Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 175-180.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.025

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Effects of L-Tryptophan on Growth and Development of Sorghum under Low Nitrogen Condition

Li Junzhi1(), Wang Xiaodong1, Dou Shuang1, Xin Zongxu1, Wu Hongsheng1, Zhou Yufei2, Xiao Jibing1()   

  1. 1Liaoning Institute of Agriculture and Forestry in Arid, Chaoyang 122000, Liaoning, China
    2Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2023-05-06 Revised:2023-06-29 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to promote environmentally friendly and productive sorghum farming methods in the western Liaoning region, it is important to investigate the effects of exogenous tryptophan on the photosynthetic properties and yield of sorghum in low nitrogen environments. A split plot design was employed in field experiments, with premium glutinous sorghum variety Jiniang 3 serving as the experimental material. Two nitrogen application levels were set, with one-third of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer amount (N1) and conventional nitrogen fertilizer amount (N2) applied. Clear water (Y1) and 50 mg/L tryptophan (Y2) were sprayed on the leaves during the sorghum jointing stage to study the photosynthetic characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield. The results showed that under N1 and N2 levels, spraying tryptophan (Y2) could increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) of sorghum leaves, significantly increasing yield, 1000-grain weight, and panicle weight. Compared to Y1 treatment, the yield were increased by 1.91% and 6.70%, respectively. In different treatment combinations, spraying exogenous tryptophan could reduce plant height, increase stem diameter, panicle length, and leaf area. Therefore, under low nitrogen conditions, spraying tryptophan during the jointing stage of sorghum was beneficial for increasing grain yield, 1000-grain weight, stem diameter, and panicle length, reducing plant height and lodging risk, increasing SPAD value and Pn, increasing grain weight, and promoting yield and income increase.

Key words: Nitrogen application rate, Tryptophan, Sorghum, Photosynthetic characteristics, Agronomic traits, Yield

Fig.1

Meteorological data from May to September in 2022"

Fig.2

Effects of L-tryptophan on Pn of two leaves of sorghum under low nitrogen condition"

Fig.3

Effects of L-tryptophan on SPAD value of two leaves of sorghum under low nitrogen condition"

Table 1

Effects of nitrogen application rate and exogenous tryptophan on the growth of sorghum"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 茎粗系数
Stem diameter coefficient (%)		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)
施氮量N amount N1 156.26a 22.15a 1.43a 32.11a 372.27b
N2 165.92a 20.29a 1.23a 32.50a 396.66a
色氨酸Tryptophan Y1 166.07a 20.51a 1.25b 32.03a 383.27a
Y2 156.11b 21.93a 1.41a 32.58a 385.67a

Table 2

Effects of L-tryptophan on sorghum growth under low nitrogen condition"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 茎粗系数
Stem diameter coefficient (%)		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)
N1 Y1 158.90a 21.74a 1.38a 31.61a 361.52a
Y2 153.62a 22.56a 1.47a 32.55a 383.02a
N2 Y1 173.23a 19.27a 1.11a 32.45a 388.31a
Y2 158.60a 21.30a 1.35a 32.61a 405.01a

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rate and exogenous tryptophan on yield and its components of sorghum"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 穗粒数
Kernels per panicle		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation (kg/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
施氮量N amount N1 9758.36b 22.38a 3.81a 21 439.19a 0.46a
N2 10 510.21a 23.47a 4.08a 23 556.75a 0.45a
色氨酸Tryptophan Y1 9666.00b 21.87a 3.75b 21 758.74a 0.46a
Y2 9850.71a 22.89a 3.89a 23 237.20a 0.45a

Table 4

Effects of L-tryptophan on sorghum yield and its components under low nitrogen condition"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 穗粒数
Kernels per panicle		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation (kg/hm2)		 收获指数
HI (%)
N1 Y1 9666.00b 21.87b 3.75a 20 612.55a 0.47a
Y2 9850.71b 22.89ab 3.89a 22 265.83a 0.44a
N2 Y1 10 169.37b 23.39a 3.96a 22 904.93a 0.44a
Y2 10 851.05a 23.55a 4.19a 24 208.57a 0.45a

Table 5

Correlation analysis of main growth and physiological characteristics of Jiniang 3"

性状
Trait		 产量
Yield		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 穗粒数
Kernels per panicle		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation		 株高
Plant height		 茎粗
Stem diameter		 穗长
Panicle length
产量Yield 1.000 0.818 0.985* 0.937 0.135 -0.29 0.656
千粒重1000-grain weight 1.000 0.881 0.959* 0.347 -0.457 0.924
穗粒数Kernels per panicle 1.000 0.978* 0.088 -0.239 0.771
干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation		 1.000
 0.173
 -0.311
 0.874
株高Plant height 1.000 -0.987* 0.058
茎粗Stem diameter 1.000 -0.148
穗长Panicle length 1.000
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