Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 97-104.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.02.012

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Effects of Sowing Methods and Sowing Rates on Soil Water Use and Yield of Dryland Wheat in Arid Region

Luo Xiaoying(), Fang Yanfei, Hu Dongping, Tang Jianghua, Xu Wenxiu(), Wang Huaigang   

  1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-02-17 Revised:2023-03-30 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of sowing methods and sowing rates on soil water storage and yield of dryland wheat, in the main area of sowing method, drilling (C1), ridging and furrowing (C2), wide sowing (C3) were set up. The sowing rate was sub area, with four treatments of 180 (D1), 240 (D2), 300 (D3) and 360 (D4) kg/ha. The difference of soil water storage, WUE and yield of dryland wheat were studied. The results showed that under the same sowing method, the sowing rate of 240 and 300 kg/ha increased soil water storage at jointing and flowering stages, soil water consumption at flowering-maturity stages, WUE, yield and its components increased. And there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Compared with conventional drilling, especially wide sowing, wide sowing and furrowing increased average soil water storage at jointing and flowering stages, water consumption and its proportion at flowering-maturity stages, improved average WUE and yield. Wide sowing increased average WUE by 23% and 3%, yield average by 25% and 3%, respectively, compared with drilling and furrowing. In arid region, the combination of wide sowing and sowing rate in 240-300 kg/ha were beneficial to the accumulation of soil water during the vegetative growth period of wheat, increasing soil water consumption after flowering, and increasing spike number and yield.

Key words: Dryland wheat, Wide sowing, Ridging and furrowing, Sowing rate, Soil water use, Yield

Fig.1

Monthly precipitation from 2021 to 2022 during wheat growth stage"

Table 1

Changes of 0-80 cm soil water storage at different growth stages of dryland wheat under different treatments mm"

播种方式
Sowing
method		 播量
Sowing
rate		 拔节期
Jointing		 开花期
Anthesis		 灌浆期
Filling		 成熟期
Maturity
C1 D1 146.98e 108.84f 92.46ab 84.40ab
D2 156.19d 128.30e 88.43bcd 81.72abcde
D3 148.37e 125.02e 91.67abc 83.11abc
D4 143.28e 106.50f 93.30a 85.60a
均值 148.71B 117.17C 91.47A 83.71A
C2 D1 166.98bc 138.55bcd 90.78abc 82.57abcd
D2 169.66abc 141.86abc 87.06cd 79.46cde
D3 167.41bc 140.20abc 88.92abcd 81.79abcde
D4 165.06c 134.30d 92.17ab 83.35abc
均值 167.28A 138.73B 89.73A 81.79A
C3 D1 167.76abc 140.86abc 88.11bcd 80.53bcde
D2 171.13ab 142.83ab 86.91cd 78.17de
D3 172.92a 145.91a 84.77d 77.00e
D4 166.48bc 136.15cd 90.31abc 81.55abcde
均值 169.57A 141.44A 87.53B 79.31B
F值
F-value		 C 88.28** 30.45** 10.98** 29.01**
D 5.06* 4.46 8.45* 12.93**
C×D 2.41 7.93** 0.76 0.34

Fig.2

Contour map of spatial distribution of soil water storage in different soil layers at different growth stages JS: jointing stage, AS: anthesis stage, FS: filling stage, MS: maturity stage."

Table 2

Changes of soil water consumption and its ratio during different growth periods"

播种方式
Sowing
method		 播量
Sowing
rate		 播种期-拔节期Sowing-jointing 拔节期-开花期Jointing-anthesis 开花期-成熟期Anthesis-maturity
耗水量
Water
consumption (mm)		 占总耗水量比例
Proportion in total
water consumption (%)		 耗水量
Water
consumption (mm)		 占总耗水量比例
Proportion in total
water consumption (%)		 耗水量
Water
consumption (mm)		 占总耗水量比例
Proportion in total
water consumption (%)
C1 D1 161.84ab 64.97ab 49.14a 19.72a 37.94h 15.23e
D2 152.63c 60.61c 38.90bc 15.45c 60.08f 23.86cd
D3 160.45b 64.07b 34.35c 13.72c 55.41g 22.13d
D4 165.54a 66.77a 47.77a 19.27ab 34.41h 13.88e
均值 160.12A 64.11A 42.54A 17.04A 46.96C 18.78B
C2 D1 141.84de 56.52de 39.43bc 15.71bc 69.48d 27.69abc
D2 139.16def 54.77def 38.81bc 15.27c 75.89bc 29.87ab
D3 141.41de 56.18de 38.21bc 15.18c 71.91cd 28.57ab
D4 143.76d 57.47d 41.75b 16.69abc 64.45ef 25.76bcd
均值 141.54B 56.24B 39.55B 15.71A 70.43B 27.97A
C3 D1 141.06de 55.76de 37.89bc 14.98c 73.83bcd 29.18ab
D2 137.69ef 53.92ef 39.30bc 15.39c 78.16ab 30.61a
D3 135.90f 52.98f 38.01bc 14.82c 82.41a 32.13a
D4 142.34de 56.49de 41.34b 16.41abc 68.09de 27.02abc
均值 139.25C 54.79C 39.14B 15.40A 75.62A 29.74A
F值
F-value		 C 88.28** 83.78** 1.01 1.39 33.74** 33.43**
D 5.06* 6.80* 2.04 2.38 6.21* 5.69*
C×D 3.19* 1.87 5.68** 1.88 11.96** 2.61

Table 3

Effects of sowing methods and sowing rates on water use efficiency of dryland wheat"

播种方式
Sowing
method		 播量
Sowing
rate		 水分利用效率
WUE
[kg/(mm·hm2)]		 降水生产效率
RUE
[kg/(mm·hm2)]		 总耗水量
Total soil water
consumption
(mm)
C1 D1 9.64d 10.05d 249.12ef
D2 10.72bcd 11.29bcd 251.80bcde
D3 10.02cd 10.49cd 250.41cdef
D4 9.65d 10.01d 247.92f
均值 10.01B 10.46B 249.81C
C2 D1 11.81abc 12.39abc 250.95cdef
D2 12.64a 13.43a 254.06abc
D3 12.01ab 12.64ab 251.73bcde
D4 11.48abc 12.01abc 250.17def
均值 11.99A 12.62A 251.73B
C3 D1 11.97abc 12.47ab 252.99abcd
D2 12.64a 13.50a 255.35ab
D3 12.98a 13.92a 256.52a
D4 11.62abc 12.25abc 251.97bcde
均值 12.30A 13.04A 254.21A
F值
F-value		 C 75.79** 65.75** 29.01**
D 9.67** 9.74** 12.93**
C×D 0.29 0.37 0.55

Table 4

Effects of sowing method and sowing rate on yield and its components of dryland wheat"

播种方式
Sowing method		 播量
Sowing rate		 有效穗数
Spike number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 穗粒重
Grain weight per spike (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
C1 D1 217.50e 36.85cd 1.08abc 2402.60g
D2 278.34cd 39.20abcd 1.16ab 2699.43ef
D3 274.17cd 37.15cd 0.97bc 2508.75fg
D4 246.67de 32.70e 0.87c 2393.46g
均值 254.17C 36.48B 1.02B 2501.06B
C2 D1 275.00cd 37.64bcd 1.15abc 2963.46d
D2 311.67abc 41.00abc 1.21ab 3210.53abc
D3 278.34cd 37.90bcd 1.07abc 3022.59bcd
D4 277.50cd 35.30de 1.02abc 2871.81de
均值 285.63B 37.96B 1.11AB 3017.10A
C3 D1 308.62bc 40.32abc 1.19ab 2982.51cd
D2 317.24abc 41.68ab 1.23ab 3227.28ab
D3 353.45a 43.40a 1.30a 3329.43a
D4 329.31ab 38.88bcd 1.07abc 2927.92de
均值 327.16A 41.07A 1.20A 3116.79A
F值F-value C 17.11** 15.57** 7.22* 65.77**
D 2.72 9.78** 5.64* 9.73**
C×D 1.89 0.91 0.56 1.29
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