不同灌水量下喷施腐植酸对燕麦光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究旨在明确不同灌水量下喷施腐植酸对燕麦光合特性及产量的影响。在防雨棚池栽条件下,以蒙农大燕1号为试验材料,在3种不同灌水量（60、120和180mm）处理下,于孕穗期和开花期分别在叶面喷施腐植酸（HA）和等量清水（WT）,CK为不喷施处理,分析测定燕麦植株形态、光合参数及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,在60mm和120mm灌水量下,HA处理的株高、单株叶面积、气孔导度（G_s）、净光合速率（P_n）和蒸腾速率（T_r）均显著提高（P<0.05）,胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）降低,60mm灌水量下各指标增幅高于120mm灌水量;P_n平均分别提高了43.4%和36.3%,单株叶面积平均分别提高了54.3%和34.7%（P<0.05）;与CK相比,喷施HA后籽粒产量显著提高,60mm和120mm灌水量下增产率分别达22.7%和18.0%,穗长和单穗粒数均显著增加（P<0.05）;而WT处理对植株形态、光合参数和产量等指标无显著影响。180mm灌水量,HA处理P_n和单株叶面积较CK和WT显著增加,籽粒产量提高幅度不显著。综上,在较低灌水量下喷施腐植酸可以改善燕麦光合能力,促进籽粒灌浆并提高籽粒产量。

关键词: 燕麦, 灌水量, 腐植酸, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to clarify the effects of spraying humic acid on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oats under different irrigation amounts. Under the condition of rain-proof shed pond cultivation, using Mengnongdayan No.1 as the test material, three different irrigation amounts (60, 120 and 180mm), and three spraying treatments of spraying humic acid (HA), spraying water (WT) and no spraying (CK) at booting stage and flowering stage were set to analysis and determine the plant morphology, photosynthetic parameters, yield components, and other indicators. The results showed that under 60mm and 120mm irrigation rates, HA treatment significantly increased plant height, leaf area per plant, stomatal conductance (G_s), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), and transpiration rate (T_r) (P < 0.05). The CO₂ concentration (C_i) decreased, the increase of each index under 60mm irrigation amount was higher than that of 120mm; P_n increased by 43.4% and 36.3% on average, leaf area per plant increased by 54.3% and 34.7% on average (P < 0.05); Grain yield of HA treatment significantly increased under 60mm and 120mm irrigation amounts by 22.7% and 18.0%, respectively. Ear length and grain number per panicle increased significantly (P < 0.05); while WT treatment had no significant effects on morphology, photosynthetic parameters, yield and other indicators. With an irrigation amount of 180mm, the photosynthetic rate and leaf area per plant under HA treatment were significantly increased compared with CK and WT, and the increase of grain yield was not significant. In summary, spraying humic acid under low irrigation can improve the photosynthetic capacity of oat, thereby promoting grain filling and increasing grain yield.

Key words: Oat, Irrigation amount, Humic acid, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

王琦, 孙雯, 武俊英, 刘景辉, 赵宝平. 不同灌水量下喷施腐植酸对燕麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (1): 98–103

Wang Qi, Sun Wen, Wu Junying, Liu Jinghui, Zhao Baoping. Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Spraying Humic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Oat[J]. Crops, 2021(1): 98–103

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灌水量 Irrigation amount	处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Number of spikes per square meter	小穗数 Spikelet number	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
60mm	CK	232.0±36.7Bb	17.1±1.4Aa	20.6±2.0Ba	61.7±1.8Bb	13.7±0.3Ba	2 526.59±155.9Bb
	WT	264.0±8.0Bb	18.2±2.8Aa	21.0±2.1Ba	70.3±5.4Cab	14.7±0.6Aa	2 764.66±202.2Bab
	HA	344.0±13.9Aa	20.6±2.0Aa	23.5±1.5Ba	81.1±6.4Ba	14.9±2.0Aa	3 099.10±249.7Ba
120mm	CK	257.3±18.0ABb	17.8±1.1Aa	22.7±0.3ABc	72.9±8.9Ab	14.6±0.7ABa	2 870.21±175.5Bb
	WT	278.7±33.3ABb	19.7±1.8Aa	24.0±0.9Ab	78.3±4.4Bb	15.5±1.7Aa	3 101.85±237.1ABab
	HA	354.0±16.4Aa	21.2±1.7Aa	25.4±0.5ABa	96.5±5.2Ba	16.1±1.6Aa	3 387.57±128.1ABa
180mm	CK	318.7±36.1Aa	19.4±1.2Aa	24.7±0.9Aa	95.3±0.6Ab	15.5±0.7Aa	3 301.85±240.3Aa
	WT	326.7±28.1Aa	20.4±1.3Aa	25.7±0.9Aa	100.7±4.5Ab	15.7±0.8Aa	3 370.21±128.3Aa
	HA	357.3±11.7Aa	21.9±2.3Aa	26.7±1.8Aa	107.1±2.4Aa	16.4±1.8Aa	3 605.60±279.6Aa