Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 191-196.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.029

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Effects of Exogenous Selenium Application on Yield, Grain Selenium Content and Quality in Sorghum

Shi Lijuan1,2, Bai Wenbin1,2(), Cao Changlin1,2, Gao Peng1   

  1. 1Institute of Sorghum, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
    2Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2019-09-10 Revised:2020-03-30 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10
  • Contact: Wenbin Bai E-mail:baiwenbin1983@126.com

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Abstract:

In the key growth period of sorghum, different doses of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) were sprayed on the leaves to study the effects of exogenous selenium on the yield, quality and selenium content of sorghum and to determine the optimal dose and optimum period for the application of exogenous selenium in sorghum so as to provide theoretical basis for the further study on the effects of selenium on the physiological mechanism of sorghum and the production of selenium-rich sorghum. The variety Jinnuo 3 was used as the experimental material, using randomized block test, and five selenium concentrations were designed, 0 (CK), 40 (T1), 80 (T2), 120 (T3), 160 (T4) 160mg/kg Na2SeO3. Foliar exogenous selenium was sprayed at seedling stage, jointing stage and flag-picking stage to study the changes of yield, quality and grain selenium content of sorghum seeds under the conditions of different spraying periods and different closes. The results showed that the application of exogenous selenium could improve the grain selenium content of sorghum to some extent. The effect of spraying exogenous selenium on the selenium content of sorghum grain in different periods was in the order of flag-picking stage > jointing stage > seedling stage. Within the safe intake range of selenium absorbed by the human body, the selenium content of Jinnuo 3 grain at the T2 dosage during the flag-picking period averaged 0.295mg/kg in two years, an average increase of 83.5% than CK. Foliar spraying selenium could significantly improve crude protein and crude starch content of sorghum grain, the impact of spraying time on grain crude protein and crude starch content was in the order of flag-picking stage > jointing stage > seedling stage > CK. The contents of crude protein and crude starch at flag-picking stage with T2 treatment were the highest, and were 11.25% and 1.40% higher than CK, respectively. Na2SeO3 spraying on leaves could obviously increase the selenium content, improve the nutritional quality and increase the yield of sorghum. In summary, the flag-picking period is the best selenium-rich spraying period, and the most suitable foliar selenium (Na2SeO3) dosage is 80mg/kg.

Key words: Sorghum, Selenium content, Quality, Yield

Table 1

Chemical properties of soil (0-20cm) in experiment site"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
(mg/kg)		 速效磷
Olsen phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg/kg)		 全硒
Total selenium
(mg/kg)		 pH
2017 11.20 0.875 49.28 19.05 129.0 0.172 7.0
2018 10.98 0.867 48.76 18.92 126.5 0.163 7.3

Table 2

Effects of spraying exogenous selenium at different growth stages on 1000-grain weight and yield of sorghum"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 挑旗期
Flag-picking stage		 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 挑旗期
Flag-picking stage
2017 CK 30.93±0.31a 30.93±0.32a 30.92±0.20a 8 246.6±119.1a 8 246.6±119.1a 8 299.9±147.7a
T1 31.13±0.12a 31.13±0.15a 31.17±0.31a 8 242.8±99.7a 8 280.1±128.3a 8 313.3±79.0a
T2 31.30±0.20a 31.20±0.10a 31.30±0.00a 8 461.4±86.6a 8 398.1±138.1a 8 469.1±100.7a
T3 30.96±0.21a 31.17±0.15a 31.17±0.15a 8 403.6±171.5a 8 265.2±123.9a 8 348.8±35.1a
T4 30.93±0.31a 31.10±0.14a 30.93±0.38a 8 251.3±142.4a 8 188.6±53.18a 8 260.3±189.8a
2018 CK 27.38±0.24a 27.71±0.37a 27.65±0.40a 7 981.3±76.4a 8 057.5±75.9a 8 080.9±99.4a
T1 27.80±0.30a 27.77±0.55a 27.88±0.60a 8 035.1±123.6a 8 081.5±101.0a 8 100.5±130.2a
T2 27.89±0.23a 28.13±0.24a 28.40±0.24a 8 133.1±131.9a 8 224.1±66.5a 8 266.4±88.8a
T3 27.76±0.55a 27.81±0.37a 28.10±0.65a 8 079.1±82.9a 8 181.8±104.4a 8 192.9±98.3a
T4 27.71±0.18a 27.70±0.48a 27.70±0.53a 8 059.3±81.4a 8 109.2±114.4a 8 089.3±128.3a

Fig.1

Effects of different spraying doses of exogenous Se on Se content of sorghum grain at different stages in 2017-2018 Values followed by different capital and small letters are significantly different among different Se concentration treatments at 1% and 5% level, respectively"

Table 3

Effects of different spraying doses of exogenous Se on crude protein content of sorghum grain at different growth stages %"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 挑旗期
Flag-picking stage
2017 CK 8.51±0.03Bbc 8.49±0.04Bb 8.47±0.05Bb
T1 8.55±0.01Bb 8.56±0.09ABb 8.48±0.03Bb
T2 8.64±0.01Aa 8.66±0.03Aa 9.39±0.07Aa
T3 8.50±0.02BCc 8.57±0.04ABab 9.31±0.02Aa
T4 8.44±0.04Cd 8.51±0.06Bb 8.39±0.07Bb
2018 CK 8.59±0.01Bb 8.57±0.06Bb 8.53±0.04Bb
T1 8.60±0.02Bb 8.58±0.09ABb 8.55±0.03Bb
T2 8.77±0.03Aa 8.77±0.06Aa 9.52±0.04Aa
T3 8.54±0.03Bc 8.65±0.04ABab 9.49±0.03Aa
T4 8.45±0.02Cd 8.56±0.10Bb 8.60±0.05Bb

Table 4

Effects of different spraying doses of exogenous Se on crude starch content of sorghum grain at different growth stages %"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 挑旗期
Flag-picking stage
2017 CK 71.35±0.11ab 71.41±0.07Bbc 71.30±0.08Bbc
T1 71.44±0.73ab 71.71±0.33ABb 71.56±0.32ABb
T2 72.03±0.08a 72.13±0.07Aa 72.15±0.35Aa
T3 71.25±0.43b 71.31±0.17Bc 71.47±0.071Bbc
T4 71.20±0.40b 71.17±0.28Bc 71.25±0.21Bc
2018 CK 71.59±0.14ab 71.52±0.08Bbc 71.60±0.24Bbc
T1 71.82±0.20ab 71.84±0.30ABb 71.88±0.11ABb
T2 72.53±0.09a 72.55±0.10Aa 72.57±0.11Aa
T3 71.62±1.10ab 71.24±0.25Bc 71.85±0.45Bb
T4 71.33±0.76b 71.12±0.56Bc 71.23±0.30Bc

Table 5

Effects of different spraying doses of exogenous Se on crude fat content of sorghum grain at different growth stages %"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 挑旗期
Flag-picking stage
2017 CK 2.53±0.04a 2.53±0.06a 2.52±0.01a
T1 2.55±0.08a 2.66±0.09a 2.57±0.08a
T2 2.63±0.10a 2.66±0.13a 2.64±0.12a
T3 2.60±0.01a 2.60±0.07a 2.60±0.02a
T4 2.54±0.05a 2.52±0.08a 2.54±0.08a
2018 CK 2.51±0.13a 2.49±0.10a 2.53±0.02a
T1 2.64±0.10a 2.61±0.15a 2.54±0.06a
T2 2.64±0.04a 2.65±0.08a 2.65±0.10a
T3 2.58±0.10a 2.59±0.03a 2.60±0.08a
T4 2.51±0.04a 2.50±0.04a 2.55±0.10a
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