Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 111-117.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.015

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Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Seed Maize Yield and Economic Benefit

Li Long1(), Xiao Rang2(), Zhang Yongling2   

  1. 1Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Gaotai County, Zhangye 734300, Gansu, China
    2School of Civil Engineering, Hexi University/Institute of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in the West Corridor, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-07-09 Revised:2021-10-18 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

In order to improve the fertilization system of seed production maize in Zhangye, Gansu, the improvement effect of N、P、K formula fertilization on the utilization rate of N, P and K, the regulation effect on the growth and yield of seed production maize were explored, and the influence of N, P, K combined application on soil fertility was clarified. Seed maize was used as the test crop and surface drip irrigation was used as water supply method. Formulation nitrogen deficiency (T1), formulation phosphorus deficiency (T2), formulation potassium deficiency (T3), formula fertilization (T4), conventional nitrogen deficiency (T5), conventional phosphorus deficiency (T6), conventional potassium deficiency (T7), conventional fertilization (T8) and no fertilization (T9) treatments were set. The results showed that the yields of T4 and T8 treatments were 7158.9 and 6638.9kg/ha, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the corresponding nutrient deficiency fertilizer treatments. The water use efficiency of T4 was 7.33% (P < 0.01) higher than that of T8 treatment, and the fertilizer use efficiency of N, P and K was respectively increased by 5.9%, 67.3% and 70.2% (P < 0.05), economic benefit increased by 9.94%, soil nutrient comprehensive index increased by 20.00%. Formula fertilization can significantly promote crop growth, release high yield potential, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, improve economic benefits and soil fertility, so itʼs the recommended fertilization mode.

Key words: Combined application of N, P and K, Seed maize, Water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, Economic benefit, Soil fertility

Fig.1

Precipitation, mean temperature and evaporation during crop growth"

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of tested soil"

土壤类型
Soil type		 土层
Soil layer
(cm)		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Available nitrogen
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg/kg)		 容重
Bulk density
(g/cm3)
沙壤土Sandy soil 0~20 8.33 16.30 42.35 4.45 118.59 1.38

Table 2

Experiment design kg/hm2"

施肥模式
Fertilization
model		 处理
Treatment		 施氮量
N
application
rate		 施磷量
P
application
rate		 施钾量
K
application
rate
配方施肥
Formula
fertilization		 T1 0.0 138 75
T2 448.5 0 75
T3 448.5 138 0
T4 448.5 138 75
常规施肥
Conventional
fertilization		 T5 0.0 207 45
T6 414.0 0 45
T7 414.0 207 0
T8 414.0 207 45
T9 0.0 0 0

Table 3

Soil nutrient index score and weight"

养分指标
Nutrient indicator		 Fi 高
High		 中
Middle		 低
Low		 极低
Extremely low		 权重
Weight
有机质Organic matter g/kg 25~20 20~15 15~10 <10 0.30
分值 80 60 40 20
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen g/kg 100~90 90~60 60~45 <45 0.25
分值 80 60 40 20
有效磷Available phosphorus g/kg 90~60 60~30 30~15 <15 0.25
分值 80 60 40 20
速效钾Available potassium g/kg 155~125 125~100 100~70 <70 0.20
分值 80 60 40 20

Table 4

Rules for grading soil nutrients"

等级Grade 综合指数Comprehensive index
极高Extremely high 100~95
高High 95~75
中Middle 75~50
低Low 50~30
极低Extremely low 30~0

Table 5

Maize agronomic traits, yield and water use efficiency under different fertilization treatments"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗位高
Ear height
(cm)		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粒数
Kernels
per spike		 秸秆生物量
Straw biomass
(kg/hm2)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 水分利用效率
WUE
(kg/m3)
T1 179.0±0.7dD 97.5±0.7cdCD 13.7±1.3abA 285±0.8fF 7889.5±61.8eE 5846.7±37.2fF 1.32±0.01fF
T2 183.7±0.3cC 93.9±0.8efEF 13.7±0.4abA 314±1.2dD 8627.6±83.6cC 6718.6±37.2cC 1.51±0.01cC
T3 186.5±0.9bB 99.9±0.2cC 14.1±1.2abA 319±0.9cC 9058.5±74.8bB 6951.4±26.6bB 1.57±0.01bB
T4 192.9±0.1aA 139.4±1.0aA 15.0±0.9aA 336±0.8aA 9662.0±77.0aA 7158.9±27.2aA 1.61±0.01aA
T5 174.1±0.7eE 96.1±1.1dD 12.4±1.0bA 274±0.9gG 7846.2±64.1eE 5186.7±33.1gG 1.17±0.01gG
T6 179.9±0.7dD 92.1±1.7eE 12.4±1.4bA 311±1.6eE 8194.8±83.6dD 6100.3±56.1eE 1.37±0.01eE
T7 183.7±0.9cC 98.2±1.1cdCD 13.7±0.5abA 316±0.9dCD 9008.1±74.6bB 6471.5±55.2dD 1.46±0.01dD
T8 187.8±1.1bB 135.6±1.4bB 14.0±0.9abA 328±1.6bB 9638.7±75.7aA 6638.9±43.1cC 1.50±0.01cC
T9 170.7±1.2eE 87.1±1.3eE 12.3±0.9abA 256±2.2hH 7120.8±70.7fF 4357.7±23.6hH 0.98±0.01hH

Table 6

Nutrient uptake amount of N, P and K in maize under different fertilization treatments"

处理
Treatment		 ωN (kg N/hm2) ωP2O5 (kg P2O5/hm2) ωK2O (kg K2O/hm2) ω100 (kg)
秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain 总量Total 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain 总量Total 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain 总量Total N P2O5 K2O
T1 180.2 123.7 303.9 26.0 27.5 53.5 223.3 37.6 260.9 5.2 0.9 4.5
T2 224.3 195.7 420.0 29.6 24.4 54.3 239.0 32.3 271.2 6.3 0.8 4.0
T3 219.8 214.5 434.4 27.2 33.1 60.3 214.7 31.3 246.0 6.0 0.9 3.5
T4 268.3 214.3 482.5 32.5 48.0 80.5 265.0 31.5 296.5 6.7 1.1 4.1
T5 160.8 115.0 275.9 25.1 24.4 49.5 223.4 32.7 256.0 5.3 1.0 4.9
T6 198.9 154.7 353.6 25.1 20.1 45.5 227.8 27.6 255.4 5.8 0.7 4.2
T7 212.0 181.7 393.7 27.0 31.3 58.3 203.6 32.8 236.4 6.1 0.9 3.7
T8 250.9 180.5 431.4 33.7 35.2 68.9 225.2 29.0 254.2 6.5 1.0 3.8
T9 156.8 108.6 259.1 21.5 15.1 35.8 164.0 10.2 167.5 5.9 0.8 3.8

Table 7

Parameters of fertilizer nutrient utilization in different fertilization modes"

养分Nutrient 施肥模式 肥料利用率RE (%) 偏生产力PFP (kg/kg) 农学效率AE (kg/kg) 生理利用率PE (kg/kg)
N 配方施肥 39.8a 7.3A 2.9A 12.6a
常规施肥 37.6a 7.8A 2.5B 15.4b
P2O5 配方施肥 18.9a 23.9A 9.3A 88.9a
常规施肥 11.3b 14.8B 5.1B 96.5b
K2O 配方施肥 67.4a 47.7A 18.7A 21.7a
常规施肥 39.6b 55.3B 19.0A 26.4b

Table 8

Economic benefit of maize under formula fertilization mode"

施肥模式
Fertilization model		 肥料成本（元/hm2）
Cost of fertilizer (yuan/hm2)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Production value (yuan/hm2)		 净产值（元/hm2）
Net production value (yuan/hm2)
常规施肥Conventional fertilization 3258.80 6638.90 26 555.60 23 296.80
配方施肥Formula fertilization 3022.50 7158.90 28 635.60 25 613.10

Table 9

Evaluation of soil fertility before and after maize planting under formula fertilization mode"

时间
Time		 施肥模式
Fertilization
model		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzable
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available
phosphorus (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available
potassium (mg/kg)		 土壤养分综合指数
Comprehensive index
of soil nutrients		 土壤养分等级
Soil nutrient
grade
种植前Preplanting 16.3 42.35 4.45 118.59 40 低
收获后After harvest 常规施肥 15.3 41.38 16.20 120.71 45 低
配方施肥 18.5 45.32 15.80 125.36 54 中
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