外源褪黑素对红小豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量构成因素的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黑龙江省主栽红小豆品种珍珠红为供试材料,采用盆栽方式,分别在苗期、花荚期和鼓粒期喷施0（CK）、50、100和200μmol/L褪黑素,探讨外源褪黑素对红小豆生长、光合荧光特性和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,50、100和200μmol/L褪黑素处理均能增加红小豆株高、叶面积和干物质积累,提高红小豆净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、最大光化学效率和潜在光化学活性,且褪黑素浓度为100μmol/L时各指标提高幅度最大。在苗期、花荚期、鼓粒期喷施100μmol/L褪黑素处理的红小豆单株粒重分别为5.53、6.13和5.90g,与CK相比分别增加了6.3%、12.1%和9.5%。综上可知,红小豆花荚期喷施100μmol/L褪黑素增产效果最显著。

关键词: 红小豆, 褪黑素, 干物质积累, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of exogenous melatonin on the growth, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield components of adzuki bean Zhenzhuhong, the main adzuki bean variety in Heilongjiang province, was used in pot culture, different concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, 100, 200μmol/L) were sprayed at seedling stage, flowering and podding stage and seed filling stage. The results showed that, compared with the control, the treatments of 50, 100 and 200μmol/L melatonin increased plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and potential photochemical activity (F_v/F_o), and the treatment of 100μmol/L melatonin had the greatest improvement. The grain weight per plant of adzuki bean were 5.53, 6.13 and 5.90g at seedling stage, flowering and pod stage and seed filling stage, respectively, which increased by 6.3%, 12.1% and 9.5% compared with CK. In conclusion, spraying 100μmol/L melatonin at flowering and pod stage of adzuki bean had the most significant increase effect on yield.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Melatonin, Dry matter accumulation, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

陈忠诚, 金喜军, 李贺, 周伟鑫, 强斌斌, 刘佳, 张玉先. 外源褪黑素对红小豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量构成因素的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (6): 88–94

Chen Zhongcheng, Jin Xijun, Li He, Zhou Weixin, Qiang Binbin, Liu Jia, Zhang Yuxian. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Growth, Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield Components of Adzuki Bean[J]. Crops, 2021(6): 88–94

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时期 Period	褪黑素浓度 Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)
苗期Seedling stage	0 (CK)	15.90±0.92c	3.41±0.06ab	6629.4±2010.1a
	50	21.33±0.51b	3.27±0.05ab	7649.5±944.1a
	100	23.73±0.77a	3.74±0.07a	7937.2±826.0a
	200	17.08±0.78c	2.98±0.10b	7466.9±1219.4a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage	0 (CK)	16.72±0.74a	3.19±0.22a	20357.7±1986.6b
	50	16.58±0.46a	2.94±0.14a	23280.6±2267.9ab
	100	18.67±1.23a	3.56±0.54a	31500.4±5155.7a
	200	17.03±0.76a	2.61±0.14a	15567.3±2205.1b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage	0 (CK)	15.10±1.36a	3.24±0.16a	20079.7±3661.2c
	50	16.26±1.03a	2.87±0.14a	30989.3±3686.5ab
	100	19.12±1.78a	3.70±0.49a	33633.0±1700.5a
	200	15.60±0.48a	3.39±0.13a	22887.7±1090.7bc

时期 Period	褪黑素浓度 Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)	地上鲜重 Aboveground fresh weight (g)	地下鲜重 Underground fresh weight (g)	地下部干重 Underground dry weight (g)	地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight (g)	根冠比 Root shoot ratio
苗期Seedling stage	0 (CK)	3.25±0.19a	1.51±0.46a	0.31±0.03a	0.59±0.08b	0.50±0.04a
	50	3.21±0.19a	1.96±0.41a	0.35±0.07a	0.76±0.04ab	0.53±0.03a
	100	3.54±0.44a	1.26±0.21a	0.47±0.06a	0.89±0.06a	0.56±0.04a
	200	3.76±0.38a	1.86±0.17a	0.42±0.05a	0.74±0.05b	0.49±0.03a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage	0 (CK)	8.14±0.62c	5.80±0.61b	0.77±0.09a	1.44±0.09bc	0.54±0.03a
	50	10.05±0.10b	6.18±0.53ab	1.00±0.11a	1.68±0.05b	0.60±0.02a
	100	13.86±0.90a	7.95±0.89a	1.23±0.30a	2.04±0.11a	0.66±0.04a
	200	6.73±0.18c	4.35±0.39b	0.75±0.02a	1.30±0.11c	0.59±0.06a
鼓粒期Seed filling stage	0 (CK)	8.05±0.27b	4.48±0.81bc	0.85±0.11ab	1.57±0.14b	0.55±0.05ab
	50	11.38±0.76a	6.31±0.56b	1.03±0.16ab	1.86±0.10ab	0.66±0.04ab
	100	12.03±0.46a	8.38±0.47a	1.19±0.02a	2.08±0.16a	0.69±0.05a
	200	7.79±0.53a	4.18±0.40c	0.71±0.04b	1.60±0.17ab	0.51±0.06b

时期 Period	褪黑素浓度 Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)	叶绿素a Chl a (mg/g)	叶绿素b Chl b (mg/g)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg/g)	总叶绿素a+b Chl (a+b) (mg/g)	叶绿素比值 Chl (a/b)
苗期Seedling stage	0 (CK)	1.25±0.064bc	0.40±0.018ab	0.30±0.025b	1.65±0.080ab	3.14±0.09b
	50	1.36±0.089ab	0.45±0.027a	0.29±0.019bc	1.81±0.117a	3.02±0.02b
	100	1.46±0.034a	0.44±0.012a	0.40±0.014a	1.89±0.046a	3.35±0.01a
	200	1.07±0.018ab	0.36±0.010b	0.24±0.003c	1.43±0.029ab	3.00±0.04ab
花荚期Flowering and pod stage	0 (CK)	1.82±0.046b	0.52±0.019c	0.45±0.008b	2.35±0.065b	3.47±0.04a
	50	2.52±0.126a	0.73±0.044b	0.59±0.023a	3.25±0.169a	3.45±0.06a
	100	2.69±0.213a	0.88±0.073a	0.55±0.004a	3.57±0.285a	3.04±0.04b
	200	1.83±0.091b	0.63±0.023bc	0.28±0.018c	2.46±0.114b	2.91±0.05b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage	0 (CK)	0.99±0.078ab	0.29±0.024ab	0.43±0.035a	1.28±0.101ab	3.49±0.03a
	50	0.98±0.021ab	0.33±0.008ab	0.38±0.011ab	1.30±0.030ab	2.95±0.01b
	100	1.19±0.197a	0.44±0.083a	0.44±0.065a	1.63±0.281a	2.77±0.07c
	200	0.69±0.093b	0.23±0.028b	0.29±0.029b	0.92±0.121b	2.95±0.06b

时期 Period	褪黑素浓度 Melatonin concentration (μmol/L)	单株荚数 Pods per plant	单株粒数 Seeds per pod	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)
苗期Seedling stage	0 (CK)	11.50±0.65a	55.00±4.93a	9.07±0.21a	5.20±0.46a
	50	12.00±0.71a	55.00±3.56a	9.08±0.27a	5.37±0.31a
	100	13.25±0.48a	55.75±0.95a	9.30±0.67a	5.53±0.08a
	200	13.00±0.71a	55.75±2.63a	9.13±0.34a	5.36±0.18a
花荚期Flowering and pod stage	0 (CK)	12.50±0.65a	57.25±2.14a	9.02±0.28a	5.47±0.06b
	50	13.75±0.63a	59.25±2.06a	9.44±0.63a	5.76±0.11ab
	100	14.25±0.75a	61.00±1.35a	9.82±0.19a	6.13±0.09a
	200	12.00±0.71a	54.75±2.50a	8.74±0.78a	5.45±0.22b
鼓粒期Seed filling stage	0 (CK)	12.25±0.25a	57.00±2.48a	8.94±0.45b	5.39±0.20ab
	50	12.50±0.87a	58.25±2.06a	10.05±0.26a	5.65±0.24a
	100	13.25±0.48a	60.00±1.83a	10.90±0.17a	5.90±0.05a
	200	12.75±0.63a	53.50±2.25b	8.92±0.14b	5.00±0.17b