Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 153-159.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.022

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The Influences of Different Altitudes Gradients on Growth and Rhizome Quality of Cassava in Yunnan Province

Li Yuexian1(), Duan Chunfang1,2, Jiang Tailing1, Liu Qian1, Yan Wei1, Xiong Xiankun1, Zhang Linhui1, Song Jiming1, Shen Shaobin1, Zhou Yingchun1, Liu Guanghua3()   

  1. 1Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
    2Baoshan Quanxin Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
    3Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2021-06-01 Revised:2021-07-07 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

To study the effects of altitude gradients on growth and rhizome quality of cassava in Yunnan province, the growth and rhizome quality of cassava at 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600m were studied by using correlation analysis, stepwise regression, path analysis and degree of determination analysis methods. The maximum variation coefficients were bearing flower and fruit or not and hydrocyanic acid content with the change of altitude gradient. There were notable differences of plant height, main stem height, branch number, and deciduous height between high altitude and low altitude. These differences almost showed a downward trend with the rise in altitude, and they were significantly negatively correlated with changes in the altitude gradients. The changes of different altitude gradients mainly affected the deciduous height, branch number and plant height of cassava, with an impact value of 71.1%, and also had impact on the L(+)-ascorbic acid and hydrocyanic acid content of roots, with an impact value of 95.6%. With the increasing of altitude, the content of starch, protein, L(+)-ascorbic acid and hydrocyanic acid of rhizome also increased, and there was a significant positive correlation with the changes of altitude gradients, while the crude fiber content remained basically unchanged. The growth and rhizome quality of cassava in Yunnan were influenced by different altitude gradients, among which the altitude gradient had the maximum direct influences on the variation of hydrocyanic acid content. The quality of cassava rhizome of 1400m can basically meet the production demand, and cassava cultivation could be expanded to high-altitude areas.

Key words: Cassava, Altitude gradient, Growth, Rhizome quality

Table 1

Experimental field overview"

海拔
Altitude
(m)		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Attitude		 年均气温
The annual average
temperature (℃)		 年相对湿度
Annual relative
humidity (%)		 年降雨量
Annual rainfall
(mm)		 光合有效曝辐量
Photosynthetic
effective exposure
(mol/m2)		 光合有效辐照度
Photosynthetically
effective irradiance
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 日照时数
Sunshine
hour
(h)
800 98°50′45″ 25°1′39″ 23.01 55.93 361.9 1.96 542.19 4.99
1000 98°49′25″ 25°1′23″ 20.04 58.32 377.5 1.87 531.38 4.86
1200 98°49′11″ 25°1′25″ 18.89 60.13 467.8 1.76 501.24 4.79
1400 98°48′58″ 25°1′36″ 17.46 60.96 589.3 1.69 483.98 4.66
1600 98°48′45″ 25°2′33″ 17.81 64.10 612.1 1.65 457.76 4.58

Table 2

Variance analysis of agronomic traits of cassava under different altitude gradients"

海拔
Altitude (m)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(cm)		 主茎高
Height of main
stem (cm)		 分枝数
Number of
branches		 落叶高度
Deciduous
height (cm)		 寒害级数
Class of cold
damage
800 292.40±44.94a 24.90±3.05ab 283.90±53.86a 1.20±0.63b 283.90±45.04a 4.00±0.00a
1000 284.10±17.34a 28.10±2.05a 186.30±30.42b 2.50±0.53a 172.40±49.82b 3.10±0.99b
1200 210.10±32.37b 24.12±6.29b 92.50±38.09c 2.10±0.57a 99.40±45.58c 3.10±0.99b
1400 148.20±25.95c 19.63±1.78c 64.80±21.60cd 2.10±0.32a 120.10±57.29c 1.00±0.00c
1600 205.60±24.86b 25.04±5.03ab 48.40±19.80d 2.40±0.52a 120.10±48.78c 3.80±0.42a
平均值Average value 228.08 24.36 135.18 2.06 159.18 3.00
标准差Standard deviation 61.74 4.75 95.36 0.68 82.54 1.25
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 27.07 19.51 70.54 33.13 51.85 41.51

Table 3

The correlation analysis on cassava growth traits and different altitude gradients"

性状
Trait		 株高
Plant
height		 茎粗
Stem
diameter		 主茎高
Height of
main stem		 分枝数
Number of
branches		 落叶高度
Deciduous
height		 寒害级数
Class of
cold
damage		 是否有花果
Bearing
flower and
fruit or not		 单株茎叶鲜重
Fresh weight
of stems and
leaves per plant		 单株鲜薯个数
Fresh root
number
per plant		 单株鲜薯重
Fresh root
weight
per plant
海拔Altitude -0.750** -0.272 -0.667** 0.618** -0.786** -0.287* 0.187 -0.290* -0.083 -0.157
株高Plant height 1.000 0.438** 0.779** -0.446** 0.812** 0.533** -0.004 0.366** 0.233 0.316*
茎粗Stem diameter 1.000 0.353* 0.037 0.335* 0.424** 0.043 0.343* 0.219 0.337*
主茎高Height of main stem 1.000 -0.648** 0.818** 0.449** -0.039 0.318* 0.168 0.270
分枝数Number of branches 1.000 -0.521** -0.274 0.250 -0.122 0.072 -0.036
落叶高度Deciduous height 1.000 0.366** -0.068 0.352* 0.295* 0.242
寒害级数
Class of cold damage		 1.000 0.171 0.131 -0.123 0.176
是否有花果
Bearing flower and fruit or not		 1.000 -0.259 -0.280* -0.174
单株茎叶鲜重
Fresh weight of stems and
leaves per plant		 1.000 0.332* 0.825**
单株鲜薯个数
Fresh root number per plant		 1.000 0.200
单株鲜薯重
Fresh root weight per plant		 1.000

Table 4

Path analysis on cassava growth traits and different altitude gradients"

因子
Factor		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation coefficient		 通径系数（直接作用）
Path coefficient (direct effect)		 间接通径系数（间接作用）Indirect path coefficient (indirect effect)
X5 X4 X1 合计Total
X5 -0.786 -0.389 – -0.144 -0.253 -0.397
X4 0.618 0.276 0.203 – 0.139 0.342
X1 -0.750 -0.312 -0.316 -0.123 – -0.439

Table 5

Cassava rhizome quality comparison at different gradients"

海拔
Altitude (m)		 淀粉
Starch (g/100g)		 蛋白质
Protein (%)		 粗纤维
Crude fiber (%)		 L(+)-抗坏血酸
L(+)-ascorbic acid (mg/100g)		 氢氰酸
Hydrocyanic acid (mg/100kg)
800 28.70±1.00a 0.50±0.10a 0.80±0.10a 35.10±0.30a 5.33±0.35a
1000 27.67±2.12a 0.67±0.12a 0.87±0.06a 34.33±1.15a 8.30±0.66b
1200 34.20±0.20a 0.60±0.10a 0.90±0.10a 32.87±0.71b 9.00±1.00b
1400 41.17±0.55c 1.33±0.15b 0.93±0.06a 44.60±0.20c 48.70±0.20c
1600 32.30±0.50b 0.70±0.10a 0.87±0.06a 28.30±0.60d 11.30±0.10d
标准偏差Standard deviation 5.059 0.320 0.080 5.547 16.775
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 15.42 42.14 9.15 15.83 101.50

Table 6

The correlation analysis of cassava rhizome quality at different altitude gradients"

指标Index 淀粉Starch 蛋白质Protein 粗纤维Crude fiber L(+)-抗坏血酸L(+)-ascorbic acid 氢氰酸Hydrocyanic acid
海拔Altitude 0.622* 0.596* 0.335 -0.349 0.862**
淀粉Starch 1.000 0.522* 0.462 0.182 0.793**
蛋白质Protein 1.000 0.398 0.367 0.711**
粗纤维Crude fiber 1.000 0.249 0.535*
L(+)-抗坏血酸L(+)-ascorbic acid 1.000 0.068
氢氰酸Hydrocyanic acid 1.000

Table 7

The path analysis of cassava rhizome quality at different altitude gradients"

因子
Factor		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation
coefficient		 通径系数（直接作用）
Path coefficient
(direct effect)		 间接通径系数（间接作用）
Indirect path coefficient (indirect effect)
L(+)-抗坏血酸L(+)-ascorbic acid 氢氰酸Hydrocyanic acid 合计Total
L(+)-抗坏血酸
L(+)-ascorbic acid		 -0.088 -1.587 – 1.500 1.500
氢氰酸Hydrocyanic acid 0.457 1.788 -1.331 – -1.331
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