农业废弃物与化肥减量配施对连作晚稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.017

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the nitrogen substitution ability and aftereffect fertility of agricultural waste materials, four equal nitrogen fertilization treatments were set in the early rice season: chemical fertilizer (CK), rice straw + chemical fertilizer (SF), water hyacinth + chemical fertilizer (HF) and broccoli stem and leaf + chemical fertilizer (BF). No nitrogen fertilizer control (CK0) was set up. In the late rice season, straw was returned to the field only in the SF, HF and BF treatments. Taizao 733 was used as early rice, Zhongzheyou 8 and Yongyou 1540 were used as late rice. The effects of different treatments on grain yield, quality and soil fertility were evaluated. The results showed that the combined application of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer could improve the nitrogen use efficiency and increase grain yield. Compared with CK, the yield of late rice in SF, HF and BF treatments increased by 5.3%, 7.2% and 7.6%, respectively, and the annual yield increased by -1.7%, 3.5% and 8.1%, respectively. The combined application of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer could improve the quality of milling, appearance, and taste, mainly by increasing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate, and reducing chalky grain rate, chalkiness (only Zhongzheyou 8) and protein content. The treatments of SF, HF and BF increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, reduced soil bulk density and alleviated soil acidification. In summary, the combination of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer was beneficial to high and stable grain yield of rice, and could improve rice quality and soil fertility. Among them, BF treatment was the best.

Key words: Agricultural waste materials, Reduction of chemical fertilizer, Double cropping late rice, Yield, Quality, Soil fertility

Ma Yihu, He Xianbiao, Qi Wen, Wang Xuhui, Chen Jian, Zhou Cui, Zhang Zhongxi. Effects of Application of Agricultural Waste Materials and Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Quality of Double Cropping Late Rice and Soil Fertility[J].Crops, 2022, 38(3): 115-124.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Grain yield and its components of continuous cropping late rice under different fertilization treatments"

试验点 Experiment site	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	有效穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Spikelets	总颖花量 Total amount of spikelets (×10⁶/hm²)	结实率 Seed- setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
小溪 Xiaoxi	中浙优8号	CK0	116.1±1.5d	189.5±2.5c	165.2±3.5c	313.1±6.9d	91.1±1.9a	25.81±0.16a	7.36±0.09c	7.12±0.12c
小溪 Xiaoxi		CK	118.0±2.1b	254.6±4.6b	172.8±5.2b	440.0±11.3c	87.3±2.1b	25.76±0.13a	9.90±0.15b	9.48±0.19b
		SF	118.5±0.8b	263.8±3.2a	173.3±2.5b	457.1±15.6b	87.6±1.3b	25.99±0.11a	10.41±0.14ab	10.28±0.15a
		HF	117.1±2.4c	268.4±2.4a	170.1±3.5b	456.5±12.4b	86.8±1.7b	25.73±0.07a	10.20±0.09ab	10.16±0.11a
		BF	122.1±1.2a	265.6±5.6a	178.4±3.9a	473.8±14.6a	88.4±0.8b	25.67±0.18a	10.75±0.11a	10.39±0.09a
	甬优1540	CK0	96.8±2.0b	186.9±2.1d	175.9±5.1b	328.8±9.9d	93.6±1.8a	24.38±0.15a	7.50±0.17d	7.32±0.17c
		CK	97.1±1.9b	223.6±2.4c	184.6±4.9a	412.7±6.1c	91.8±1.5bc	24.49±0.14a	9.28±0.20c	9.44±0.18b
		SF	99.9±0.2a	227.9±6.1c	186.8±5.3a	425.7±16.3b	92.6±1.9ab	24.59±0.11a	9.70±0.18b	9.59±0.10ab
		HF	99.9±1.8a	253.8±3.1a	177.9±3.5b	451.5±7.9a	91.9±1.2bc	24.46±0.09a	10.15±0.13a	9.87±0.12a
		BF	100.4±0.8a	247.5±3.9b	183.8±3.4a	454.9±14.9a	90.8±1.6c	24.31±0.15a	10.04±0.14ab	9.76±0.08a
前街 Qianjie	中浙优8号	CK0	111.3±1.0c	184.6±4.8c	169.2±5.7d	312.4±12.4c	90.6±0.9a	25.97±0.16a	7.35±0.07d	7.23±0.17d
前街 Qianjie		CK	120.6±2.2a	258.4±4.8b	170.2±4.9c	439.7±15.3b	85.5±1.6b	25.90±0.13a	9.75±0.11c	9.23±0.04c
		SF	118.1±1.9b	258.8±5.3b	172.0±7.1b	445.1±13.7b	86.6±2.1b	25.93±0.15a	10.01±0.15bc	9.94±0.12b
		HF	119.3±1.6ab	272.2±6.1a	171.4±5.9b	466.6±16.2a	87.8±1.8ab	25.69±0.09a	10.53±0.04ab	10.27±0.11ab
		BF	120.3±1.2a	263.9±2.9b	179.9±3.9a	474.8±21.3a	89.4±2.1ab	25.61±0.10a	10.87±0.15a	10.31±0.09a
	甬优1540	CK0	94.6±0.7c	183.6±4.9e	182.6±2.8b	335.3±21.1d	95.5±2.0a	24.28±0.06a	7.77±0.12c	7.71±0.13c
		CK	98.3±1.9ab	226.7±4.2d	184.5±4.3b	418.2±14.9c	90.9±1.1b	24.65±0.12a	9.37±0.05b	9.15±0.18b
		SF	97.5±0.6b	231.4±3.5c	191.5±3.9a	443.2±20.8b	91.0±2.1b	24.75±0.17a	9.99±0.12a	9.49±0.07a
		HF	98.9±1.8ab	258.9±2.9a	175.7±1.9c	454.9±15.7a	90.7±1.8b	24.22±0.08a	9.99±0.16a	9.68±0.17a
		BF	99.8±1.7a	250.2±5.8b	185.4±2.3b	463.9±21.7a	90.0±1.7b	24.11±0.06a	10.07±0.13a	9.70±0.16a

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

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试验点 Experiment site	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available N (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	镉 Cd (mg/kg)
小溪Xiaoxi	1.25	5.66	32.40	2.17	88.50	33.23	104.91	0.23
前街Qianjie	1.27	5.72	31.61	2.12	81.31	28.01	101.62	0.24

农业废弃物 Agricultural waste materials	含水量 Water content (%)	含C量（以干物质量计） C content (g/kg)	含N量（以干物质量计） N content (g/kg)	全磷 Total P (g/kg)	全钾 Total K (g/kg)	碳氮比 C/N
稻草Rice straw	41.87	544.10	9.94	2.86	23.30	54.7
水葫芦Water hyacinth	87.78	549.20	1.98	0.09	2.01	277.4
西兰花茎叶Stem and leaf of broccoli	88.37	538.10	4.21	1.15	5.75	127.8

稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	农业废弃物类型及施用量 Type and application quantity of agricultural waste material			化肥施用量 Amount of chemical fertilizer application (kg/hm²)			总施氮量 Total N (kg/hm²)	有机氮替代率 Rate of organic nitrogen substitution (%)
稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	类型 Type	施入量 Application quantity (t/hm²)	折合纯N Amount to net N (kg/hm²)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总施氮量 Total N (kg/hm²)	有机氮替代率 Rate of organic nitrogen substitution (%)
早稻 Early rice	CK0	–	0.0	0.0	0.0	101.3	121.5	0.0	0.0
	CK	–	0.0	0.0	202.5	101.3	121.5	202.5	0.0
	SF	稻草	9.1	52.5	150.0	101.3	121.5	202.5	25.9
	HF	水葫芦	217.0	52.5	150.0	101.3	121.5	202.5	25.9
	BF	西兰花茎叶	107.2	52.5	150.0	101.3	121.5	202.5	25.9
晚稻 Late rice	CK0	–	0.0	0.0	0.0	120.0	192.0	0.0	0.0
	CK	–	0.0	0.0	240.0	120.0	192.0	240.0	0.0
	SF	稻草	11.7	67.5	172.5	120.0	192.0	240.0	28.1
	HF	稻草	11.7	67.5	172.5	120.0	192.0	240.0	28.1
	BF	稻草	11.7	67.5	172.5	120.0	192.0	240.0	28.1

试验点 Experiment site	处理 Treatment	早稻产量 Yield of early rice (t/hm²)	连作晚稻产量 Yield of late rice for continuous cropping (t/hm²)	周年产量 Annual total yield (t/hm²)	无机氮肥偏生产力 Inorganic N fertilizer partial productivity (kg/kg)	总氮肥偏生产力 Total N fertilizer partial productivity (kg/kg)	氮肥农学利用率 Agronomic utilization efficiency of N fertilizer (kg/kg)
小溪 Xiaoxi	CK0	6.45d	7.22c	13.67d	–	–	–
小溪 Xiaoxi	CK	7.69b	9.46b	17.15c	38.94b	38.94a	8.26c
	SF	7.09c	9.94a	17.03c	54.15a	39.27a	8.60c
	HF	7.50b	10.02a	17.52b	55.37a	40.17a	9.49b
	BF	8.41a	10.08a	18.49a	57.63a	41.83a	11.16a
前街 Qianjie	CK0	6.39c	7.47d	13.86c	–	–	–
前街 Qianjie	CK	7.64b	9.19c	16.83b	38.10b	38.10a	6.83c
	SF	6.67c	9.71b	16.38b	52.35a	37.95a	6.68c
	HF	7.66b	9.98a	17.64a	55.58a	40.33a	9.06b
	BF	8.25a	10.00a	18.25a	56.97a	41.35a	10.08a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	播种期（月-日） Sowing (month-day)	移栽期（月-日） Transplanting (month-day)	始穗期（月-日） Initial heading (month-day)	齐穗期（月-日） Full heading (month-day)	成熟期（月-日） Maturity (month-day)	播种至齐穗 Sowing-full heading (d)	齐穗至成熟 Full heading- maturity (d)	全生育期 Growth duration (d)
中浙优8号 Zhongzheyou 8	CK0	06-20	07-18	09-17	09-19	11-07	91	49	140
中浙优8号 Zhongzheyou 8	CK	06-20	07-18	09-20	09-23	11-12	95	50	145
	SF	06-20	07-18	09-19	09-22	11-12	94	51	145
	HF	06-20	07-18	09-20	09-23	11-13	95	51	146
	BF	06-20	07-18	09-20	09-23	11-13	95	51	146
甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	CK0	06-20	07-18	09-03	09-05	10-31	77	56	133
甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	CK	06-20	07-18	09-04	09-07	11-03	79	57	136
	SF	06-20	07-18	09-04	09-07	11-03	79	57	136
	HF	06-20	07-18	09-05	09-08	11-04	80	57	137
	BF	06-20	07-18	09-05	09-08	11-04	80	57	137

Effects of Application of Agricultural Waste Materials and Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Quality of Double Cropping Late Rice and Soil Fertility

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