Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 104-109.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.016

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Response of Summer Maize Yield to Meteorological Factors in Lunan Region

Wu Ronghua1,Zhuang Kezhang1,Liu Peng2,Zhang Chunyan1   

  1. 1 Linyi Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Linyi 276012, Shandong, China
    2 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
  • Received:2018-04-02 Revised:2018-08-17 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12
  • Contact: Kezhang Zhuang

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Abstract:

An experiment during 2017 maize growing season was conducted to study the response of summer maize yield to meteorological factors by grey correlation analysis. Two ripening maize varieties were planted with different sowing dates in experimental field of Linyi Agricultural Academy of Sciences. The precocious maize varieties Huamei 1 and Denghai 518 and medium maize varieties Denghai 605 and Zhengdan 958 were used as materials. The results showed that the growth period of the two maize varieties was shortened with the delay of the sowing date. The yield of precocious summer maize planted on June 17 was slightly lower than that on June 10, and the yield of precocious summer maize was significantly reduced after sowing on June 17. With the delay of sowing date, the yield of medium summer maize was significantly reduced; With the delay of maize sowing date, average daily temperature, average soil temperature and average daily temperature difference were reduced, growing-degree days and the daylight hours also decreased. The effect of meteorological factors on the yield of precocious summer maize were: growing-degree days > daylight hours > average daily temperature difference > average soil temperature > average daily temperature > amount of rainfall. The effect of meteorological factors on the yield of medium summer maize were: growing-degree days > daylight hours > average daily temperature > average soil temperature > average daily temperature difference > amount of rainfall. The main meteorological factors affecting summer maize yield were growing-degree days and daylight hours. The suitable sowing date of medium summer maize is around June 10 and the suitable sowing date of precocious summer maize is from June 10 to June 17 in Lunan region. The summer maize should be planted early after wheat harvest in order to create conditions for high yield and grain harvesting.

Key words: Lunan region, Summer maize, Sowing date, Yield, Meteorological factors, Grey correlation analysis

Table 1

Growth period of different summer maize varieties"

品种类型
Type of maize		 播期
Sowing date		 出苗期
Emergence		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 吐丝期
Silking		 完熟期
Mature		 生育期(d)
Growth period
早熟品种 K1 6月17日 7月11日日 7月25日 7月27日 9月25日 108
Precocious variety K2 6月23日 7月17日日 8月2日 8月4日 10月1日 107
K3 6月29日 7月23日 8月8日 8月9日 10月7日 106
K4 7月5日 7月28日 8月12日 8月14日 10月12日 105
中熟品种 K1 6月16日 7月13日 7月31日 8月3日 10月2日 115
Medium variety K2 6月22日 7月20日 8月6日 8月8日 10月7日 113
K3 6月28日 7月26日 8月14日 8月15日 10月12日 111
K4 7月5日 8月2日 8月20日 8月22日 10月17日 110

Table 2

Meteorological factors and yields of different summer maize varieties in 2017"

品种类型
Type of maize		 播期
Sowing date		 有效积温
GDD (℃·d)		 日均温
ADT (℃)		 平均土壤温度
AST (℃)		 日照时数
DLH (h)		 降水量
AR (mm)		 气温日较差
ADTD (℃)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
早熟品种 K1 1 757.75 25.77 28.70 640.20 633.50 8.21 11 379.00a
Precocious variety K2 1 717.30 25.54 28.34 618.10 660.30 7.93 11 189.25a
K3 1 644.35 25.02 27.65 597.80 645.20 7.77 10 434.75b
K4 1 585.45 24.61 27.16 577.30 669.10 7.59 9 544.50c
中熟品种 K1 1 830.35 25.40 28.24 664.90 660.50 8.12 12 047.30a
Medium variety K2 1 757.50 25.05 27.78 638.90 660.60 7.89 11 586.80b
K3 1 682.95 24.28 27.30 619.90 669.10 7.72 11 113.50c
K4 1 612.25 23.76 26.66 594.20 669.10 7.56 9 660.00d

Table 3

Standardization of original data of summer maize yield and meteorological factors"

品种类型
Type of maize		 播期
Sowing date		 有效积温
GDD (℃·d)		 日均温
ADT (℃)		 平均土壤温度
AST (℃)		 日照时数
DLH (h)		 降水量
AR (mm)		 气温日较差
ADTD (℃)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
早熟品种 K1 1.049 1.021 1.026 1.052 0.972 1.042 1.070
Precocious variety K2 1.025 1.012 1.014 1.016 1.013 1.007 1.052
K3 0.981 0.992 0.989 0.983 0.990 0.987 0.981
K4 0.946 0.975 0.971 0.949 1.026 0.964 0.897
中熟品种 K1 1.064 1.032 1.027 1.056 0.993 1.038 1.085
Medium variety K2 1.021 1.017 1.010 1.015 0.994 1.008 1.044
K3 0.978 0.986 0.993 0.985 1.006 0.987 1.001
K4 0.937 0.965 0.970 0.944 1.006 0.967 0.870

Table 4

Absolute difference of summer maize yields and meteorological factors"

品种类型
Type of maize		 播期
Sowing date		 Δ有效积温
ΔGDD		 Δ日均温
ΔADT		 Δ平均土壤温度
ΔAST		 Δ日照时数
ΔDLH		 Δ降水量
ΔAR		 Δ气温日较差
ΔADTD
早熟品种 K1 0.021 0.049 0.017 0.035 0.098 0.028
Precocious variety K2 0.027 0.040 0.036 0.015 0.039 0.044
K3 0.000 0.011 0.002 0.015 0.009 0.006
K4 0.049 0.078 0.052 0.035 0.129 0.067
中熟品种 K1 0.021 0.053 0.058 0.029 0.092 0.047
Medium variety K2 0.022 0.026 0.033 0.029 0.050 0.035
K3 0.023 0.015 0.008 0.016 0.005 0.014
K4 0.067 0.095 0.099 0.074 0.136 0.096

Table 5

Correlation coefficient between meteorological factors and summer maize yields"

品种类型Type of maize 播期Sowing date 有效积温GDD 日均温ADT 平均土壤温度AST 日照时数DLH 降水量AR 气温日较差ADTD
早熟品种 K1 0.753 0.570 0.598 0.787 0.396 0.699
Precocious variety K2 0.702 0.618 0.628 0.642 0.622 0.592
K3 1.000 0.860 0.893 0.975 0.883 0.916
K4 0.571 0.452 0.466 0.555 0.334 0.492
中熟品种 K1 0.021 0.053 0.058 0.029 0.092 0.634
Medium variety
 K2 0.022 0.026 0.033 0.029 0.050 0.707
K3 0.023 0.015 0.008 0.016 0.005 0.893
K4 0.067 0.095 0.099 0.074 0.136 0.444

Table 6

Relational analysis and order of summer maize yields and meteorological factors"

项目 Item 有效积温GDD 日均温ADT 平均土壤温度AST 日照时数DLH 降水量AR 气温日较差ADTD
早熟品种关联度
Relational degree of precocious maize		 0.756 0.625 0.646 0.740 0.559 0.675
位次Order 1 5 4 2 6 3
中熟品种关联度
Relational degree of medium maize		 0.742 0.676 0.674 0.722 0.607 0.669
位次 Order 1 3 4 2 6 5

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and summer maize yields and yield components"

品种类型Type of maize 项目 Item 有效积温
GDD		 日均温
ADT		 平均土壤
温度AST		 日照时数
DLH		 降水量
AR		 气温日较差
ADTD
早熟品种Precocious variety 产量Yield 0.985* 0.989* 0.981* 0.963* -0.668 0.929
百粒重100-grain weight 0.959* 0.948 0.960* 0.985* -0.775 0.997**
穗粒数Grain number 0.861 0.842 0.861 0.916 -0.839 0.954*
中熟品种Medium Variety 产量Yield 0.950* 0.949 0.975* 0.958* -0.800 0.931
百粒重100-grain weight 0.976* 0.960* 0.990* 0.985* -0.808 0.968*
穗粒数Grain number 0.615 0.702 0.593 0.562 -0.895 0.574
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