Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 134-140.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.022

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Comparative Research on the Effects of Reducing Nitrogen from Different Fertilizers on Cotton

Jinghong Tan,Luping Zhang,Qixia Wu,Jianqiang Zhu,Zaizhen Zhang   

  1. College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2018-08-23 Revised:2018-12-17 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Qixia Wu,Jianqiang Zhu

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Abstract:

High nitrogen application rate and low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer are prominent problems in the process of cotton production. Using no nitrogen fertilizer use (CK, no nitrogen fertilizer use) and local custom fertilization (CF, use N 270kg/hm 2, common compound fertilizer) as the control. A field plot design was used to study the effecs of 3 fertilizer applications: reduced nitrogen by 20%, bio-organic complex fertilizer (T1), controlled-release mixed fertilizer (T2), and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer (T3) on the growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted cotton. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the newly fully developed cotton leaf of T2 was higher than that of the other treatments in the whole growth period, and it was significantly higher than CF at the flowering and boll setting stage. The dry matter weight of T1 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments at cotton bud stage; At flowering and boll setting stage, the stem dry matter weight of T2 was significantly higher than that of the CK, T1 and T3, the nitrogen accumulation of T2 was the highest, which were 27.0%, 19.7% and 36.5% higher than that of CF, T1 and T3, respectively. The proportion of nitrogen in reproductive organs (bud and bell) of T2 was also the highest, which were 46.1%, 13.6%, and 35.3% higher than that of CF, T1 and T3, respectively at cotton flowering bud setting stage. T2 production increased by 3.4% significantly compared with CF. In addition, apparent recovery efficency of nitrogen fertilizer, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and agronomic use efficency of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 cotton were both the highest, which were 28.6%, 13.6kg/kg and 5.6kg/kg, respectively. At the same time, the output-input ratio of T2 was the highest (3.7), and the net income was also the greastest (13 925.5yuan/hm 2).

Key words: Cotton, Dry matter weight, Yield, Decreased-nitrogen fertilization, Nutrient accumulation, Nitrogen use efficiency

Fig.1

Effects of the decreased-nitrogen fertilization on cotton plant height Different small letters indicate significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of the decreased-nitrogen fertilization on SPAD value of latest fully expanded leaf of cotton"

Fig.3

Effects of the decreased-nitrogen fertilization on Pn of latest fully expanded leaf of cotton"

Table 1

Effects of the decreased-nitrogen fertilization on cotton dry matter weight g/株 g/plant"

取样时期Sampling stage 植株部位Plant part CK CF T1 T2 T3
苗期Seedling stage 叶Leaf 01.7c 03.0b 02.6b 03.3a 02.7ab
茎Stem 01.0c 02.0a 01.6b 02.0a 01.6b
蕾期Bud stage 叶Leaf 08.5c 15.6b 20.4a 15.3b 15.4b
茎Stem 03.0c 08.0b 09.6a 08.1b 08.2b
蕾Bud 00.3c 01.7b 02.1a 01.6b 01.6b
花铃期Flowering and boll setting stage 叶Leaf 25.3d 61.6b 57.4c 64.5a 54.1c
茎Stem 39.4c 79.6a 65.2b 81.8a 67.9b
蕾Bud 09.1d 10.5b 10.7b 11.6a 09.5b
铃Bell 20.2d 47.8c 60.0b 66.3a 48.8c
吐絮期Boll-opening stage 叶Leaf 04.9d 11.1c 31.3b 35.3a 32.5b
茎Stem 37.6d 85.2a 68.8c 88.4a 78.0b
铃壳Bell shell 22.4c 41.4a 33.6b 44.31a 34.3b
子棉Seed cotton 71.7d 94.2c 97.3bc 111.7a 108.6b

Table 2

Effects of the decreased-nitrogen fertilization on cotton yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 单株铃数
Bolls per plant		 单铃重(g)
Single boll weight		 衣分(%)
Lint percentage		 子棉产量(kg/hm2)
Seed cotton yield		 实际密度(株/hm2)
Actual density (plants/hm2)
CK 24.3c 4.7d 47.4a 1 727.3d 22 060
CF 30.6a 5.3abc 47.2a 2 840.9b 22 060
T1 28.3a 5.2bc 46.7a 2 809.5bc 22 060
T2 29.9a 5.8a 48.4a 2 936.5a 22 060
T3 31.0a 5.4ab 48.7a 2 800.0bc 22 060

Fig.4

Nitrogen uptake in different periods of cotton under the decreased-nitrogen fertilization"

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application with different fertilizer sources on nitrogen use efficiency of cotton"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥表观利用率
Nitrogen apparent
recovery efficency
(%)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial
factor productivity
(kg/kg)		 氮肥农学利用率
Nitrogen agronomic
use efficency
(kg/kg)
CF 19.0c 10.5c 4.1c
T1 21.7ab 13.0ab 5.0ab
T2 28.6a 13.6a 5.6a
T3 22.3ab 13.0ab 5.0ab

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application with different fertilizer sources on economic benefits"

处理
Treatment		 产值(元/hm2)
Output value (yuan/hm2)		 肥料成本(元/hm2)
Fertilizer cost (yuan/hm2)		 产投比
Output-input ratio		 净收入(元/hm2)
Net income (yuan/hm2)
CK 11 227.5 1 587.7 7.1 9 639.8
CF 18 465.9 5 157.5 3.6 13 308.3
T1 18 261.8 6 350.1 2.9 11 911.6
T2 19 087.3 5 161.7 3.7 13 925.5
T3 18 200.0 5 325.6 3.4 12 874.4
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