Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 61-68.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.010

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Grain and Forage Maize Varieties in High Latitude and Cold Area of Shanxi Province

Guo Qingrui,Wang Mengfei,Guo Fengqin,Yin Jianjun,Zhang Xiaojuan,Wang Li   

  1. High Latitude Crops Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Datong 037008, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-12-26 Revised:2019-04-02 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: Mengfei Wang

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Abstract:

Comprehensive evaluation of 30 grain and forage maize varieties with large planting area in high latitude and cold region of Shanxi Province was conducted, which included silage fresh yield, quality, resistance. The results showed that fresh yield of 12 varieties was increased compared with the control Yongyu 3, and all reached a significant level (P<0.05) and 6 varieties reached at extremely significant level (P<0.01). The grain yield of 12 varieties was increased and all reached a significant level compared with Yongyu 3, and 2 varieties reached extremely significant level. Quality analysis results showed that the total digestible nutrient content of the 6 varieties were increased by 1.0% to 3.0% than Yongyu 3, including Yuqingzhu 23, Jindan 65, Xianyu 508, Wenyu 3, Dafeng 26 and Jinlingqingzhu 10. According to the correlative analysis of different indexes, it is suggested that the best harvest time is 30.0% to 35.0% of dry matter content and 40.00% to 50.00% of grain milk line in the whole maize plant.

Key words: Shanxi, High latitude and cold area, Grain and forage maize, Variety, Comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Results of fresh yield of silage maize varieties in harvest period"

品种编号Variety number 品种Variety 鲜产量Fresh yield (kg/hm2) ±CK (%) 位次Rank
V1 豫青贮23 90 712.0aA +21.5 1
V2 潞玉10号 86 623.5abAB +16.0 2
V3 文玉3号 82 947.0abcABC +11.1 3
V4 屯玉168 81 394.5abcdABCD +9.0 4
V5 金岭青贮10号 80 975.5bcdeABCD +8.5 5
V6 强盛青贮119 78 480.0bcdefABCDE +5.1 6
V7 大丰26号 78 035.5bcdefABCDE +4.5 7
V8 禾玉9566 77 470.5bcdefBCDE +3.8 8
V9 潞玉6号 77 245.5bcdefBCDE +3.5 9
V10 大丰1409 77 159.5bcdefBCDE +3.4 10
V11 大丰28号 76 832.0bcdefgBCDE +2.9 11
V12 锦润911 76 470.0bcdefghBCDE +2.4 12
V13 (CK) 永玉3号（CK） 74 654.0cdefghiBCDEF - 13
V14 晋单65号 73 972.5cdefghiBCDEFG -0.9 14
V15 太玉511 73 917.5cdefghiBCDEFG -1.0 15
V16 先玉1441 72 480.0defghijCDEFGH -2.9 16
V17 强盛10号 72 451.5defghijCDEFGH -3.0 17
V18 大丰27号 70 987.5defghijkCDEFGH -4.9 18
V19 强盛103 70 771.5efghijkCDEFGH -5.2 19
V20 伊单76 68 560.5fghijklDEFGHI -8.2 20
品种编号Variety number 品种Variety 鲜产量Fresh yield (kg/hm2) ±CK (%) 位次Rank
V21 太育1405 68 416.0fghijklDEFGHI -8.4 21
V22 瑞丰168 66 511.5ghijklmEFGHI -10.9 22
V23 伊单131 66 184.5hijklmEFGHI -11.3 23
V24 先玉508 65 987.5ijklmEFGHI -11.6 24
V25 承玉309 65 761.5ijklmEFGHI -11.9 25
V26 迪卡159 62 571.5jklmFGHI -16.2 26
V27 强盛青贮30 61 333.0klmFGHI -17.8 27
V28 先玉698 60 926.5klmGHI -18.4 28
V29 锦玉28 59 736.0lmHI -20.0 29
V30 奥利18 57 126.5mI -23.5 30

Table 2

The results of main agronomic traits of 30 silage maize varieties in field"

品种编号
Variety number		 品种
Variety		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 穗位高(cm)
Spike height		 持绿性
Stay-green value		 乳线百分比(%)
Milk line percentage		 干物质含量(%)
Dry matter content
V1 豫青贮23 384 180 5/17 33.33 27.0
V2 潞玉10号 315 141 6/16 40.00 31.6
V3 文玉3号 345 148 2/17 43.33 33.2
V4 屯玉168 343 153 4/15 33.33 32.6
V5 金岭青贮10号 337 145 6/17 45.33 31.8
V6 强盛青贮119 328 140 2/17 40.00 35.1
V7 大丰26号 341 130 4/17 50.00 33.8
V8 禾玉9566 370 166 3/16 33.33 35.1
V9 潞玉6号 330 141 4/15 32.33 33.8
V10 大丰1409 371 157 5/16 54.44 37.4
V11 大丰28号 309 123 3/16 56.67 37.0
V12 锦润911 335 144 3/16 50.00 34.3
V13 (CK) 永玉3号（CK） 351 142 6/17 44.33 38.9
V14 晋单65号 371 160 6/15 60.00 37.7
V15 太玉511 322 142 7/17 36.11 31.9
V16 先玉1441 327 118 5/15 50.00 39.3
V17 强盛10号 359 140 6/15 66.67 40.3
V18 大丰27号 336 145 6/16 50.00 37.6
V19 强盛103 324 120 5/16 64.45 38.0
V20 伊单76 314 132 4/16 55.57 36.2
V21 太育1405 350 145 7/16 62.23 41.5
V22 瑞丰168 347 123 5/16 75.56 44.3
V23 伊单131 364 143 6/16 66.67 42.5
V24 先玉508 352 139 4/15 50.67 42.5
V25 承玉309 337 110 5/16 57.78 44.2
V26 迪卡159 313 117 4/15 64.45 41.1
V27 强盛青贮30 346 130 6/15 75.56 44.7
V28 先玉698 341 140 7/15 73.33 45.0
V29 锦玉28 353 138 6/15 70.00 45.3
V30 奥利18 343 137 7/15 71.11 44.7

Table 3

Correlation analysis between fresh yield and main agronomic trait in silage maize varieties"

项目Item 株高
Plant
height		 株数
Number
of plants		 绿叶数/总叶片数
Green/Total leaves		 乳线百分比
Milk line percentage		 干物质含量
Dry matter
content		 总可消化养分
Total digestible nutrients		 鲜产量
Fresh
yield
株高Plant height -1
株数Number of plants -0.436* -1
绿叶数/总叶片数Green/Total leaves -0.290 -0.452* -1
乳线百分比Milk line percentage -0.039 -0.084 -0.040 -1
干物质含量Dry matter content -0.227 -0.073 -0.138 -0.651* -1
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients -0.272 -0.456 -0.474 -0.438 -0.629* -1
鲜产量Fresh yield -0.070 -0.340 -0.025 -0.618** -0.841** -0.299 1

Table 4

Quality analysis of silage maize varieties"

品种编号
Variety
number		 品种Variety 粗蛋白(%)
Crude protein		 淀粉
(%)
Starch		 中性洗涤
纤维(%)
Neutral detergent		 酸性洗涤
纤维(%)
Acid detergent		 木质素(%)
Lignin		 干物质(%)
Dry
matter		 每吨干物质可生产的牛奶
Producable milk per ton of dry matter (kg)		 总可消化养分(%)
Total digestible
nutrient
V13 (CK) 永玉3号(CK) 9.98 26.61 44.48 27.96 4.46 30.4 1.612 67
V1 豫青贮23 10.55 18.84 53.44 31.33 4.19 27.0 1.374 63
V5 金岭青贮10号 8.61 29.21 46.73 26.02 3.86 30.1 1.608 68
V12 锦润911 9.20 26.61 45.82 26.87 4.25 34.1 1.605 67
V9 潞玉6号 7.83 25.95 47.71 29.23 4.64 34.7 1.611 67
V7 大丰26号 7.72 28.69 46.57 26.88 3.78 35.1 1.596 69
V2 潞玉10号 7.88 20.52 53.18 32.26 5.02 33.4 1.461 64
V14 晋单65号 6.85 34.91 42.18 21.89 3.50 40.5 1.639 70
V6 强盛青贮119 8.61 33.70 40.62 22.31 3.43 32.8 1.698 70
V3 文玉3号 8.31 30.24 45.33 25.47 3.35 33.5 1.615 69
V24 先玉508 6.89 39.55 42.16 21.54 3.25 41.5 1.690 69

Table 5

Quality correlation analysis of silage maize varieties"

成分
Component		 粗蛋白
Crude
protein		 乳线百分比
Milk line
percentage		 淀粉
Starch		 中性洗
涤纤维
Neutral
detergent		 酸性洗
涤纤维
Acid
detergent		 木质素
Lignin		 干物质
Dry
matter		 每吨干物质可
生产的牛奶
Producable milk
per ton of dry matter		 总可消化养分
Total digestible
nutrient
粗蛋白Crude protein -1
乳线百分比Milk line percentage -0.531 -1
淀粉 Starch -0.644* -0.664* -1
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent -0.397 -0.470 -0.905** -1
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent -0.516 -0.616* -0.966** -0.931** -1
木质素Lignin -0.355 -0.463 -0.816** -0.715* -0.874** -1
干物质Dry matter -0.886** -0.872** -0.749** -0.557 -0.647* -0.437 1
每吨干物质可生产的牛奶
Producable milk per ton of dry matter		 -0.516 -0.412 -0.881** -0.942** -0.846** -0.593 0.587 1
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient -0.576 -0.443 -0.890** -0.918** -0.901** -0.769** 0.594 0.917** 1

Table 6

Variability of fresh yield, agronomic trait and quality of silage maize varieties"

项目Item 株高
Plant
height		 穗位高
Spike
height		 粗蛋白
Crude protein		 淀粉
Starch		 中性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent		 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent		 木质素
Lignin		 总可消化养分
Total digestible nutrient		 干物质
Dry
matter		 鲜产量
Fresh
weight
标准差
Standard deviation		 19.0900 15.1000 1.2120 6.0547 4.4908 3.6954 0.5062 2.2104 6.0880 9 163.8750
变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation		 5.58 10.81 15.06 20.01 9.99 14.42 12.81 3.26 16.06 12.63
权重Weight (%) 4.63 8.96 12.48 16.59 8.28 11.95 10.62 2.70 13.29 10.47
位次Rank 9 7 3 1 8 4 5 10 2 6

Table 7

Resistance of silage maize varieties"

品种编号
Variety number		 品种
Variety		 弱株率(%)
Weak plant rate		 倒伏率(%)
Lodging rate		 倒折率(%)
Folding rate		 大斑病(级)
Big leaf spot		 茎腐病(%)
Stem rot		 丝黑穗病(%)
Head smut		 持绿性
Stay-green value
V13 (CK) 永玉3号（CK） 3.5 0 9.3 0 2.3 3.5 6/17
V1 豫青贮23 0 50.0 0 0 0 0 5/17
V5 金岭青贮10号 3.8 0 0 0 0 12.5 6/17
V12 锦润911 0 0 0 0 0 0 3/16
V9 潞玉6号 5.2 0 1.3 0 0 2.6 4/15
V7 大丰26号 2.6 0 0 0 0 2.6 4/17
V2 潞玉10号 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/16
V14 晋单65号 6.3 0 2.5 0 3.8 0 6/15
V6 强盛青贮119 3.7 0 0 0 8.5 0 2/17
V3 文玉3号 0 0 4.1 0 4.1 0 2/17
V24 先玉508 0 0 2.6 0 16.9 2.6 4/15

Table 8

Comparison of grain yield in silage maize varieties"

品种编号Variety number 品种Variety 子粒产量Grain yield (kg/hm2) ±CK (%) 位次Rank
V28 先玉698 10 588.5aA +21.3 1
V24 先玉508 10 536.0abA +20.7 2
V11 大丰28号 10 155.0abAB +16.3 3
V3 文玉3号 10 149.0abAB +16.3 4
V5 金岭青贮10号 10 071.0abAB +15.4 5
V7 大丰26号 10 009.5abAB +14.7 6
V14 晋单65号 9 727.5bcABC +11.4 7
V29 锦玉28 9 349.5cdBCD +7.1 8
V26 迪卡159 9 226.5defBCDE +5.7 9
V12 锦润911 9 133.5defgBCDE +4.6 10
V27 强盛青贮30 9 124.5defgBCDE +4.5 11
V18 大丰27号 9 123.0defgBCDE +4.5 12
V20 伊单76 9 085.5defgBCDEF +4.1 13
V19 强盛103 9 046.5defgBCDEFG +3.6 14
V13 (CK) 永玉3号（CK） 8 728.5efghCDEHGH - 15
V10 大丰1409 8 706.0efghCDEFGH -0.3 16
V16 先玉1441 8 401.5fghiDEFGH -3.7 17
V1 豫青贮23 8 386.5fghiDEFGH -3.9 18
V9 潞玉6号 8 374.5fghiDEFGH -4.0 19
V4 屯玉168 8 368.5ghiDEFGH -4.1 20
V2 潞玉10号 8 364.0ghiDEFGH -4.2 21
V15 太玉511 8 340.0ghiDEFGH -4.5 22
V23 伊单131 8 332.5ghiDEFGH -4.5 23
V22 瑞丰168 8 301.0ghiDEFGH -4.9 24
V25 承玉309 8 290.5ghiDEFGH -5.0 25
V17 强盛10号 8 140.5hiEFGH -6.7 26
V21 太育1405 7 951.5hiFGH -8.9 27
V30 奥利18 7 906.5hiGH -9.4 28
V6 强盛青贮119 7 717.5iH -11.6 29
V8 禾玉9566 7 638.0iH -12.5 30

Table 9

Results of fresh yield, grain yield and quality of silage maize varieties"

品种编号
Variety
number		 品种
Variety		 淀粉
(%)
Starch		 粗蛋白(%)
Crude
protein		 酸性洗涤
纤维(%)
Acid detergent		 中性洗涤
纤维(%)
Neutral detergent		 持绿性
Stay-green
value		 鲜产量
(kg/hm2)
Fresh yield		 鲜产量位次
Rank of
fresh yield		 子粒产量
Grain
yield		 子粒产量位次
Rank of
grain yield
V1 豫青贮23 18.84 10.55 53.44 31.33 5/17 90 712.0 1 8 386.5 18
V3 文玉3号 30.24 8.31 25.47 45.33 2/17 82 947.0 3 10 149.0 4
V5 金岭青贮10号 29.21 8.61 26.02 46.73 6/17 80 975.5 5 10 071.0 5
V7 大丰26号 28.69 7.72 26.88 46.57 4/17 78 035.5 7 10 009.5 6
V24 先玉508 39.55 6.89 21.54 42.16 4/15 65 987.5 24 10 536.0 2
V14 晋单65号 34.91 6.85 21.89 42.18 6/15 73 972.5 14 9 727.5 7
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