Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 43-49.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.007

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Analysis of the Yield Components and Drought Resistance of Dryland Wheat in Different Years from Shanxi Province

Wang Yun1(), Qiao Ling2, Yan Suxian2, Wu Bangbang2, Zheng Xingwei2, Zhao Jiajia2()   

  1. 1Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Ruicheng County, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China
    2Institute Research of Wheat, Shanxi Agriculture University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-10-06 Revised:2021-06-23 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Zhao Jiajia E-mail:13934860998@126.com;jjzh1990@163.com

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Abstract:

Drought is one of the main factors that affect the growth and yield of crops. It is of great significance to explore the yield characteristics of dryland wheat. Using the dryland wheat varieties of Shanxi province which were famous for drought resistance, the evolution trend of yield components and the drought resistance of wheat varieties in different years were analyzed under the two water treatments of rain-fed and well-watered. We investigated the physiological and morphological mechanism of yield increasing in the process of variety improvement, which guided the selection of traits in dryland wheat breeding in the future. The results showed that the average yield of dryland wheat varieties in Shanxi increased gradually over the years. The average annual gain yield before the 1990s was significantly higher than that after the 1990s, and there was no significant difference in yield from the 1990s to 2010s. The effective spike number and 1000-grain weight showed an increasing trend with the years, and the grain number per spike and drought resistance fluctuated with the years. The overall yield of dryland wheat in Shanxi province was low, which indicated that yield still had a potential to improve through genetic improvement. Therefore, based on the evolution trend of yield components, it was necessary to maintain a higher effective spike number and 1000-grain weight and increase the number of grains per spike as the breakthrough point in the dryland wheat breeding process of Shanxi province.

Key words: Shanxi province, Dryland wheat, Yield traits, Drought resistance, Evolution

Table 1

Dryland wheat varieties bred in Shanxi province"

编号
Code		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 编号
Code		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 编号
Code		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 编号
Code		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year
1 晋麦1 1973 23 晋麦56 1998 45 长麦5079 2005 67 运旱137 2016
2 晋麦5 1973 24 晋麦57 1998 46 长4640 2005 68 晋太1310 2016
3 晋春3号 1974 25 晋麦59 1998 47 汾黑麦1831 2005 69 长6990 2016
4 晋麦16 1982 26 晋麦60 1999 48 晋麦78 2006 70 润麦2号 2016
5 晋麦17 1982 27 晋麦61 1999 49 晋麦79 2006 71 长6197 2017
6 晋麦22 1985 28 晋麦63 1999 50 晋麦80 2006 72 长7080 2017
7 晋麦28 1989 29 晋麦68 2000 51 临旱6号 2006 73 临Y8161 2017
8 晋麦29 1989 30 晋麦70 2001 52 运旱20410 2007 74 晋太141 2017
9 晋麦33 1990 31 晋麦73 2002 53 长7016 2007 75 运旱139-2 2017
10 晋麦36 1991 32 长6878 2002 54 晋麦85 2008 76 翔麦8156 2017
11 晋麦38 1991 33 晋太170 2002 55 长麦6135 2008 77 晋麦104 2017
12 晋麦39 1991 34 中旱110 2002 56 晋麦87 2009 78 太1305 2018
13 晋麦40 1991 35 长6154 2003 57 运旱719 2009 79 晋麦101 2018
14 晋麦42 1992 36 河东TX-006 2003 58 晋麦88 2009 80 晋麦102 2018
15 晋麦44 1992 37 运旱21-30 2003 59 长8744 2011 81 运旱1512 2018
16 晋麦43 1992 38 临丰3号 2004 60 晋麦91 2011 82 临旱9号 2018
17 晋麦46 1994 39 临抗11号 2004 61 运旱805 2011 83 沃麦323 2018
18 晋麦47 1995 40 泽优2号 2004 62 晋麦92 2013 84 金麦919 2018
19 晋麦50 1996 41 冬黑10号 2004 63 长4853 2013 85 运旱1411-2 2018
20 晋麦51 1996 42 吕旱1608 2004 64 晋麦97 2014
21 晋麦53 1996 43 运旱2335 2005 65 晋麦98 2014
22 晋麦54 1997 44 长6359 2005 66 晋麦99 2015

Fig.1

Monthly rainfall during the wheat growing seasons"

Table 2

Variance analysis of flag leaves yield traits of dryland wheat varieties in Shanxi under rain-fed and well-watered treatments"

性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 P值
P value
株高Plant height (cm) RF 56.00 121.00 83.41±1.70b 15.80 18.94 0.020
WW 66.50 129.13 88.97±1.65a 15.30 17.20
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) RF 9.70 23.87 15.93±0.30b 2.74 17.18 <0.01
WW 13.80 28.30 17.99±0.28a 2.60 14.44
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) RF 0.90 2.15 1.46±0.02b 0.19 13.36 <0.01
WW 1.10 2.10 1.56±0.02a 0.19 12.23
穗长Spike length (cm) RF 6.20 11.90 9.34±0.12b 1.14 12.16 0.005
WW 7.27 13.70 9.89±0.15a 1.38 13.92
小穗数Number of spikelets RF 16.33 35.00 20.61±0.22a 2.05 9.94 0.420
WW 17.00 24.67 20.38±0.16a 1.53 7.49
穗粒数Grain number per spike RF 24.00 68.00 46.81±0.82b 7.56 16.16 <0.01
WW 38.33 85.00 53.02±0.96a 8.91 16.81
千粒重1000- grain weight (g) RF 31.60 56.50 46.61±0.52a 4.78 10.26 0.113
WW 37.80 61.60 47.79±0.53a 4.94 10.35
有效穗数 RF 212.50 541.00 397.20±11.55b 83.10 19.91 0.032
Effective spike number (×104/hm2) WW 248.50 629.02 464.40±14.23a 78.10 17.90
产量Yield (kg/hm2) RF 2849.50 5093.40 3788.52±115.15b 791.93 20.02 0.043
WW 3246.97 5683.54 4841.72±89.47a 832.93 18.23

Table 3

Flag leaves and yield traits of dryland wheat varieties in different years under rain-fed and well-watered treatments"

处理
Treatment		 年代
Years		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 旗叶长
Flag leaf
length (cm)		 旗叶宽
Flag leaf
width (cm)		 穗长
Spike length
(cm)		 小穗数
Number of
spikelets		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 有效穗数
Effective spike
number (×104/hm2)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
RF 1970s 106.37a 17.34b 1.44b 9.59ab 19.67a 43.22a 40.77b 321.00Bb 2915.40Bb
1980s 105.37a 20.95a 1.67a 10.25a 21.03a 46.67a 45.74a 372.51Bab 3379.43Bb
1990s 89.53b 16.16b 1.43b 9.47ab 20.45a 47.91Ba 46.53a 426.53Ba 4207.35Ba
2000s 80.71bc 15.38Bb 1.46Bb 9.27ab 20.56a 45.12Ba 47.39a 431.42Ba 4199.95Ba
2010s 75.35Bc 15.32Bb 1.43Bb 9.13b 20.80a 48.37a 46.59a 433.58Ba 4240.52Ba
WW 1970s 115.01a 17.91ab 1.46a 10.44ab 20.33a 56.00a 40.83a 424.31Ab 3915.41Ab
1980s 110.03a 20.76a 1.58a 11.93a 21.57a 58.00a 44.25a 448.53Aab 4299.95Ab
1990s 93.20b 17.44b 1.48a 9.81b 19.92a 54.59Aa 46.99a 469.72Aab 4831.41Aa
2000s 84.80b 17.29Ab 1.58Aa 9.67b 20.28a 53.28Aa 49.21a 486.32Aa 4978.20Aa
2010s 83.83Ab 18.69Aab 1.61Aa 9.76b 20.63a 50.31a 48.19a 493.20Aa 5183.65Aa

Table 4

Correlation between yield and yield components of dryland wheat under rain-fed and well-watered treatments"

性状
Trait		 株高
Plant
height		 旗叶长
Flag leaf
length		 旗叶宽
Flag leaf
width		 穗长
Spike
length		 小穗数
Number of
spikelets		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 有效穗数
Effective
spike number		 产量
Yield
株高Plant height 1 0.332** -0.034 0.470** 0.231* 0.136 -0.165 0.008 0.470**
旗叶长Flag leaf length 0.547** 1 0.195 0.440** 0.185 0.195 0.054 0.116 0.198
旗叶宽Flag leaf width 0.104 0.515** 1 0.246* 0.486** 0.232* 0.202 0.067 0.075
穗长Spike length 0.403** 0.465** 0.356** 1 0.601** 0.563** -0.133 0.109 0.396**
小穗数Number of spikelets 0.070 0.123 0.359** 0.480** 1 0.415** -0.080 0.112 0.256*
穗粒数Grain number per spike -0.088 0.351** 0.414** 0.282** 0.076 1 -0.087 0.183 0.583**
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.032 0.095 0.195 -0.026 -0.079 -0.014 1 -0.168 0.665**
有效穗数Effective spike number 0.018 0.136 0.063 0.169 0.187 0.113 -0.268* 1 0.764**
产量Yield 0.597** 0.195 0.093 0.432** 0.276* 0.498** 0.765** 0.683** 1

Fig.2

Average drought resistance and the percentages of drought-resistance wheat varieties in different years"

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