Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 144-151.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.021

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Annual Variation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Threshold for Optimal Yield of Northern Japonica Rice and Its Influencing Factors Analysis

Chen Yue(), Gong Liang(), Jin Dandan, Zhang Xin, Li Bo, Zou Xiaojin, Sui Shijiang, Ye Xin, Liu Yan   

  1. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2023-04-20 Revised:2023-05-16 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

In order to explore the interannual change of nitrogen fertilizer threshold for rice and its impact factors and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific development of fertilizer reduction strategy, based on eight years field positioning experiments, interannual changes and the impact factors were determined under the target yield of rice by fertilizer response linear plus plateau and quadratic model. The results showed that target yields and threshold nitrogen of rice were 9860-10 019kg/ha and 205.02-220.61kg/ha. The maximum range of interannual change was 7.60% based on nitrogen surface balance in paddy field. The order of direct impact factors were inorganic nitrogen content > nitrogen acquisition of plant > input nitrogen through irrigation, and the indirect factor was nitrogen in precipitation.

Key words: Rice, Fertilizer reduction, Nitrogen fertilizer threshold, Recommended fertilization rate, Nitrogen balance

Fig.1

Recommended fertilizer application rate and annual change during 2011-2018"

Fig.2

Rainfall, irrigation and inorganic N input during the rice growth period (2011-2018)"

Fig.3

Variation tendency of inorganic N concentration in the soil arable layer (0-20cm) under different treatments"

Table 1

Correlation of soil inorganic N content and N application kg/hm2"

年份
Year		 线性加平台
Linear plus plateau		 R2 饱和施氮量
Saturated N
application		 最高无机氮含量
Highest inorganic
nitrogen content		 推荐施氮量
Recommend
N application		 推荐施氮量下的无机氮含量
Inorganic nitrogen content
of recommend N application
2011
 y=0.477x-15.925 x≤287.35
y=121.15 x>287.35		 0.957
 287.35
 121.15
 211.64
 85.03
2012
 y=0.475x-12.832 x≤289.71
y=124.78 x>289.71		 0.970
 289.71
 124.78
 205.02
 81.87
2013
 y=0.509x-19.599 x≤284.85
y=125.39 x>284.85		 0.976
 284.85
 125.39
 218.84
 88.46
2014
 y=0.487x-15.384 x≤287.77
y=124.76 x>287.77		 0.988
 287.77
 124.76
 207.39
 83.00
2015
 y=0.537x-24.482 x≤277.77
y=124.68 x>277.77		 0.978
 277.77
 124.68
 216.65
 87.42
2016
 y=0.561x-28.84 x≤274.42
y=125.11 x>274.42		 0.979
 274.42
 125.11
 218.07
 88.09
2017
 y=0.58x-33.094 x≤273.61
y=125.6 x>273.61		 0.983
 273.61
 125.60
 220.36
 89.19
2018
 y=0.549x-24.753 x≤274.34
y=125.86 x>274.34		 0.983
 274.34
 125.86
 220.61
 89.31

Fig.4

Correlation of N uptake and N application"

Fig.5

Correlation of N harvesting index and N application"

Fig.6

Relationship between the apparent loss amount of inorganic N in the soil arable layer (0-20cm) and N application"

Table 2

N apparent balance at recommended N application rates from 2011 to 2018 kg/hm2"

年份
Year		 推荐施氮量
Recommended N
application		 植株吸氮量
N uptake
by plants		 土壤无机氮含量
Soil mineral N		 无机氮表观损失量
Apparent loss amount
of inorganic N		 降雨携氮量
N in precipitation		 灌溉携氮量
N in irrigation
2011 211.64±6.35 195.49±2.10 84.98±3.03 164.28±4.15 13.51±0.08 21.39±0.21
2012 205.02±6.00 189.11±2.14 84.55±2.85 178.88±4.66 16.68±0.17 18.28±0.18
2013 218.84±5.99 191.51±2.16 91.79±3.05 179.45±4.65 7.04±0.04 17.61±0.13
2014 207.39±4.29 187.37±1.69 85.62±2.09 167.82±3.30 8.50±0.05 17.68±0.22
2015 216.65±6.40 192.12±2.50 93.54±3.44 178.16±4.84 9.27±0.07 20.94±0.21
2016 218.07±3.97 192.24±1.60 79.01±0.90 181.92±2.99 16.83±0.08 18.00±0.27
2017 220.36±5.48 196.43+2.20 80.83±1.28 179.89±4.18 10.54±0.01 20.00±0.19
2018 220.61±3.91 192.51±1.10 80.81±0.85 181.06±2.98 11.52±0.01 19.05±0.14

Table 3

Effects of various factors on annual changes of recommended N application rate under N apparent equilibrium condition"

参数估算Parameter estimation 项目
Item		 方差分析Variance analysis
变量
Variable		 参数
Parameter		 标准差
Standard deviation		 自由度
Degree of freedom		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F P
y 3.94 8.89 模型Model 5 1502.77 300.55 58.21 0.0001
x1 2.63 4.26 误差Error 15 77.46 5.16
x2 1.80 7.47 总和Sum 20 1580.23
x3 -0.57 8.14 均方根Root mean square 2.27
x4 1.28 5.51 均值Mean value 1.29
x5 -4.13 2.26 变异系数Coefficient of variation 175.36

Table 4

Path analysis of the annual changes of nitrogen apparent balance and recommended nitrogen application"

因素
Factor		 通径系数Path coefficient 相关系数
Correlation coefficient
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
x1 1.2616** 0.6440 -0.0084 -0.3881* -0.7260** 0.7831**
x2 0.5362 1.5152** -0.1423 -0.5722** -0.6283** 0.7087**
x3 0.0201 0.4080 -0.5283** 0.2104 0.2019 0.3121
x4 -0.6125* -1.0846** -0.1390 0.7994** 0.4704* -0.5663**
x5 0.8720** 0.9063** 0.1015 -0.3580* -1.0504** 0.4715*
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