341a 276a 693c 845b
宁粳1号Ningjing 1 336a 405c 339a 276a 674c 815b

图1

不同氮利用率水稻品种不同生育期比叶面积和抽穗期顶三叶比叶重 小写字母不同表示品种间差异达显著水平（P<0.05）,NS：差异不显著,下同

图2

抽穗期不同氮利用率水稻品种单茎茎鞘重和单茎叶面积

表4

不同氮利用率水稻品种各器官的含氮量

品种
variety		 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem- sheath		 穗
Panicle		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem- sheath		 穗
Panicle
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 1.27a 0.92c 1.20b 0.86b 0.53bc 1.03c
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 1.05c 1.01b 1.12c 0.82c 0.51c 0.98d
扬粳4038
Yangjing 4038		 1.29a 1.12a 1.35a 0.91a 0.57a 1.11b
宁粳1号
Ningjing 1		 1.15b 1.01b 1.20b 0.93a 0.57a 1.13a

表5

不同氮利用率水稻品种各器官的氮积累量

品种
Variety		 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem- sheath		 穗
Panicle		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem- sheath		 穗
Panicle
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 41.8ab 44.9c 42.7a 23.8ab 38.3a 109.0a
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 34.0c 56.9a 40.9b 21.0b 40.6a 102.0a
扬粳4038
Yangjing 4038		 44.2a 45.4c 40.6b 25.2a 39.7a 93.8b
宁粳1号
Ningjing 1		 38.6b 48.4b 40.7b 25.7a 38.7a 92.1b

图3

不同氮利用率水稻品种的叶片光合速率、比叶氮含量和光合氮素利用率

图4

抽穗期不同氮利用率水稻品种冠层光截获率和比叶氮含量

表6

抽穗期不同氮利用率水稻品种光氮匹配度和光合氮素利用率

品种Variety KL(m2/m2) KN(m2/m2) KN/KL N0(g/cm2)
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0.346a 0.118a 0.347a 1.68a
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0.347a 0.116a 0.340a 1.70a
扬粳4038
Yangjing 4038		 0.355a 0.102b 0.287b 1.55b
宁粳1号
Ningjing 1		 0.352a 0.098b 0.278b 1.53b

表7

不同水稻品种的氮素利用率和氮的转运

品种Variety 总吸氮量Total N uptake (kg/hm2) PFPN(kg/kg) IEN(kg/kg) HIN(%) NT(kg/hm2) NTE(%)
连粳7号Lianjing 7 165a 51.9a 56.7a 60.0a 29.1a 33.8a
武运粳30 Wuyunjing 30 163a 50.9a 56.3a 61.5a 29.3a 32.2a
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038 158b 45.8b 52.2b 56.2b 22.6b 26.0c
宁粳1号Ningjing 1 155b 45.2b 52.5b 55.8b 24.7b 27.6b

表8

不同氮利用率水稻品种的产量及其构成因素

品种
Variety		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)		 穗数
Panicles		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 总颖花数
Total spikelets (×103/m2)		 结实率
Filled grain percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
连粳7号Lianjing 7 9.35a 257a 149a 38.2a 90.3a 28.2a
武运粳30 Wuyunjing 30 9.17a 252a 150a 37.8a 90.2a 27.3a
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038 8.20b 247a 140b 34.6b 88.2b 28.2a
宁粳1号Ningjing 1 8.04b 250a 136b 34.0b 86.1b 27.3a

表9

抽穗和成熟期植株主要冠层性状与产量和氮肥利用率的相关

生育期
Growth stage		 冠层性状
Canopy trait		 产量
Yield		 IEN
成熟期 茎鞘含氮率 -0.898* -0.898*
Maturity 叶含氮率 -0.966* -0.977*
穗含氮率 -0.906* -0.899
抽穗期 单茎茎鞘重 -0.957* -0.985**
Heading 比叶面积 -0.916* -0.910*
光合氮素利用效率 -0.995** -0.973*
剑叶叶厚 -0.956* -0.965*
冠层顶部氮含量 -0.948** -0.966**
剑叶比叶重 -0.902* -0.831*
剑叶叶角 -0.995* -0.970*
L1和L2光截获量 -0.956** -0.945**
光氮匹配度（KN/KL） -0.988** -0.988**
氮消减系数（KN） -0.899** -0.944**
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