Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 118-125.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.019

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Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles and Their Effects on Physicochemical Properties of Tobacco Leaves in Main Tobacco Growing Areas in Henan

Liao Hongqu1,Chen Hongli1,Fan Wensi1,Chen Yu1,Han Qiujing1,Yu Jianjun1,Ma Ming2   

  1. 1 College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2 Tobacco Standardization Research Center of China, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-09-11 Revised:2017-10-30 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-08-24

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Abstract:

In order to study the relationship between soil particle size and tobacco leaf quality in Henan tobacco area, 26 representative soil samples and flue-cured tobacco samples were taken from the main tobacco growing areas of Henan. The fractal model of soil quality was established and the soil fractal dimension D value of soil particle mass in plowlayer was calculated. By using multiple comparison, simple correlation analysis and path analysis, the correlation between soil fractal dimension and main physical properties and chemical composition of tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that: ① The highest fractal dimension of soil in the main tobacco producing areas in Henan was Luoyang, which was 2.818, and the lowest was Zhumadian, 2.714, showing spatial heterogeneity. The soil fractal dimension was significantly positively correlated with clay particles, which was significantly negatively correlated with the coarse silt, which showed that the smaller the soil particles, the greater the soil clay, the greater the fractal dimension of soil. ② The weight of leaf weight was 0.2463 in tobacco physical characters, and was positively correlated with fractal dimension. The weight of nicotine in tobacco chemical characters was 0.2214, which was significantly negatively correlated with fractal dimension. ③ It was concluded that the suitable fractal dimension of Henan tobacco area was about 2.752, and the suitable fractal dimension could be cultivated by cultivation method.

Key words: Tobacco, Fractal dimensionality, Physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves, Chemical composition

Table 1

Relationship between D value of fractal dimensionality and constitution of soil particles"

指标Index 粗砂粒Coarse sand 细砂粒Fine sand 粗粉粒Coarse silt 细粉粒Fine silt 黏粒Clay particles
相关系数Correlation coefficient -0.321 -0.029 -0.915** 0.467 0.990**

Fig.1

Relationship between D value of fractal dimensionality and soil particles"

Table 2

Soil particle size distribution and mass fractal dimensionality"

地区
Area		 粗砂粒(g)
Coarse sand		 细砂粒(g)
Fine sand		 粗粉粒(g)
Coarse silt		 细粉粒(g)
Fine silt		 黏粒(g)
Clay particles		 平均海拔(m)
Average altitude		 分形维数
D value
平顶山Pingdingshan 6.86±2.24ab 4.61±0.90b 47.94±2.80b 20.54±2.10b 20.05±1.38b 144 2.752
许昌Xuchang 3.20±0.99b 11.97±1.58a 47.65±2.17b 16.96±1.59b 20.22±1.12b 100 2.748
三门峡Sanmenxia 1.30±0.60bc 4.78±1.27b 40.40±3.39bc 23.51±2.28ab 30.01±3.69a 572 2.814
驻马店Zhumadian 4.26±3.17b 1.02±0.35b 58.59±0.67a 20.20±0.04b 15.93±3.74b 98 2.714
信阳Xinyang 5.31±1.44b 2.76±0.64b 46.70±1.60b 28.13±1.73a 17.10±1.76b 79 2.735
南阳Nanyang 9.08±3.95a 3.24±0.77b 42.71±4.04bc 23.38±2.37ab 21.59±3.63ab 157 2.768
洛阳Luoyang 3.94±1.12b 1.99±0.44b 35.35±2.24c 29.26±1.12a 29.46±1.35a 418 2.818

Table 3

The characteristic、variance contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of the principal component of physical properties for flue-cured tobacco leaves"

主成份
Principal
component		 特征值
Characteristic
value		 方差贡献率(%)
Variance contribution rate		 累积贡献率(%)
Cumulative
contribution rate
1 2.805 35.061 35.061
2 1.349 16.859 51.920
3 1.136 14.201 66.122
4 0.745 9.312 75.434
5 0.554 6.923 82.357
6 0.539 6.743 89.100
7 0.498 6.222 95.321
8 0.374 4.679 100.000

Table 4

Initial factor load matrix in physical characteristics of tobacco leaves"

来源Source F1 F2 F3
X1 0.615 0.491 -0.138
X2 0.645 0.536 0.012
X3 0.747 -0.267 0.029
X4 -0.705 0.307 0.128
X5 0.534 0.219 0.640
X6 -0.010 0.593 -0.606
X7 -0.408 0.455 0.566
X8 0.710 -0.221 0.040

Table 5

Correlation coefficients between D value of fractal dimensionality and physical properties for flue-cured tobacco leaves"

作用因子
Influence factor
 简单相关系数
Simple correlation
coefficient		 直接作用系数
Direct correlation
coefficient		 间接作用系数Indirect correlation coefficient
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 总和Sum
X1 -0.315** -0.828** 0.4360 0.1032 0.0380 0.0443 0.0608 0.0536 0.0645 0.8004
X2 -0.312** -0.806** 0.4479 0.0884 0.0603 0.0600 0.0612 0.0220 0.0690 0.8088
X3 -0.705** -0.335** 0.2550 0.2128 0.0985 0.0530 -0.0358 0.1008 0.1178 0.8020
X4 -0.623** -0.197 -0.1598 -0.2466 -0.1675 -0.0341 0.0145 -0.1059 -0.1185 -0.8180
X5 -0.358** -0.164 0.2236 0.2950 0.1082 0.0410 -0.0481 -0.0271 0.0725 0.6649
X6 -0.139 -0.373** 0.1350 0.1322 -0.0322 -0.0077 -0.0212 -0.0116 -0.0144 0.1801
X7 -0.538** -0.323** -0.1374 -0.0548 -0.1045 -0.0646 0.0138 0.0134 -0.0600 -0.3942
X8 -0.626** -0.249* 0.2145 0.2233 0.1585 0.0938 0.0477 -0.0216 0.0778 0.7939

Table 6

Multiple comparison of physical properties for flue-cured tobacco leaves in different D values"

分形维数
D value		 抗张力(N)
Tensile stress		 抗张强度(N/cm3)
Tensile strength		 含梗率(%)
Stem ratio		 单叶重(g)
Single leaf weight		 叶质重(g/m2)
Leaf weight		 填充值(g/cm3)
Filling value		 叶片厚度(μm)
Leaf thickness		 平衡含水率(%)
Quilibrium moisture content
2.5<D≤2.6 1.513b 118.103b 0.247bc 13.183a 71.310ab 5.107a 141.990a 9.327c
2.6<D≤2.7 2.030a 115.088b 0.218c 12.870a 64.428b 5.148a 120.458b 9.866c
2.7<D≤2.8 2.033a 140.270ab 0.277b 11.347b 71.082ab 5.653a 94.780c 10.226bc
2.8<D≤2.9 2.160a 137.906ab 0.337a 9.629c 74.374ab 5.143a 87.614c 11.243ab
>2.9 2.150a 156.108a 0.364a 9.540c 83.583a 4.939a 86.340c 12.399a

Table 7

The characteristic、variance contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of the principal component of chemical composition for flue-cured tobacco leaves"

主成份
Principal
component		 特征值
Characteristic
value		 方差贡献率(%)
Variance contribution rate		 累积贡献率(%)
Cumulative contribution rate
1 2.398 29.970 29.970
2 1.318 19.473 49.443
3 1.080 17.499 66.942
4 0.965 9.067 72.009
5 0.859 8.734 82.743
6 0.544 5.796 89.539
7 0.488 5.098 95.637
8 0.349 4.363 100.000

Table 8

Initial factor load matrix in chemical composition of tobacco leaves"

来源Source F1 F2 F3
x1 0.719 -0.192 0.443
x2 0.670 0.422 -0.033
x3 -0.838 0.034 0.082
x4 -0.300 -0.401 0.402
x5 -0.031 0.633 0.469
x6 0.334 0.009 -0.677
x7 0.007 0.667 0.036
x8 0.726 -0.310 0.185

Table 9

Correlation coefficients between D value of fractal dimensionality and main chemical composition for flue-cured tobacco leaves"

作用因子
Influence factor		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation
coefficient		 直接作用系数
Direct correlation
coefficient		 间接作用系数Indirect correlation coefficient
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 总和Sum
x1 -0.596** -0.246 0.0477 -0.3000 0.0024 0.0002 -0.0027 0.0002 -0.0540 -0.3063
x2 -0.496** -0.156 -0.0750 -0.2370 -0.0160 -0.0103 -0.0280 -0.0074 -0.0335 -0.4072
x3 -0.799** -0.565 -0.1306 0.0654 0.0150 -0.0032 0.0374 0.0002 -0.0335 0.2119
x4 -0.221* -0.064 -0.0091 0.0393 0.1328 0.0002 0.0022 0.0044 0.0112 0.1810
x5 -0.040 -0.059 -0.0010 -0.0271 0.0305 -0.0002 0.0113 -0.0074 0.0126 0.0207
x6 -0.332** -0.130 -0.0052 -0.0335 -0.1627 -0.0011 0.0051 0.0001 -0.0088 -0.2062
x7 -0.073 -0.056 -0.0007 -0.0207 0.0017 -0.0050 -0.0078 0.0001 0.0141 -0.0170
x8 -0.520** -0.109 -0.1213 -0.0479 -0.2656 -0.0066 0.0068 -0.0105 0.0072 -0.4378

Table 1

0 Multiple comparison of main chemical composition for flue-cured tobacco leaves of different D values %"

分形维数
D value		 总氮
Total nitrogen		 烟碱
Nicotine		 总糖
Total sugar		 还原糖
Reducing sugar		 淀粉
Starch		 钾
Potassium		 氯
Chlorine		 石油醚提取物
Petroleum ether extract
2.5<D≤2.6 1.913a 2.023a 22.042c 19.077a 4.133a 1.65a 0.290a 8.273a
2.6<D≤2.7 1.762a 2.034a 23.361c 21.204a 5.168a 1.48a 0.322a 8.504a
2.7<D≤2.8 1.551b 1.736ab 25.053b 21.548a 4.967a 1.67a 0.359a 6.960b
2.8<D≤2.9 1.393bc 1.483b 29.577a 22.054a 5.097a 1.33a 0.303a 6.483b
>2.9 1.328c 1.361b 32.281a 23.419a 4.384a 1.24a 0.303a 6.149b
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