低氮密植对机插双季稻产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the field experiment condition, taking Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiazao 17 as early rice materials, Taiyou 390 and Xiangwanxian 13 as late rice materials with four nitrogen and density levels. Zero-N with conventional density (CK0), zero-N with high density (CK1), conventional N rate with conventional density (N0D0) and low N rate with high density (N1D1) were set up using split panel design. The effects of low nitrogen rate combined with high planting density on yield and its components and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted early and late rice were studied. The results showed that compared with N0D0, N1D1 treatment was more beneficial to construct excellent population structure, increased population tiller number and dry matter content during main growth stage. And the leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and population growth rate had advantages at some degree under N1D1 treatment. Meanwhile, N1D1 treatment coordinated the contradiction between panicle number and grain number, which improved the spikelet number of population, kept the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, and maintained the yield stable. In addition, N1D1 treatment increased nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen recovery efficiency, but had a little effect on nitrogen harvest index, compared to the N0D0 treatment. Varying the varieties, rice seasons and locations, the effects of low nitrogen rate combined with high planting density on the economic benefit of rice was different, and there is a certain risk of reduce income. Considering comprehensively, the method of low nitrogen rate combined with high planting density can taking into account the stability of rice yield, the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency, and reducing of nitrogen fertilizer, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

Key words: Machine-transplanted double cropping rice, Low nitrogen rate combined with high planting density, Yield formation, Nitrogen use efficiency

Yang Zhichang,Shen Tao,Luo Zhuo,Peng Zhi,Hu Yuqian,Zi Tao,Xiong Tinghao,Song Haixing. Effects of Low Nitrogen Rate Combined with High Planting Density on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Machine-Transplanted Double Cropping Rice[J].Crops, 2020, 36(2): 71-81.

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References 32

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稻季Rice season	地点Site	处理Treatment	品种Variety	拔节期Jointing stage	抽穗期Heading stage	齐穗期Full heading stage
早稻Early rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₁	43.18a	40.17bc	36.93ab
			V₂	43.70a	43.78a	34.35bc
		N0D0	V₁	43.83a	41.06ab	37.21a
			V₂	44.23a	43.47a	35.76ab
	平均Average			43.73	42.12	36.06
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₁	35.23c	35.07d	32.27c
			V₂	36.32c	37.03cd	32.87c
		N0D0	V₁	36.62bc	37.13cd	32.37c
			V₂	39.19b	39.07bc	35.87ab
	平均Average			36.84	37.08	33.34
晚稻Late rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₃	38.26ab	36.35b	29.73b
			V₄	37.27bcd	35.17b	29.50b
		N0D0	V₃	39.01a	35.97b	29.90b
			V₄	37.87abcd	35.84b	30.70b
	平均Average			38.10	35.83	29.96
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₃	36.84cd	38.49a	34.83a
			V₄	37.44bcd	38.69a	33.93a
		N0D0	V₃	38.16abc	39.92a	35.63a
			V₄	36.56d	38.80a	35.57a
	平均 Average			37.25	38.98	34.99

稻季Rice season	地点Site	处理Treatment	品种Variety	拔节期Jointing stage	抽穗期Heading stage	齐穗期Full heading stage
早稻Early rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₁	2.05cd	5.78a	4.52a
			V₂	1.32de	4.90ab	4.41a
		N0D0	V₁	1.86cd	5.56a	3.75a
			V₂	1.03e	4.29bc	4.73a
	平均Average			1.57	5.13	4.35
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₁	2.82ab	3.46cd	2.20b
			V₂	2.35abc	2.87d	2.04b
		N0D0	V₁	2.17bc	2.81d	2.28b
			V₂	2.95a	3.06d	2.02b
	平均Average			2.57	3.05	2.13
晚稻Late rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₃	5.59ab	5.76ab	5.54a
			V₄	6.18a	4.89bc	5.24a
		N0D0	V₃	5.12ab	4.87bc	3.89b
			V₄	5.21ab	4.07c	5.28a
	平均Average			5.52	4.90	4.99
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₃	4.40bc	5.72ab	5.52a
			V₄	3.83c	6.71a	5.46a
		N0D0	V₃	4.83bc	5.82ab	5.09ab
			V₄	3.79c	5.64ab	5.36a
	平均 Average			4.21	5.97	5.36

稻季 Rice season	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
早稻Early rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₁	1 160.00abc	2 786.42ab	6 682.66a	16 475.38ab
			V₂	897.45de	3 111.03a	7 272.48a	16 864.95a
		N0D0	V₁	929.71cd	2 541.52b	5 029.14b	14 375.80bc
			V₂	658.48e	2 332.95b	5 020.00b	13 630.46cd
	平均Average			911.41	2 692.98	6 001.07	15 336.65
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₁	1 332.36a	2 450.91b	3 729.21c	11 397.56e
			V₂	1 234.18ab	2 425.45b	4 047.51bc	11 567.50de
		N0D0	V₁	996.00bcd	2 336.95b	3 357.14c	11 138.08e
			V₂	942.09cd	2 807.04ab	3 943.04c	11 496.56e
	平均Average			1 126.16	2 505.09	3 769.23	11 399.93
晚稻Late rice	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₃	1 324.60a	4 250.42ab	11 811.14ab	17 562.16ab
			V₄	1 196.85ab	4 781.57a	13 717.32a	18 461.07a
		N0D0	V₃	904.27bc	3 504.79bc	9 042.97c	12 660.66d
			V₄	924.34bc	3 525.02bc	9 845.00bc	12 918.75d
	平均Average			1 087.51	4 015.45	11 104.11	15 400.66
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₃	679.15cd	3 835.63bc	10 066.41bc	16 330.41abc
			V₄	783.03cd	3 272.24c	11 002.17bc	15 911.98bc
		N0D0	V₃	660.57cd	3 326.66c	9 583.99bc	13 981.13cd
			V₄	519.43d	3 285.14c	10 205.70bc	14 108.37cd
	平均Average			660.54	3 429.92	10 214.57	15 082.97

稻季 Rice season	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	群体生长率Population growth rate [g/(m²·d)]			光合势Photosynthetic potential [×10⁴(m²·d)/hm²]
稻季 Rice season	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	分蘖期-拔节期 Tillering-jointing	拔节期-抽穗期 Jointing-heading	抽穗期-成熟期 Heading-maturity	拔节期-抽穗期 Jointing-heading	抽穗期-齐穗期 Heading -full heading
早稻 Early rice	浏阳 Liuyang	N1D1	V₁	10.84bc	38.96a	48.96a	97.85a	126.01a
	浏阳 Liuyang		V₂	14.76a	41.61a	47.96a	77.75bc	117.42a
		N0D0	V₁	10.75bc	24.88b	46.73a	92.86ab	117.37a
			V₂	11.16abc	26.87b	43.05a	66.42cd	112.03a
	平均Average			11.88	33.08	46.68	83.72	118.21
	衡阳	N1D1	V₁	7.46c	12.78c	30.67b	62.75cd	69.36b
	Hengyang		V₂	7.94c	16.22bc	30.08b	52.24d	60.32b
		N0D0	V₁	8.94bc	10.20c	31.12b	49.74d	64.23b
			V₂	12.43ab	11.36c	30.21b	60.05d	64.17b
	平均Average			9.19	12.64	30.52	56.20	64.52
晚稻 Late rice	浏阳	N1D1	V₃	19.51ab	28.00ab	16.91a	153.28a	84.81ab
	Liuyang		V₄	23.90a	33.10ab	13.95a	149.39a	75.97bc
		N0D0	V₃	17.34b	20.51b	10.64a	134.80ab	65.69d
			V₄	17.34b	23.41ab	9.04a	125.25b	70.09cd
	平均Average			19.52	26.26	12.64	140.68	74.14
	衡阳	N1D1	V₃	21.04ab	24.92ab	18.42a	126.53b	84.31ab
	Hengyang		V₄	16.59b	30.92a	14.44a	131.73ab	91.23a
		N0D0	V₃	17.77b	25.03ab	12.93a	133.11ab	81.80ab
			V₄	18.44b	27.68ab	11.48a	117.96b	82.51ab
	平均Average			18.46	27.14	14.32	127.33	84.96

稻季 Rice season	地点 Site	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	群体颖花量 Population spikelet number (×10⁴/hm²)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
早稻	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₁	409.70a	127.96a	52 185.38a	84.92ab	28.16a	7.43a
Early rice			V₂	363.64a	151.08a	54 333.42a	85.05ab	28.66a	7.00ab
		N0D0	V₁	352.38a	140.69a	49 403.59ab	84.13b	28.80a	7.10a
			V₂	319.13a	139.77a	44 038.98b	83.71b	29.33a	6.90abc
	平均Average			361.21	139.88	49 990.34	84.45	28.74	7.11
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₁	366.06a	74.38b	26 805.88c	87.54ab	29.26a	5.80cd
			V₂	322.42a	95.25b	30 482.91c	84.29b	28.95a	5.50d
		N0D0	V₁	352.38a	84.42b	29 498.41c	90.92a	29.40a	6.60abcd
			V₂	321.90a	97.16b	31 081.03c	87.01ab	28.61a	5.92cd
	平均Average			340.69	87.80	29 467.06	87.44	29.06	5.96
晚稻	浏阳Liuyang	N1D1	V₃	419.39a	115.27ab	48 277.41a	85.70ab	26.48d	7.23b
Late rice			V₄	416.97a	82.89c	34 594.64cd	76.67d	31.45a	5.83d
		N0D0	V₃	391.67a	93.74bc	36 701.85bc	87.73a	26.37d	7.43b
			V₄	318.33b	83.96c	26 752.09d	82.42bc	31.26a	6.00cd
	平均Average			386.59	93.97	36 581.50	83.13	28.89	6.62
	衡阳Hengyang	N1D1	V₃	431.51a	120.08a	51 558.40a	81.87bc	24.63e	8.07a
			V₄	392.73a	96.73abc	38 440.30bc	81.13bcd	28.08c	6.43c
		N0D0	V₃	417.14a	109.80ab	45 441.08ab	81.49cd	24.38e	8.17a
			V₄	394.29a	85.06c	33 412.16cd	79.24bc	29.17b	6.27cd
	平均Average			408.92	102.92	42 212.99	80.93	26.57	7.24

Effects of Low Nitrogen Rate Combined with High Planting Density on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Machine-Transplanted Double Cropping Rice

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