Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.001

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Research Progress on Morphogenesis, Physiological Characteristics, and Its External Influencing Factors in Wheat Spike

Liu Peiyao1(), Ran Liping2, Yang Jiaqing1, Wang Haibo1, Xiong Fei1, Yu Xurun1()   

  1. 1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-08-20 Revised:2024-09-28 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

Wheat is an important food crop, with its global planting area ranking first among the three major food crops. The final grains per spike and yield are determined by the morphogenesis of the spike, which is a crucial organ for wheat yield formation. At the same time, outside environmental factors also have an impact on this process. The glumes, rachis, and awns of spikes are among the tissues with the ability to photosynthesize, and the results of this process are crucial for the development of grain yield. This article expanded two aspects around morphological structure and physiological function in wheat spike, and it reviewed the structure, development process, and external environmental factors that affect the development of spike organs. It summarized and analyzed the photosynthetic contribution of spike organs and their impact on grain filling and material enrichment. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between the structure and function of spike organs were discussed, and reasonable regulation of ear differentiation has been discussed to promote the photosynthetic capacity of spike and increase the number and weight of grains per spike. The results provide reference for enhancing the yield potential of wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Spike, Morphogenesis, Photosynthesis, Grain

Fig.1

Pattern diagram of different spike types of Triticum (the author drew)"

Fig.2

Morphology of various organ processes during the differentiation and development of spikes (the author drew) (a) External morphology of young spikes at different differentiation stages; (b-c) Morphology of differentiation primordia in the middle of young spikes."

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