Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 20-24.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.01.004

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Practice and Thinking of Maize Breeding in Southwest of China

Huo Shiping1,2,Yan Qingjiu1,2,Xiang Zhenfan1,2,Zhang Fangkui1,2,Feng Yunchao1,2,Zhang Xingduan1,2,Yu Zhijiang1,2   

  1. 1 Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 404155,China
    2 Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Mountain Ecological Agriculture,Chongqing 404155,China
  • Received:2016-11-25 Revised:2017-01-03 Online:2017-02-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

The situation for maize breeding in the past 30 years in southwest of China was analysed and it was found that maize hybrid grain yield increased linearly with test rounds in the area and the grain yield increased by 1.87% averagely compared with CK. The days from emergence to maturity extended linearly with the test rounds in the area with 0.32d extended averagely. Plant height increased linearly with regional trial rounds by 2.82cm on average. Ear diameter, ear row number, kernel number, and 100-grain weight showed a linear increase, and bald tip length extended linearly with the increase of age; germplasm basis and utilization mode of heterosis had certain particularity. There are three main errors in maize breeding in southwest of China: extending growth period, increasing plant height, and emphasizing on high stem but planting sparsely with large spike cultivars. It was the key to the success or failure of breeding by choosing accurately appropriate breeding objectives, breeding and improving core breeding materials, focusing on the selection of general combining ability, yield and stress tolerance of inbred lines. Actively adapting to the new national seed policy, fully excavating utilization potential of existing germplasm resources, cultivating varieties suitable for light and simple cultivation, and combining specialty maize breeding and industrial development should be the direction of maize breeding in southwest of China.

Key words: Maize breeding, Germplasm basis, Breeding strategy, Yield

Fig.1

Breeding situation of grain yield and its relative traits of maize hybrids in southwest of China near 30 years * shows significant correlation at 0.05 level"

Table 1

Ear trait of maize hybrids"

年份
Year		 穗长(cm)
Ear length		 穗粗(cm)
Ear diameter		 秃尖长(cm)
Bald tip length		 穗行数
Ear row number		 行粒数
Kernel number		 百粒重(g)
100-grain weight
1985 18.5 4.75 0.6 13.2 34.4 26.7
1995 18.8 4.92 1.2 13.8 36.2 29.9
2005 19.1 5.15 1.5 14.6 38.1 31.1
2012 20.9 5.40 1.7 15.5 39.7 32.4

Table 2

The main maize hybrid used in southwest of China and its germplasm source"

品种Variety 组合Cross 母本来源Source of female 父本来源Source of male
恩单2号 77×五151 （黄小162×美1865）×（187-2×南55） 中国贵州晴隆五穗白
七三单交 77×自330 （黄小162×美1865）×（187-2×南55） Oh43×可67
南七单交 南21-3×75-1 南斯拉夫杂交种BC8241Ht 77×五151
绵单1号 南21-3×81565 南斯拉夫杂交种BC8241Ht （获白×金03）S2×墨白94
交三单交 交51×自330 中国贵州长顺农家种 oh43×可67
雅玉2号 7922×S37 美国先锋种子公司杂交种3382 泰国综合种Suwan1
雅玉8号 3237×交51 32×S37 中国贵州长顺农家种
万单11号 286-4×75-1 南21-3×81565 77×五151
万单13号 BCFM13×286-4 （75-1×Mo17）F1×Mo17 南21-3×81565
七黄单交 75-2×黄早四 77×五151 四平头
湘玉10号 7164×毛白11 77×330 中国湖南永顺农家种
华玉4号 HZ85×S7913 美3358 中国西南山区农家种
鄂玉10号 3358-2×S7913 美3358 中国西南山区农家种
莫A Mo17×SSE232 187-2×C103 CIMMYT自交系
昆单1号 8112×自330 美国杂交种 Oh43×可67
87单交 8112×7913 美国杂交种 中国鄂西南农家种
黔单4号 关岭花山×自330 中国贵州关岭农家种 Oh43×可67
毕单5号 毕331×毕306 不详 77×330
会单4号 掖107×S1611 美XL80 泰国Suwan2
兴黄单892 5311×S11 中国贵州晴隆五穗白 泰国Suwan1
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