Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 76-80.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.01.013

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Short-Term Effects of Tillage and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Characters and Annual Rice-Wheat Yield in Coastal Low- and Medium-Yield Farmland of the Old Yellow River

Gu Kejun,Gu Dongxiang,Zhang Simei,Zhang Chuanhui,Zhang Henggan,Wu Jingjing,Fan Pingsheng   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2019-08-05 Revised:2019-10-22 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-23

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Abstract:

Improving the quality of cultivated land in low and medium yield field is an important way to guarantee the grain production capacity of the region. The effects of tillage and organic fertilizer application on soil fertility were studied by setting up tillage methods and increasing organic fertilizer application under the condition of annual total straw returning in rice-wheat rotation area of Binhai county, Jiangsu province. The results showed that no-tillage and rotary tillage could improve the content of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Compared with ploughing treatment, soil organic matter content in rotary tillage treatment was increased by 13.0%-21.2%, and alkaline free nitrogen content was increased by 3.6%-26.4%. However, the short-term effect on soil physical structure improvement was plowing > rotary tillage > no-tillage. Adding organic fertilizer could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil organic matter, but had little effect on yield. From the anniversary perspective, organic-inorganic combination, tillage and shallow rotation combination are helpful to improve soil structure and soil fertility. The treatments of the highest yield were rotary tillage in wheat season and plowing in rice season, respectively. Adding organic fertilizer and suitable tillage methods could increase annual yield of rice and wheat with effectively increasing soil nutrients, improving soil structure and promoting sustainable productivity of soil. By adding organic fertilizer on the basis of traditional chemical fertilizers, alternating tilling and deep ploughing, the middle and low yield fields in rice-wheat rotation area of the Old Yellow River could achieve higher yield while improving the quality of cultivated land.

Key words: Sandy soil, Tillage, Rice-wheat rotation, Soil fertility, Yield

Table 1

Soil nutrient status of wheat at harvest stage under different tillage patterns in rice-wheat rotation system (2018)"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density
(g/cm3)		 土壤质量含水率
Soil moisture content (%)		 土壤空隙度
Soil porosity
(%)		 土壤三相比R值
Ratio of soil solid-
liquid-gaseous		 有机质含量
Organic matter
content (g/kg)		 碱解氮含量Alkali nitrogen
content (mg/kg)		 速效磷含量
Available phosphorus
content (mg/kg)		 速效钾含量
Available potassium
content (mg/kg)
RW1 1.27a 22.25b 52.17a 4.5ab 6.3e 34.1c 11.8a 99.2c
RW2 1.25a 21.98b 52.67a 4.2a 5.2b 18.3b 16.7b 50.8a
RW3 1.29a 18.98a 51.40a 3.9a 4.6a 16.3a 23.0c 73.1b
RW4 1.24a 20.89b 53.06a 4.6ab 5.4c 20.1b 10.6a 73.9b
RW5 1.23a 19.26ab 53.56a 5.8b 6.1d 19.4b 9.5a 69.4b

Table 2

Soil nutrient status of rice at harvest stage under different tillage patterns in rice-wheat rotation system (2018)"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density
(g/cm3)		 土壤质量含水率
Soil moisture content (%)		 土壤空隙度
Soil porosity
(%)		 土壤三相比R值
Ratio of soil solid-
liquid-gaseous		 有机质含量
Organic matter
content (g/kg)		 碱解氮含量Alkali nitrogen
content (mg/kg)		 速效磷含量
Available phosphorus
content (mg/kg)		 速效钾含量
Available potassium
content (mg/kg)
RW1 - - - - - - - -
RW2 1.21a 25.12a 54.45a 7.2b 6.37b 55.0ab 4.30a 82.8a
RW3 1.27a 24.78a 52.18a 3.6a 4.96a 46.9ab 5.71c 83.1a
RW4 1.33a 28.51ab 49.99a 4.4a 6.60b 45.0a 4.37a 108.0b
RW5 1.20a 30.77b 54.72a 7.1b 7.64c 61.2b 5.00b 127.3c

Fig.1

Effects of tillage and fertilization on organic matter and available nitrogen content in different soil layers in rice season Different small letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level"

Table 3

Yield components of wheat under different tillage patterns in rice-wheat rotation system (2018)"

处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重
1000-kernel
weight (g)		 穗数
Ear number
(×104/hm2)		 单产
Yield
(kg/hm2)
RW1 28.9a 39.9a 459.0 5 458.5c
RW2 27.9a 37.8b 580.5 6 040.5a
RW3 28.4a 38.1b 547.5 5 694.0b
RW4 27.8a 39.1ab 531.0 5 812.5b
RW5 27.3a 40.5a 585.0 6 001.5a

Table 4

Yield structure of rice under different tillage patterns in rice-wheat rotation system (2018)"

处理
Treatment		 穗长(cm)
Ear length		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 实粒数
Filled-grains per spike		 结实率(%)
Filled-grain percentage		 千粒重(g)
1000-kernel weight		 穗数(×104/hm2)
Ear number		 单产(kg/hm2)
Yield
RW1 13.5a 99.6a 90.0a 90.4b 27.7a 362.2b 9 611.2ab
RW2 13.7a 104.1a 94.6a 91.6ab 27.8a 366.7b 9 532.6ab
RW3 13.9a 98.0a 90.2a 90.2b 27.9a 381.7ab 9 901.6ab
RW4 13.2a 83.1ab 77.2ab 92.9ab 28.1a 425.3a 10 436.3a
RW5 12.2b 71.5b 68.2b 95.4a 28.9a 360.1b 8 349.9b
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