Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 116-120.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.019

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Effects of Subsoiling on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Sunflower

Shuping Hu,Tiantian Meng,Hui Zhao,Haizhu Bao   

  1. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-07-23 Revised:2018-12-11 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Haizhu Bao

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Abstract:

To explore the response of oil sunflower yield, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence to the subsoiling, in 2016-2017, oil sunflower T562 was used as the test material, and different treatments (subsoiling 45cm, subsoiling 30cm, and shallow rotation 15cm) were examined for the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of sunflower leaves at different growth stages, leaf SPAD, yield composition, and number of dead leaves. The results showed that the yield and Pn of subsoiling treatments sunflower were significantly superior than that of shallow rotation. After flowering, with the progress of fertility process, the Pn of leaves increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum in the bud-initial flowering stage; the Pn value was expressed as subsoiling 45cm>subsoiling 30cm>shallow rotation 15cm; The SPAD value of the leaf layer showed that the subsoiling treatment was higher than the shallow rotation; the lower leaf from the initial flowering to the final flowering stage, the SPAD value showed a downward trend, and the decrease was the largest with the shallow rotation of 15cm, and the smallest with the subsoiling of 45cm. The results showed that subsoiling treatment could delay the senescence process of sunflower leaves, and the subsoiling measures could adjust the yield components. The overall performance is as follows: grain weight per disk, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate increase with the increase of subsoiling depth. Among them, subsoiling treatment had the greatest impact on grain weight per disk, followed by 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate, finally achieved the yield increase.

Key words: Sunflower, Subsoiling, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

Fig.1

The net photosynthetic rate of leaf under subsoiling S45, Subsoiling 45cm; S30, Subsoiling 30cm; RT, Rotary tillage 15cm; SP, Bud stage; EP, Initial flowering stage; EP+7d, 7days after flowering; EP+14d, 14 days after flowering; FP, Final flowering stage. The same below"

Table 1

The Turkey test of leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn)"

处理
Treatment		 均值Mean
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 生育时期
Growth stage		 均值Mean
[μmol/(m2·s)]
浅旋15cm (RT) 17.1b 终花期(FP) 14.7d
深松30cm (S30) 17.9b 现蕾期(SP) 17.6c
深松45cm (S45) 20.2a 花后14d (EP+14d) 17.7c
- - 花后7d (EP+7d) 20.0b
- - 初花期(EP) 22.1a

Fig.2

The SPAD of leaves in flowering stage under subsoiling"

Fig.3

The dead leaves number in flowering stage under subsoiling"

Table 2

The Turkey test of yield components"

处理Treatment 单盘粒重Grain weight per disk (g) 结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 子仁率Seed kernel rate (%) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
均值Average 较RT增幅(%)
Increase amplitude
over RT		 均值Average 较RT增幅(%)
Increase amplitude
over RT		 均值Average 较RT增幅(%)
Increase amplitude
over RT		 均值Average 较RT增幅(%)
Increase amplitude
over RT		 均值Average 较RT增幅(%)
Increase amplitude
over RT
RT 84.29c - 89.54c - 63.23c - 58.11b - 4 800.0c -
S30 90.71b 7.6 92.05b 2.8 67.39b 6.6 60.44b 4.0 5 052.0b 5.3
S45 96.19a 14.1 94.38a 5.4 69.55a 10.0 64.02a 10.2 5 256.0a 9.5
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